Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Cable Age Classics Vol. 4 MP4 Video Download DVD
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15: International Tea Day: -- Step aside, coffee and Coca Cola! Today we drink the most popular beverage in the world. The day mainly seeks to raise awareness on the impact the tea trade has on farmers and workers but is also celebrated by tea lovers worldwide. Did you know that the origins of tea have been traced back to China? It was mostly used for medicinal purposes until the 17th century when tea made its way to the United Kingdom. The main types include black, green, white, herbal, oolong, and pu'erh. While this holiday has been observed since 2005, in 2019 the United Nations introduced a new International Tea Day on May 21. We, of course, celebrate both, who doesn't want double tea? There is no better way to start our day than with the pleasant taste and aroma of tea. Legend has it that tea was first discovered over 4000 years ago in China by Emperor Nun Shen. On one of his visits to a remote region, the leaves of a nearby tree blew into a pot of boiling water which his servants had placed over a fire. The refreshing aroma invited the Emperor to taste the beverage, and the first cup of tea was born. In the 16th century, tea made its way across the globe to Europe by Dutch traders, where it became a widely traded commodity thanks to the establishment of the East India Company in England. The rest, as they say, is history. Other than its taste and benefits, tea's contributions to culture and socioeconomic development are just as relevant. Grown in over 35 countries, the cultivation of tea supports the livelihoods of over 13 million people. Started by trade unions in 2005, International Tea Day celebrates the health benefits, economic importance, and cultural heritage of tea, all the while ensuring a more sustainable production from fields to our cups. Bringing together civil society organizations and small tea growers and businesses, this holiday aims to regulate uneven competition, safety regulations, land occupation, social security, living wages, and women's rights for all tea workers. Seminars, public campaigns, and presentations are traditionally held. The goal is to strengthen the regulations for tea growers' associations. Other than recognizing tea as a big export crop for countries that produce it, tea culture is also celebrated by enthusiasts. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-cable-age-classics-vol-4-mp4-video-download-d44.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
American Adventure: TV History Series 1607-1876 DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1791: Bill Of Rights Day: -- The United States Bill Of Rights, the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, becomes effective following ratification by the state of Virginia. Proposed following the often bitter 1787-88 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill Of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those in earlier documents, especially the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), as well as the Northwest Ordinance (1787), the English Bill Of Rights (1689), and Magna Carta (1215). Largely because of the efforts of Representative James Madison, who studied the deficiencies of the Constitution pointed out by anti-federalists and then crafted a series of corrective proposals, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment on September 25, 1789, and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison's proposal that the proposed amendments be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution (at the relevant articles and sections of the document), they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 5, 1992, as the Twenty-seventh Amendment. Article One is still pending before the states. Although Madison's proposed amendments included a provision to extend the protection of some of the Bill Of Rights to the states, the amendments that were finally submitted for ratification applied only to the federal government. The door for their application upon state governments was opened in the 1860s, following ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. Since the early 20th century both federal and state courts have used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply portions of the Bill Of Rights to state and local governments. The process is known as incorporation. There are several original engrossed copies of the Bill Of Rights still in existence. One of these is on permanent public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-american-adventure-series-us-1st-century-4-dv14.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The World:
A Television History Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 37: #BOTD: Nero, fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his death in AD 68 (d. June 9, 68) is #born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus in Antium (modern Anzio). Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius and became Claudius' heir and successor. Like Claudius, Nero became emperor with the consent of the Praetorian Guard. Nero's mother, Agrippina the Younger, was likely implicated in Claudius' death and Nero's nomination as emperor. She dominated Nero's early life and decisions until he cast her off. Five years into his reign, he had her murdered. During the early years of his reign, Nero was content to be guided by his mother, his tutor Lucius Annaeus Seneca and his Praetorian prefect, Sextus Afranius Burrus. As time passed, he started to play a more active and independent role in government and foreign policy. During his reign, the redoubtable general Corbulo conducted a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire. His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a major revolt in Britain, led by the Iceni Queen Boudica. The Bosporan Kingdom was briefly annexed to the empire, and the First Jewish-Roman War began. Nero focused much of his attention on diplomacy, trade and the cultural life of the empire, ordering theatres built and promoting athletic games. He made public appearances as an actor, poet, musician and charioteer. In the eyes of traditionalists, this undermined the dignity and authority of his person, status and office. His extravagant, empire-wide program of public and private works was funded by a rise in taxes that was much resented by the middle and upper classes. Various plots against his life were revealed; the ringleaders, most of them Nero's own courtiers, were executed. In 68 AD Vindex, governor of the Gaulish territory Gallia Lugdunensis, rebelled. He was supported by Galba, the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis. Vindex's revolt failed in its immediate aim, but Nero fled Rome when Rome's discontented civil and military authorities chose Galba as emperor. He committed suicide on June 9, 68 A.D., when he learned that he had been tried in absentia and condemned to death as a public enemy, making him the first Roman Emperor to commit suicide. Nero, on the fifteeth anniversary of his marriage to, and the sixth anniversary of his murder of, his virtuous wife Claudia Octavia, died aged 30 at the villa of imperial freedman Phaon in suburban Rome when he orders his own killing upon his private secretary, Epaphroditus, when Nero could not bring himself to take his own life. When one of the horsemen sent to arrest him entered and saw that Nero was dying, he attempted to stop the bleeding, but efforts to save Nero's life were unsuccessful. Nero's final words were "Too late! This is fidelity!". He is buried in the Mausoleum of the Domitii Ahenobarbi, in what is now the Villa Borghese (Pincian Hill) area of Rome. With his death, the Julio-Claudian dynasty ended, sparking the civil war and chaos known as The Year Of The Four Emperors. In March 68, Gaius Julius Vindex, the governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, rebelled against Nero's tax policies. Nero ordered Lucius Verginius Rufus, the governor of Germania Superior, to put down Vindex's rebellion. In an attempt to gain support from outside his own province, Vindex called upon Servius Sulpicius Galba, the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, to join the rebellion and to declare himself emperor in opposition to Nero. At the Battle of Vesontio in May 68, Verginius' forces easily defeated those of Vindex, and the latter committed suicide. However, after defeating the rebels, Verginius' legions attempted to proclaim him as Emperor. Verginius refused to act against Nero, but the discontent of his own legions of Germania, and the continued opposition of the increasingly popular Galba against him in Hispania, did not bode well for Verginius. While Nero had retained some control of the situation, support for Galba increased despite his being officially declared a "public enemy". The final straw for Nero was when the prefect of the Praetorian Guard, Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus, also abandoned his allegiance to the Emperor, and came out in support of Galba. In response, Nero fled Rome with the intention of going to the port of Ostia and, from there, to take a fleet to one of the still-loyal eastern provinces. According to Suetonius, Nero abandoned the idea when some army officers openly refused to obey his commands, responding with a line from Virgil's Aeneid: "Is it so dreadful a thing then to die?" Nero then toyed with the idea of fleeing to Parthia, throwing himself upon the mercy of Galba, or appealing to the people and begging them to pardon him for his past offences "and if he could not soften their hearts, to entreat them at least to allow him the prefecture of Egypt". Suetonius reports that the text of this speech was later found in Nero's writing desk, but that he dared not give it from fear of being torn to pieces before he could reach the Forum. Nero returned to Rome and spent the evening in the palace. After sleeping, he awoke at about midnight to find the palace guard had left. Dispatching messages to his friends' palace chambers for them to come, he received no answers. Upon going to their chambers personally, he found them all abandoned. When he called for a gladiator or anyone else adept with a sword to kill him, no one appeared. He cried, "Have I neither friend nor foe?" and ran out as if to throw himself into the Tiber. Returning, Nero sought a place where he could hide and collect his thoughts. An imperial freedman, Phaon, offered his villa, located 4 mi (6.4 km) outside the city. Travelling in disguise, Nero and four loyal freedmen, Epaphroditus, Phaon, Neophytus, and Sporus, reached the villa, where Nero ordered them to dig a grave for him. At this time, Nero learned that the Senate had declared him a public enemy. Nero prepared himself for suicide, pacing up and down muttering Qualis artifex pereo ("What an artist the world is losing!"). Losing his nerve, he begged one of his companions to set an example by killing himself first. At last, the sound of approaching horsemen drove Nero to face the end. However, he still could not bring himself to take his own life, but instead forced his private secretary, Epaphroditus, to perform the task. As his death ended the Julio-Claudian dynasty, it sparked a brief period of civil wars known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Nero's rule is usually associated with tyranny and extravagance. Most Roman sources, such as Suetonius and Cassius Dio, offer overwhelmingly negative assessments of his personality and reign; Tacitus claims that the Roman people thought him compulsive and corrupt. Many Romans believed that the Great Fire of Rome was instigated by Nero to clear the way for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea. He was said to have seized Christians as scapegoats for the fire and burned them alive, seemingly motivated not by public justice but by personal cruelty. Some modern historians question the reliability of the ancient sources on Nero's tyrannical acts. A few sources paint Nero in a more favourable light. There is evidence of his popularity among the Roman commoners, especially in the eastern provinces of the Empire, where a popular legend arose that Nero had not died and would return. At least three leaders of short-lived, failed rebellions presented themselves as "Nero reborn", to enlist popular support. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-world-a-television-history-4-dual-layer-dvds-all-26-sh426.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Adventures Of Marco Polo Radio Series CD, MP3 Download, USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1254: #BOTD: #HBD! Marco Polo, Italian merchant, explorer, and writer (d. January 8-9, 1324) is #born in Venice, capital of the Venetian Republic. His travels are recorded in Livres des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the World, also known as The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300), a book that described to Europeans the wealth and great size of China, its capital Peking, and other Asian cities and countries. He learned the mercantile trade from his father and his uncle, Niccolo and Maffeo, who travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco for the first time. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war with Genoa; Marco was imprisoned and dictated his stories to a cellmate. He was released in 1299, became a wealthy merchant, married, and had three children. Marco Polo was not the first European to reach China, but he was the first to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience. This book inspired Christopher Columbus and many other travellers. There is a substantial literature based on Polo's writings; he also influenced European cartography, leading to the introduction of the Fra Mauro map, a map of the world made around 1450 by the Italian cartographer Fra Mauro, which is considered the greatest memorial of medieval cartography. He is buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice. Marco Polo died in the Republic of Venice aged 69; due to the Venetian law stating that the day ends at sunset, the exact date of Marco Polo's death cannot be determined, but according to some scholars it was between the sunsets of January 8 and January 9, 1324. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/adventures-of-marco-polo-mp3-cd-radio-history-serie3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Scams,
Schemes & Scoundrels: James Randi Vs Con Men MP4 Download DVD
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1832: #BOTD: #HBD! Gustave Eiffel (Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, ne Bonickhausen dit Eiffel), French architect and civil engineer, co-designer of the Eiffel Tower (d. December 27, 1923) is #born Bonickhausen dit Eiffel in Dijon, Cote-d'Or, France, the first child of Catherine-Melanie (nee Moneuse) and Alexandre Bonickhausen dit Eiffel. He was a descendant of Jean-Rene Bonickhausen, who had emigrated from the German town of Marmagen and settled in Paris at the beginning of the 18th century. The family adopted the name Eiffel as a reference to the Eifel mountains in the region from which they had come. Although the family always used the name Eiffel, Gustave's name was registered at birth as Bonickhausen dit Eiffel, and was not formally changed to Eiffel until 1880. A graduate of the prestigious Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures of France, he made his name with various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit viaduct. He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue Of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields. Gustave Eiffel died while listening to Beethoven's 5th symphony andante in his mansion on Rue Rabelais in Paris, France. He is buried in the Eiffel family tomb in Levallois-Perret Cemetery in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France; strictly speaking, it is just outside Paris in the arrondissement of Nanterre, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, in the Ile-de-France region. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/scams-schemes-and-scoundrels-james-randi-vs-con-men-mp4-download-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Bad Blood:
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Documentaries MP4 DVD
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1883: #BOTD: #HBD! William Augustus Hinton, African American public health pioneer, inventor of the test for syphilis which due to its accuracy was used by the US Public Health Service, first African American to publish an academic textbook, first Black professor in the history of Harvard University, bacteriologist, pathologist and educator (d. August 8, 1959) is #born in Chicago, Illinois to Augustus Hinton and Maria Clark, both former slaves. Denied a medical internship due to his race, Hinton worked as a "voluntary assistant" in the Pathology Laboratory at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1913 to 1915. It was in this position that he became an expert in syphilis, publishing his first paper along with Roger I. Lee. Gaining the respect of his colleagues, he was invited to write a chapter in a leading textbook, Preventive Medicine and Hygiene. In 1915 he was awarded the dual appointments of director of the Laboratory Department of the Boston Dispensary and chief of the Wasserman Laboratory of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, staying at the latter position until his retirement in 1953. Under his supervision, the number of approved laboratories grew from 10 to 117. In 1936 Hinton published the first medical textbook by a Black American: Syphilis and Its Treatment. He was adamant about the role of socioeconomics in health, and called syphilis "a disease of the underprivileged." In 1975, the Massachusetts legislature made what had become known as the "Hinton Laboratory" in the scientific community official, passing a bill to rename the state laboratory the "Dr. William A. Hinton Laboratory." In 2019, Hinton's portrait was placed in Harvard Medical School's Waterhouse Room, a room previously dominated by the portraits of former Harvard Medical School Deans, all of whom were white. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/bad-blood-the-tuskeegee-syphilis-experiment-dvd-mp4-us4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Sitting
Bull & The Great Sioux Nation + Bonus Title MP4 Download DVD
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1890: #DOTD: #RIP: Sitting Bull (Lakota: Tatanka-Yatanka) Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux Indian leader who led his people during years of resistance against United States government policies (b. 1831) #dies when he is killed in a skirmish with U.S. Indian agency police soldiers on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation along the Grand River in South Dakota during an attempt to arrest him that Sitting Bull's warriors tried to prevent at a time when U.S. authorities feared that he would join the Ghost Dance movement, all events which led to the Wounded Knee Massacre of December 29, 1890. The Ghost Dance (Caddo: Nanissaanah, also called the Ghost Dance of 1890) was a new religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems. According to the teachings of the Northern Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka (renamed Jack Wilson), proper practice of the dance would reunite the living with spirits of the dead, bring the spirits to fight on their behalf, end westward expansion, and bring peace, prosperity, and unity to Native American peoples throughout the region. An elaboration of the Ghost Dance concept was the development of ghost shirts, which were special clothing that warriors could wear that were rumored to repel bullets through spiritual power. This belief systems posed a signficant military threat to American dominance and control over Indian reservations. Before The Battle Of The Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull had a vision in which he saw many soldiers, "as thick as grasshoppers," falling upside down into the Lakota camp, which his people took as a foreshadowing of a major victory in which many soldiers would be killed. About three weeks later, the confederated Lakota tribes with the Northern Cheyenne defeated the 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer on June 25, 1876, annihilating Custer's battalion and seeming to bear out Sitting Bull's prophetic vision. Sitting Bull's leadership inspired his people to a major victory. In response, the U.S. government sent thousands more soldiers to the area, forcing many of the Lakota to surrender over the next year. Sitting Bull refused to surrender, and in May 1877, he led his band north to Wood Mountain, North-Western Territory (now Saskatchewan). He remained there until 1881, at which time he and most of his band returned to U.S. territory and surrendered to U.S. forces. After working as a performer with Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, Sitting Bull returned to the Standing Rock Agency in South Dakota. In 1890, James McLaughlin, the U.S. Indian Agent at Fort Yates on Standing Rock Agency, feared that the Lakota leader was about to flee the reservation with the Ghost Dancers, so he ordered the police to arrest him. On December 14, 1890, McLaughlin drafted a letter to Lieutenant Henry Bullhead (noted as Bull Head in lead), an Indian agency policeman, that included instructions and a plan to capture Sitting Bull. The plan called for the arrest to take place at dawn on December 15, and advised the use of a light spring wagon to facilitate removal before his followers could rally. Bullhead decided against using the wagon. He intended to have the police officers force Sitting Bull to mount a horse immediately after the arrest. Around 5:30 a.m. on December 15, 39 police officers and four volunteers approached Sitting Bull's house. They surrounded the house, knocked and entered. Bullhead told Sitting Bull that he was under arrest and led him outside. Sitting Bull and his wife noisily stalled for time: the camp awakened and men converged at the house. As Bullhead ordered Sitting Bull to mount a horse, he said the Indian Affairs agent wanted to see the chief, and then Sitting Bull could return to his house. When Sitting Bull refused to comply, the police used force on him. The Sioux in the village were enraged. Catch-the-Bear, a Lakota, shouldered his rifle and shot Bullhead, who reacted by firing his revolver into the chest of Sitting Bull. Another police officer, Red Tomahawk, shot Sitting Bull in the head, and Sitting Bull dropped to the ground. Sitting Bull died between 12 and 1 p.m. A close-quarters fight erupted, and within minutes, several men were dead. The Lakota killed six policemen immediately, while two more died shortly after the fight, including Bullhead. The police killed Sitting Bull and seven of his supporters at the site, along with two horses. Sitting Bull's body was taken to Fort Yates, where it was placed in a coffin (made by the Army carpenter) and buried. A monument was installed to mark his burial site after his remains were reportedly taken to South Dakota. In 1953, Lakota family members exhumed what they believed to be Sitting Bull's remains, transporting them for reinterment near Mobridge, South Dakota, his birthplace. A monument to him was erected there. Sitting Bull was born on land later included in the Dakota Territory. In 2007, Sitting Bull's great-grandson asserted from family oral tradition that Sitting Bull was born along the Yellowstone River, south of present-day Miles City, Montana. He was named Jumping Badger at birth, and nicknamed Hunkesni (Lakota: "Slow"), said to describe his careful and unhurried nature. When he was fourteen years old he accompanied a group of Lakota warriors (which included his father and his uncle Four Horns) in a raiding party to take horses from a camp of Crow warriors. He displayed bravery by riding forward and counting coup (the winning of prestige against an enemy among the Plains Indians of North America) on one of the surprised Crow, which was witnessed by the other mounted Lakota. Upon returning to camp his father gave a celebratory feast at which he conferred his own name upon his son. Thereafter, Sitting Bull's father was known as Jumping Bull. At this ceremony before the entire band, Sitting Bull's father presented his son with an eagle feather to wear in his hair, a warrior's horse, and a hardened buffalo hide shield to mark his son's passage into manhood as a Lakota warrior. Sitting Bull was killed in a skirmish with U.S. Indian agency police soldiers on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation along the Grand River in South Dakota during an attempt to arrest him that Sitting Bull's warriors tried to prevent at a time when U.S. authorities feared that he would join the Ghost Dance movement, all events which led to the Wounded Knee Massacre of December 29, 1890. The Ghost Dance (Caddo: Nanissaanah, also called the Ghost Dance of 1890) was a new religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems. According to the teachings of the Northern Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka (renamed Jack Wilson), proper practice of the dance would reunite the living with spirits of the dead, bring the spirits to fight on their behalf, end westward expansion, and bring peace, prosperity, and unity to Native American peoples throughout the region. An elaboration of the Ghost Dance concept was the development of ghost shirts, which were special clothing that warriors could wear that were rumored to repel bullets through spiritual power. This belief systems posed a signficant military threat to American dominance and control over Indian reservations. Before The Battle Of The Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull had a vision in which he saw many soldiers, "as thick as grasshoppers," falling upside down into the Lakota camp, which his people took as a foreshadowing of a major victory in which many soldiers would be killed. About three weeks later, the confederated Lakota tribes with the Northern Cheyenne defeated the 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer on June 25, 1876, annihilating Custer's battalion and seeming to bear out Sitting Bull's prophetic vision. Sitting Bull's leadership inspired his people to a major victory. In response, the U.S. government sent thousands more soldiers to the area, forcing many of the Lakota to surrender over the next year. Sitting Bull refused to surrender, and in May 1877, he led his band north to Wood Mountain, North-Western Territory (now Saskatchewan). He remained there until 1881, at which time he and most of his band returned to U.S. territory and surrendered to U.S. forces. After working as a performer with Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, Sitting Bull returned to the Standing Rock Agency in South Dakota. In 1890, James McLaughlin, the U.S. Indian Agent at Fort Yates on Standing Rock Agency, feared that the Lakota leader was about to flee the reservation with the Ghost Dancers, so he ordered the police to arrest him. On December 14, 1890, McLaughlin drafted a letter to Lieutenant Henry Bullhead (noted as Bull Head in lead), an Indian agency policeman, that included instructions and a plan to capture Sitting Bull. The plan called for the arrest to take place at dawn on December 15, and advised the use of a light spring wagon to facilitate removal before his followers could rally. Bullhead decided against using the wagon. He intended to have the police officers force Sitting Bull to mount a horse immediately after the arrest. Around 5:30 a.m. on December 15, 39 police officers and four volunteers approached Sitting Bull's house. They surrounded the house, knocked and entered. Bullhead told Sitting Bull that he was under arrest and led him outside. Sitting Bull and his wife noisily stalled for time: the camp awakened and men converged at the house. As Bullhead ordered Sitting Bull to mount a horse, he said the Indian Affairs agent wanted to see the chief, and then Sitting Bull could return to his house. When Sitting Bull refused to comply, the police used force on him. The Sioux in the village were enraged. Catch-the-Bear, a Lakota, shouldered his rifle and shot Bullhead, who reacted by firing his revolver into the chest of Sitting Bull. Another police officer, Red Tomahawk, shot Sitting Bull in the head, and Sitting Bull dropped to the ground. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/sitting-bull-amp-the-great-sioux-nation-dvd-mp4-download-usb-flash-driv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Peter
Ustinov's Russia TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1905: Foundations: -- The Pushkin House is established in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to preserve the cultural heritage of Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era Alexander Pushkin (b. Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, June 6, 1799 - February 10, 1837), generally considered to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. The Pushkin House (Russian: Pushkinsky Dom), formally the Institute of Russian Literature (Russian: Institut Russkoy Literatury), is a research institute that is part of a network of institutions affiliated with the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Russian Literature Institute began its life in December 1905 as the main centre for Alexander Pushkin studies in Imperial Russia. A commission in charge of erecting a Pushkin monument in St. Petersburg, led by Sergei Oldenburg and Aleksey Shakhmatov, suggested a permanent institution be set up to preserve original Pushkin manuscripts. The idea won support from all sides and was welcomed by Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich. It was understood that the Pushkin House would be housed in a purpose-built Neoclassical edifice, or Odeon, but the idea failed to materialize owing to a lack of funds. In 1907 Vladimir Kokovtsov, Minister of Finance, came up with the proposal to acquire a huge collection of Pushkin manuscripts and memorabilia amassed in Paris by Alexander Onegin from 1879 onwards. The negotiations dragged on until Onegin's death in 1925, but the bulk of his collection eventually ended up in Russia. The Pushkin House was originally a non-governmental organization specializing in Pushkin studies, which have been recognized by Russian authorities as a separate branch of scholarly inquiry. The Russian Revolution led to the shutdown of all non-governmental institutions, but the Pushkin House was spared and put under the umbrella of the Russian Academy of Sciences (in 1918). Such "honorary" directors as Anatoly Lunacharsky, Lev Kamenev and Maksim Gorky ensured its safe passage through the hardships of the Revolution. In 1927 Pushkin House moved from the crammed rooms in the Academy of Sciences building to the magnificent neo-Palladian Customs House, built after Giovanni Francesco Lucchini's designs in 1829-1832 and situated just around the Strelka in Saint Petersburg, significant examples of Greek Revival architecture. The Pushkin House remained open during the Siege of Leningrad, although most of the staff and manuscripts were evacuated to other cities. Following the war the institute continued, employing such scholars as Boris Eikhenbaum and Dmitry Likhachov. The collections of the Pushkin House, partly housed in a modern block hidden behind the Neoclassical facade, include numerous manuscripts from the 13th century onward, portraits and personal documents of leading Russian authors, as well as a galaxy of rare music recordings. The institution has a complex structure and is subdivided into several departments: The Institute of Russian Literature, as seen from across the Malaya Neva; Department of Old Russian Literature; Department of Russian Folklore and Records Archive; Department of New Russian Literature; Department of Pushkin Studies; Department of Recent Russian Literature; Correlation of Russian and Foreign Literature Department; Bibliography and Sources Department; Manuscript Division and Archive of Ancient Relics; and Museum of Literature. The Pushkin memorial houses in Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye, Tsarskoe Selo, and on the Moyka River are also affiliated with the Pushkin House. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/peter-ustinov39s-russia-dvds-complete-6-part-tv-series-2-d3962.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: John
Hammond: Bessie Smith to Bruce Springsteen DVD, MP4, Flash Drive
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1910: #BOTD: #HBD! John Hammond, American record producer, critic, and civil rights activist (d. July 10, 1987) is #born John Henry Hammond II in New York, christened John Henry Hammond Jr., although both his father and grandfather shared the same name. During his career which spanned the the 1930s to the early 1980s, his service as a talent scout, he became one of the most influential figures in 20th century popular music. Hammond was instrumental in sparking or furthering numerous musical careers, including those of Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Benny Goodman, Harry James, Charlie Christian, Billie Holiday, Count Basie, Teddy Wilson, Big Joe Turner, Pete Seeger, Babatunde Olatunji, Aretha Franklin, George Benson, Freddie Green, Leonard Cohen, Arthur Russell, Jim Copp, Asha Puthli and Stevie Ray Vaughan. He is also largely responsible for the revival of delta blues artist Robert Johnson's music. In 1985, Hammond had his first stroke. Although this impaired him physically, his wife Esme's death left him in despair; she was diagnosed with breast cancer, and while treatments worked for some time, she died on May 19, 1986 of complications of AIDS which she had contracted from a blood transfusion. Hammond was distraught and died fourteen months later after a series of strokes. It is said that he died listening to the music of Billie Holiday. He is buried at The Vanderbilt Family Cemetery And Mausoleum in the New Dorp neighborhood of Staten Island, New York City. It was designed by Richard Morris Hunt and Frederick Law Olmsted in the late 19th century, when the Vanderbilt family was the wealthiest in America. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/john-hammond-from-bessie-smith-to-bruce-springsteen-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: American
Hot Wax (1978) DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1921: #BOTD: #HBD! Alan Freed, American disc jockey who popularized the term "rock and roll" and music of that style (d. January 20, 1965) is #born Albert James Freed to a Russian Jewish immigrant father, Charles S. Freed, and Welsh-American mother, Maude Palmer, in Windber, Pennsylvania. He became internationally known for promoting the mix of blues, country, and rhythm and blues music on the radio in the United States and Europe under the name of rock and roll. His career was destroyed by the payola scandal that hit the broadcasting industry in the early 1960s. Alan Freed died of uremia and cirrhosis brought on by alcoholism, at the age of 43. He was initially interred in the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. In March 2002, Judith Fisher Freed, his daughter-in-law, carried his ashes to The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. On August 1, 2014, the Hall of Fame asked Alan Freed's son, Lance Freed, to remove the ashes permanently, which he did. The Freed family later interred his ashes at Cleveland's Lake View Cemetery beneath a jukebox-shaped memorial featuring Freed's image. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/american-hot-wax-1978-dvd-alan-freed-rock-39n39-ro19783939.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic
Baby Boomer Bloopers Video Collection DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1933: #BOTD: #HBD! Tim Conway, American comedian, actor, writer, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. May 14, 2019) is #born Thomas Daniel Conway in Willoughby, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, and grew up in nearby Chagrin Falls, the son of Sophia Murgoiu and Daniel Conway, a groomer for polo ponies. His father, who immigrated to the United States in 1927, was born in Ireland to Scottish parents and his mother was a first-generation Romanian-American. His legal name was Thomas, though he was also referred to as Toma, the Romanian language analog, and was typically known as Tom; he changed his stage name to Tim near the beginning of his acting career (quipping that he "dotted the O") to avoid confusion with actor Tom Conway. From 1966 to 2012 he appeared in more than 100 TV shows, TV series and films. Among his more notable roles, he portrayed the inept Ensign Parker in the 1960s World War II TV situation comedy McHale's Navy, was a regular cast member (1975-1978) on the TV comedy The Carol Burnett Show where he portrayed his recurrent iconic characters Mister Tudball, the Oldest Man and the Dumb Private, co-starred with Don Knotts in several films (1975-80), was the title character in the Dorf series of eight sports comedy direct-to-video films which became the first home video sales hit (1987-1996), and provided the voice of Barnacle Boy in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants (1999-2012). Twice, in 1970 and in 1980-1981, he had his own TV series. Conway was admired for his ability to depart from scripts with humorous ad libs and gestures, which frequently caused others in the skit to break character while attempting to control their surprise and laughter. He won six Primetime Emmy Awards during his career, four of which were awarded for The Carol Burnett Show, including one for writing. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-baby-boomer-bloopers-tv-amp-movie-blooper-outtakes-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Scarlett O'Hara War 1980 Tony Curtis Bill Macy DVD, Download, USB
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1939: Premieres: -- Gone With The Wind, the highest inflation-adjusted grossing film, has its world premiere at Loew's Grand Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, introduced by producer David O. Selznick and featuring appearances by Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable. Gone With The Wind is a 1939 American epic historical romance film adapted from the 1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell. The film was produced by David O. Selznick of Selznick International Pictures and directed by Victor Fleming. Set in the American South against the backdrop of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era, the film tells the story of Scarlett O'Hara, the strong-willed daughter of a Georgia plantation owner. It follows her romantic pursuit of Ashley Wilkes, who is married to his cousin, Melanie Hamilton, and her subsequent marriage to Rhett Butler. The leading roles are played by Vivien Leigh (Scarlett), Clark Gable (Rhett), Leslie Howard (Ashley), and Olivia de Havilland (Melanie). Production was difficult from the start. Filming was delayed for two years because of Selznick's determination to secure Gable for the role of Rhett Butler, and the "search for Scarlett" led to 1,400 women being interviewed for the part. The original screenplay was written by Sidney Howard and underwent many revisions by several writers in an attempt to reduce it to a suitable length. The original director, George Cukor, was fired shortly after filming began and was replaced by Fleming, who in turn was briefly replaced by Sam Wood while Fleming took some time off due to exhaustion. The film received positive reviews upon its release in December 1939, although some reviewers found it to be too long. The casting was widely praised, and many reviewers found Leigh especially suited to her role as Scarlett. At the 12th Academy Awards, it received ten Academy Awards (eight competitive, two honorary) from thirteen nominations, including wins for Best Picture, Best Director (Fleming), Best Adapted Screenplay (posthumously awarded to Sidney Howard), Best Actress (Leigh), and Best Supporting Actress (Hattie McDaniel, becoming the first African American to win an Academy Award). It set records for the total number of wins and nominations at the time. Gone With The Wind was immensely popular when first released. It became the highest-earning film made up to that point, and held the record for over a quarter of a century. When adjusted for monetary inflation, it is still the highest-grossing film in history. It was re-released periodically throughout the 20th century and became ingrained in popular culture. Although the film has been criticized as historical revisionism glorifying slavery, it has been credited with triggering changes in the way in which African Americans are depicted cinematically. The film is regarded as one of the greatest films of all time; it has placed in the top ten of the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 American films since the list's inception in 1998. In 1989, the United States Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-scarlett-o39hara-war-tv-movie-19391980.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Battle
Of Guadalcanal DVD MP4 Download USB Flash Drive
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1942: World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Asiatic-Pacific Theater, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: The South West Pacific Area (SWPA): Operation Cartwheel: The Solomon Islands Campaign: The Battle Of Guadalcanal (The Guadalcanal Campaign, Operation Watchtower): The Battle Of Mount Austen, The Galloping Horse, And The Sea Horse (The Battle Of The Gifu): -- The Battle Of Mount Austen, The Galloping Horse, And The Sea Horse, part of which is sometimes called The Battle Of The Gifu, begins, a five week battle between United States and Imperial Japanese forces in the hills near the Matanikau River area on Guadalcanal that ended on January 23, 1943. The U.S. forces were under the overall command of Alexander Patch and the Japanese forces were under the overall command of Harukichi Hyakutake. In the battle, U.S. soldiers and Marines (the 2nd Marine Division, 23rd Infantry Division, 25th Infantry Division and 147th Infantry Regiment), assisted by native Solomon Islanders, attacked Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) forces (the 2nd Infantry Division, 38th Infantry Division and the 35th Infantry Brigade) defending well-fortified and entrenched positions on several hills and ridges. The most prominent hills were called Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse by the Americans. The U.S. was attempting to destroy the Japanese forces on Guadalcanal and the Japanese were trying to hold their defensive positions until reinforcements could arrive. Both sides experienced extreme difficulties in fighting in the thick jungles and tropical environment of the battle area. Many of the American troops were also involved in their first combat operations. The Japanese were mostly cut off from resupply and suffered greatly from malnourishment and lack of medical care. After some difficulty, the U.S. succeeded in taking Mount Austen, in the process reducing a strongly defended position called the Gifu, as well as the Galloping Horse and the Sea Horse. In the meantime, the Japanese decided to abandon Guadalcanal and withdrew to the west coast of the island. From there most of the surviving Japanese troops were successfully evacuated during the first week of February 1943. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-battle-of-guadalcanal-dvd-mp4-download-usb-flash-driv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Battle Of
San Pietro + Winning The War On Film WWII DVD, Download, USB
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1943: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Mediterranean And Middle East Theater Of World War II (The Mediterranean Theater Of War) The Italian Campaign Of World War II (The Liberation Of Italy): The Winter Line: The Battle Of San Pietro Infine (The Battle Of San Pietro): -- The final Allied assault during The Battle Of San Pietro takes place as a German panzer battalion devastated American forces trying to take the 700-year-old Italian village. Hollywood director John Huston, serving as an army lieutenant, filmed the battle and left behind a graphic account in his film The Battle Of San Pietro. The film is unflinching in its realism. One scene includes close-up views of the faces of dead soldiers as they are being loaded into body bags, a level of realism unheard of in both fictional portrayals as well as newsreel footage of the time. The United States Army delayed its release to the public because it showed dead GIs wrapped in mattress covers, some officers tried to prevent soldiers in training from seeing it, for fear of damaging morale. General George Marshall came to Huston and the film's defense, stating that because of the film's gritty realism, it would make a good training film. The depiction of death would inspire soldiers to take their training more seriously. Huston quickly became unpopular with the Army, not only for the film but also for his response to the accusation that the film was anti-war. Huston responded that if he ever made a pro-war film, he should be shot. The film was screened to U.S. troops in North Africa in 1944, where John Horne Burns described it in a letter as "almost more than any heart can stand". Huston was no longer considered a pariah; he was decorated and eventually promoted to major. In 1991, The Battle Of San Pietro was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/john-huston-wwii-films-battle-of-san-pietro-december-7th-dv7.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: A 78 RPM
Christmas Song MP3 MegaSet CD, Audio Download, USB Stick
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1944: #DOTD (?): #RIP (?): Glenn Miller, American big band trombonist, arranger, composer, and bandleader in the swing era (b. March 1, 1904) disappears in a small plane over the English Channel while traveling to entertain U.S. troops in Paris during World War II and was presumably killed. Born Alton Glenn Miller in Carilinda, Iowa, he was the best-selling recording artist from 1939 to 1942, leading one of the best-known big bands. Miller's recordings include "In the Mood", "Moonlight Serenade", "Pennsylvania 6-5000", "Chattanooga Choo Choo", "A String of Pearls", "At Last", "(I've Got a Gal In) Kalamazoo", "American Patrol", "Tuxedo Junction", "Elmer's Tune", and "Little Brown Jug". In just four years Glenn Miller scored 16 number-one records and 69 top ten hits - more than Elvis Presley (38 top 10s) and the Beatles (33 top 10s) did in their careers. On December 15, 1944, while he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in Paris during World War II, Miller's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/a-78-rpm-christmas-mp3783.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Black
Stars In Orbit: The Black Astronauts Of NASA MP4 Download Or DVD
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1948: #BOTD: #HBD! Patricia S. Cowings, African American aerospace psychophysiologist, first American woman to be trained as a scientist astronaut by NASA, best known for her studies in the physiology of astronauts in outer space, as well as helping find treatments and cures for astronaut's motion sickness, is #born Patricia Suzanne Cowings in The Bronx, New York City, the only daughter of Sadie B. and Albert S. Cowings. Sadie was an assistant preschool teacher and Albert was a grocery store owner. She had three other brothers who went on to become a two-star army general, a jazz musician, and a freelance journalist. Her parents emphasized education as a "way of getting out of the Bronx." She began working at NASA in 1971, when she was a graduate student and received a fellowship in the Graduate Research Science Program. In 1973, she graduated from the University of California, Davis, with a psychology degree. Although Cowings never made it to space, she was an alternate for a space flight in 1979, and she spent 34 years researching the effects of gravity on human physiology. Cowings invention of a program, called the Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), would be tested in astronauts for the first time on the STS-51B and STS-51C shuttle flights in 1985. Her program was successful and she also developed an instrument that could easily monitor astronauts' physiological responses in space. Cowings' AFTE is still being used today and its use has expanded into the medical field as well. Today, Cowings and her team prepare astronauts to handle the strenuous conditions of space with the AFTE. Additionally, Cowings has expanded the use of the AFTE by running a program to help hospital patients with various conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders. In the Morehouse University School of Medicine in Atlanta, the AFTE is being used to help with patients' blood pressure, nausea, and hypertension. Cowings, even today, still works in trying to mitigate space sickness in astronauts. Over the course of her career, she has earned the NASA Individual Achievement Award, the Black Engineer Of The Year Award, the AMES Honor Award For Technology Development, the NASA Space Act Award For Invention, and the National Women Of Color Technology Award. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/black-stars-in-orbit-the-black-astronauts-of-nasa-mp4-download-or-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Judgement
In Jerusalem: The Trial Of Adolf Eichmann DVD, MP4, USB
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1961: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Holocaust (Shoah): The Aftermath Of World War II: The Eichmann Trial: -- Nazi SS Colonel Adolf Eichmann is sentenced to death in Israel by hanging after being found guilty by an Israeli court of 15 criminal charges for his role in the Holocaust, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people, and membership of an outlawed organization. He was executed on June 1, 1962 in Ayalon Prison, Ramla, Israel at the age of 56. Born Otto Adolf Eichmann in Solingen, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire on March 19, 1906, SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer (Lieutenant Colonel) Adolf Eichmann was one of the major organizers of the Holocaust. He was tasked by SS-Obergruppenfuehrer (General/Lieutenant General) Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the logistics involved in the mass deportation of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe during World War II. In 1960, he was captured in Argentina by the Mossad, Israel's intelligence service. He was found guilty of war crimes in a widely publicised trial in Israel, and was hanged in 1962. He joined both the Nazi Party and the SS in 1932, and in 1933, he joined the Sicherheitsdienst (SD; Security Service) the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany; there he was appointed head of the department responsible for Jewish affairs - especially emigration, which the Nazis encouraged through violence and economic pressure. After the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Eichmann and his staff arranged for Jews to be concentrated in ghettos in major cities with the expectation that they would be transported either farther east or overseas. He also drew up plans for a Jewish reservation, first at Nisko in southeast Poland and later in Madagascar, but neither of these plans was ever carried out. When the Nazis began the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, their Jewish policy changed from emigration to extermination. To coordinate planning for the genocide, Heydrich hosted the regime's administrative leaders at the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942. Eichmann collected information for him, attended the conference, and prepared the minutes. Eichmann and his staff became responsible for Jewish deportations to extermination camps, where the victims were gassed. Germany invaded Hungary in March 1944, and Eichmann oversaw the deportation of much of the Jewish population. Most of the victims were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp, where 75 to 90 per cent were murdered upon arrival. By the time that the transports were stopped in July 1944, 437,000 of Hungary's 725,000 Jews had been killed. Historian Richard J. Evans estimates that between 5.5 and 6 million Jews were killed by the Nazis. Eichmann said towards the end of the war that he would "leap laughing into the grave because the feeling that he had five million people on his conscience would be for him a source of extraordinary satisfaction." After Germany's defeat in 1945, Eichmann fled to Austria. He lived there until 1950, when he moved to Argentina using false papers. Information collected by the Mossad, Israel's intelligence agency, confirmed his location in 1960. A team of Mossad and Shin Bet agents captured Eichmann and brought him to Israel to stand trial on 15 criminal charges, including war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against the Jewish people. During the trial, he did not deny the truth of the Holocaust or his role in organising it, but claimed that he was simply following orders in a totalitarian Fuehrerprinzip system. He was found guilty on many of the charges and was sentenced to death by hanging; he was executed on 1 June 1962. The trial was widely followed in the media and was later the subject of several books, including Hannah Arendt's work Eichmann in Jerusalem, in which Arendt coined the phrase "the banality of evil" to describe Eichmann. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/judgement-in-jerusalem-the-trial-of-adolf-eichmann-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: King: A
Filmed Record: Montgomery To Memphis DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1961: Civil Rights Movements: The American Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968): Anti-Black Racism In The United States: Discrimination: The Sit-In Movement (The Sit-In Campaign, The Student Sit-In Movement): -- Police in Baton Rouge, Louisiana use tear gas to break up demonstrations organized by CORE by 1,500 black protestors in the main business district of the city. Fifty blacks were arrested on disorderly conduct charges. The protests were against the arrest the day prior of twenty-three blacks for having participated in the picketing of downtown stores and for having staged sit-ins at lunch counters, demonstrations all organized by The Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE). The demonstrations of the 15th were mostly by students from Southern University, America's largest all-black institution of higher learning. Among those jailed was Ronnie Moore, a Southern University student and chairman of the CORE unit that conducted the picketing. CORE Field Secretary Rev. B. E. Cox of High Point, N. C. led the demonstrations. During the melee, several stores closed their lunch counters and one or two stores refused to permit Negroes on the premises. Several hours later, Rev. Cox was arrested on a bench warrant signed by District Judge Fred S. LeBlanc, charging him with conspiracy and the blocking of a public passage. Tear gas was used to break up five demonstrations in the city during the day and finally caused the crowds to disperse. But the peace was uneasy, and reports were that other demonstrations were slated soon. The first barrage of tear gas was laid down at the parish (county) Courthouse against students who in many cases traveled on foot from the university campus six miles away. The crowd scattered and then reformed a couple of blocks away around the old state Capitol Building. The police officers warned the crowd to disperse, and when it continued marching, they let loose a few more tear gas bombs. The protestors regrouped twice more on the Tnird Street Mall, the city's main shopping area, and once more on a street leading to the state Capitol, where another demonstration was planned. Each time the police issued a warning, they set off tear gas. Despite the fact the tear gas is a chemical weapon that causes severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and blindness, officially no injuries were reported. City officials used the Police Department's two dogs against the mob, but supposedly did not unleash them. The police patrolled the business area late in the day, although most of the students had departed. That night, the city of Baton Rouge obtained temporary restraining orders in Federal and state courts to prohibit CORE from engaging in further picketing. Federal Court Judge E. Gordon West, named to the bench a month prior, signed the Federal court order, and three District Court judges signed the state court order. Both orders prohibited sponsoring, financing or encouraging unlawful picketing in Baton Rouge by CORE, engaging in any congregating or marching in the streets of Baton Rouge, encouraging or partici-pating in any boycott or re-straint of trade, or doing any other act deemed designed to provoke a "breach of the peace". CORE Field Secretary Rev. B. E. Cox was charged with four offenses under Louisiana law: criminal conspiracy, disturbing the peace, obstructing public passages, and picketing before a courthouse. He was acquitted of criminal conspiracy but convicted of the other three offenses. In accordance with Louisiana procedure, the Louisiana Supreme Court reviewed his "disturbing the peace" and "obstructing public passages" convictions on certiorari, and the "courthouse picketing" conviction on appeal, and the court affirmed all three convictions. Cox appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court on the ground that all three statutes were unconstitutionally vague. This case (No. 24) addresses the "disturbing the peace" and "obstructing public passages" statutes, while the second case (No. 49) addresses the "courthouse picketing" statute. Cox appealed to the United States Supreme Court (SCOTUS). At question was: 1) Does Cox's conviction based on violation of the Louisiana statute prohibiting "disturbing the peace" violate his rights to free speech and assembly under the First and Fourteenth Amendments?; and 2) Does Cox's conviction based on violation of the Louisiana statute prohibiting "obstructing public passages" violate his rights to free speech and assembly under the First and Fourteenth Amendments?. The case was argued on October 21, 1964, and on January 18, 1965, the court decided "Yes: on both counts, ruling Louisiana's "disturbing the peace" statute is unconstitutional on its face because it is vague in its overly broad scope, and the policy of Baton Rouge law enforcement of giving officers complete discretion in enforcing the "obstructing public passages" statute deprives Cox of his constitutional rights to freedom of speech and assembly. In a decision authored by Justice Arthur J. Goldberg, the Court was unanimous in finding the "disturbing the peace" statute unconstitutionally vague, and a majority of the Court (7-2) found that Cox's conviction for "obstructing public passages" violated his First and Fourteenth Amendment rights. Justices Hugo L. Black and Tom C. Clark each filed concurring opinions as to the "disturbing the peace" statute. Justices Black and Clark also concurred as to the "obstructing public passages" conviction, with Justice Byron R. White, joined by Justice John M. Harlan, dissenting as to that issue. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/king-a-filmed-record--montgomery-to-memphis-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Homosexuals (1966) Mike Wallace Gore Vidal MP4 Video Download DVD
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1973: Sexuality: Homosexuality: The American Psychiatric Association: The DSM-II (Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders, Second Edition): -- The American Psychiatric Association votes 13-0 to remove homosexuality from its official list of psychiatric disorders, the DSM-II (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Second Edition). In 1952, the APA listed homosexuality in the DSM as a sociopathic personality disturbance. Homosexuality: A Psychoanalytic Study of Male Homosexuals, a large-scale 1962 study of homosexuality by Irving Bieber and other authors, was used to justify inclusion of the disorder as a supposed pathological hidden fear of the opposite sex caused by traumatic parent-child relationships. This view was influential in the medical profession. In 1956, however, the psychologist Evelyn Hooker performed a study comparing the happiness and well-adjusted nature of self-identified homosexual men with heterosexual men and found no difference. Her study stunned the medical community and made her a heroine to many gay men and lesbians, but homosexuality remained in the DSM until May 1974. As described by Ronald Bayer, a psychiatrist and gay rights activist, specific protests by gay rights activists against the APA began in 1970, when the organization held its convention in San Francisco. The activists disrupted the conference by interrupting speakers and shouting down and ridiculing psychiatrists who viewed homosexuality as a mental disorder. In 1971, gay rights activist Frank Kameny worked with the Gay Liberation Front collective to demonstrate at the APA's convention. At the 1971 conference, Kameny grabbed the microphone and yelled: "Psychiatry is the enemy incarnate. Psychiatry has waged a relentless war of extermination against us. You may take this as a declaration of war against you." This gay activism occurred in the context of a broader anti-psychiatry movement that had come to the fore in the 1960s and was challenging the legitimacy of psychiatric diagnosis. Anti-psychiatry activists protested at the same APA conventions, with some shared slogans and intellectual foundations as gay activists. Taking into account data from researchers such as Alfred Kinsey and Evelyn Hooker, the sixth printing of the DSM-II, in 1974, no longer listed homosexuality as a category of disorder. After a vote by the APA trustees in 1973, and confirmed by the wider APA membership in 1974, the diagnosis was replaced with the category of "sexual orientation disturbance". On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-homosexuals-dvd-mike-wallace-1966-tv-documen1966.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Cathay
Videos: China VAV The U.S. Video Set DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15, 1978: China: The History Of China: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: Taiwan-United States Relations: -- U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will recognize the People's Republic Of China and sever diplomatic relations with Taiwan. This resulted in The Joint Communique On The Establishment Of Diplomatic Relations, dated January 1, 1979, in which the United States transferred diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing. The US reiterated the Shanghai Communique's acknowledgment of the Chinese position that there is only one China and that Taiwan is a part of China; Beijing acknowledged that the American people would continue to carry on commercial, cultural, and other unofficial contacts with the people of Taiwan. The US Embassy in Taipei was 'migrated' to Beijing and the Taiwanese Embassy in the US was closed. Following the termination of diplomatic relations, the United States terminated its Mutual Defense Treaty with Taiwan on January 1, 1980. At the height of the Sino-Soviet Split, and at the start of the reform and opening of People's Republic Of China, the United States strategically switched diplomatic recognition from the Republic Of China (ROC) to the People's Republic Of China (PRC) to counter the political influences and military threats from the Soviet Union. On April 10, 1979, U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed into law the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA), which created domestic legal authority for the conduct of unofficial relations with Taiwan. U.S. commercial, cultural, and other interaction with the people on Taiwan is facilitated through the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), a private nonprofit corporation. The institute has its headquarters in the Washington, DC area and has offices in Taipei and Kaohsiung. It is authorized to issue visas, accept passport applications, and provide assistance to U.S. citizens in Taiwan. A counterpart organization, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (TECRO), has been established by Taiwan. It has its headquarters in Taipei, the representative branch office in Washington, DC, and 11 other Taipei Economic and Cultural Offices (TECO) in the continental U.S. and Guam. The Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) continues to provide the legal basis for the unofficial relationship between the U.S. and Taiwan, and enshrines the U.S. commitment to assisting Taiwan maintain its defensive capability. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/cathay-videos-china-vav-the-us-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Sandy Becker TV Kid Shows Collection DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025
December 15: National Cupcake Day: -- An
annual recognition during the holiday season of the what was
originally known as the 1-2-3-4 cake, because the recipe called
for 1 cup of butter, 2 cups of sugar, 3 cups of flour, 4 eggs, and
also 1 cup of milk, and 1 spoonful of baking soda. Even the word
cupcake sounds like a miniature celebration! They've been known by
other phrases, too, such as Fairy Cakes, Patty Cakes, and Cup
Cakes (different from the one-word Cupcakes). Someone must have
wanted to surprise a loved one with a sweet, single-serving treat
when they invented the cupcake! One of the first recipes for a
cupcake can be traced back to 1796. A recipe notation for a cake
to be baked in small cups was written in American Cookery (by
Amelia Simmons). The earliest known documentation of the term
cupcake shows up in 1828 in Seventy-five Receipts for Pastry,
Cakes, and Sweetmeats. The cookbook was by Eliza Leslie. Bakers
originally baked cupcakes in heavy pottery cups. Today, some
bakers still use individual ramekins, small coffee mugs, larger
teacups, or other small ovenproof pottery-type dishes for baking
their cupcakes. They do make a beautiful presentation for these
miniature cakes. Today, cupcakes are an artform. Bakers create
elaborate decorations and displays utilizing a variety of
ingredients. Whether they're the centerpiece of a wedding,
birthday, or anniversary cupcakes satisfy everyone's sweet tooth.
Colorful and fun, these single-serving delights offer a pleasing
option when planning any celebration. The single-serve cake makes
it convenient for serving and sharing. Today there are a variety
of recipes and just as many flavors to choose from! When it comes
to celebrating National Cupcake Day, you are only limited by your
imagination. For the bakers out there, it is time to make a batch
of your favorite cupcakes. Some bakers may want to step out of
their routine and bake something new. Have you been hankering to
spice up your cupcakes a bit? Sometimes we need an explosion of
flavor or a little extra sparkle in our baking. Since cupcakes are
such a simple recipe, it is also an excellent time to invite the
kids into the kitchen. They will love mixing and decorating their
individual cakes. That's what's so special about a cupcake.
Another great way to celebrate National Cupcake Day is sending a
shout out to your local bakery. They will be baking up batches of
colorful and flavorful cupcakes! Be sure to stop in and pick up a
dozen to share. Let them know how much you appreciate them, too.
While you're baking or shopping, be sure to share your favorite
cupcake flavors. There are just so many to choose from!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Orson Welles Radio Anthology MP3 MegaSet DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15: National Wear Your Pearls
Day: -- Originally conceived by bestselling author DeAnna Bookert,
who found her calling to the ministry in the middle of her college
career. Literal pearls are not necessary to celebrate the day.
It's about the adversity we all must go through in our lives which
doesn't defeat us but makes us more valuable and beautiful. Just
as a grain of sand inside an oyster causes the formation of a
precious gem, the pearl, National Wear Your Pearls Day is the
ideal time to assess yourself for what you are - a resilient,
resourceful, and beautiful human being. It was 2015 the first time
National Wear Your Pearls Day got its recognition. The founder of
the holiday, DeAnna Bookert, had started her career in corporate
offices and could have stayed there to continue her success, but
then she found something that was more important to her: sharing
her love of Jesus Christ and of her fellow man through
inspirational speaking and writing. That was back in 2008. As for
the history of actually wearing pearls, it has an interesting
past. Officially the world's oldest gem, pearls have been revered
since long before written history. For this reason, their
discovery cannot be attributed to one person in particular, but it
is believed that they were first discovered by people searching
for food along the seashore. We know that they have been worn as a
form of adornment for millennia thanks to a fragment of pearl
jewelry found in the sarcophagus of a Persian princess that dates
back to 420 BC, which is now on display at the Louvre in Paris.
Pearls were presented as gifts to Chinese royalty as early as 2300
BC, while in ancient Rome, pearl jewellery was considered the
ultimate status symbol. So precious were the spherical gems that
in the 1st century BC, Julius Caesar passed a law limiting the
wearing of pearls only to the ruling classes. The abundance of
natural oyster beds in the Persian Gulf meant that pearls also
carried great importance in Arab cultures, where legend stated
that pearls were formed from dewdrops that were swallowed by
oysters when they fell into the sea. Before the advent of cultured
pearls, the Persian Gulf was at the center of the pearl trade and
it was a source of wealth in the region long before the discovery
of oil. Now, although the concept behind National Wear Your Pearls
Day doesn't require any religious affiliation or actual act of
wearing pearls, the day only needs our own recognition of what
we've been through in life to make as the individuals we are. But,
if you have real pearls, by all means, show them off today!
https://store.earthstation1.com/orson-welles-radio-mp3-dvd-complete-broadcast3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old
Time Radio Comedy MegaSet MP3 Collection DVD, Download, USB
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1943: #DOTD: #RIP: Fats
Waller, African American jazz pioneer, pianist, organist,
composer, singer, and comedic entertainer, one of the most
important figures in American and world musical history (b. 1904)
#dies of pneumonia in Kansas City, Missouri at the age of 39 while
traveling aboard the famous cross-country Los Angeles - Chicago
train the Super Chief near Kansas City, Missouri, ten days after
his last radio appearance was broadcast on The Edgar
Bergen-Charlie McCarthy Show. His final recording session was with
an interracial group in Detroit, Michigan, that included white
trumpeter Don Hirleman. Waller was returning to New York City from
Los Angeles, after the smash success of the movie Stormy Weather,
and after a successful engagement at the Zanzibar Room in Santa
Monica, California, during which he had fallen ill. More than
4,200 people were estimated to have attended his funeral at
Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, which prompted the church's
pastor, Adam Clayton Powell Jr., who delivered the eulogy, to say
that Fats Waller "always played to a packed house."
Afterwards, he was cremated and his ashes were scattered over
Harlem from an airplane piloted by an unidentified African
American World War I aviator. One of his descendants is his great
grandson, professional football player Darren Waller. Born Thomas
Wright Waller in New York City, his innovations in the Harlem
stride style laid the groundwork for modern jazz piano, and his
compositions were among the greatest of his day. His best-known
songs, "Ain't Misbehavin'" and "Honeysuckle Rose",
became instant Jazz repetoire standards, and they were inducted
into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1984 and 1999. He appeared ten
days before he died on The Egard Bergen And Charley McCarthy radio
show, which performance is contained in its entierety on
EarthStation1 MediaOutlet's Old Time Radio Comedy MegaSet.
https://store.earthstation1.com/old-time-radio-comedy-mp3-dvd-megaset-2-dis32.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Roswell Incident (The Roswell UFO Incident) MP4 Video Download DVD
Today. December 15, 2025December 14, 1940: The European Civil
War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater
Of World War II): Nuclear Weapons Programs Of The United States:
The Manhattan Project (Codename: Development Of Substitute
Materials): Chemical Elements: Plutonium (Pu, Pu-238): --
Plutonium (specifically Pu-238) is first synthesized and isolated
at the University of California, Berkeley. The Manhattan Project
that developed the first atomic bombs during World War II began
shortly after the discovery. Producing plutonium in useful
quantities for the first time was a major part of the Manhattan
Project. The Fat Man bombs used in the Trinity nuclear test in
July 1945, and in the bombing of Nagasaki in August 1945, had
plutonium cores. Since uranium had been named after the planet
Uranus and neptunium after the planet Neptune, element 94 was
named after Pluto, which at the time was considered to be a planet
as well. Wartime secrecy prevented the University of California
team from publishing its discovery until 1948. Plutonium is the
element with the highest atomic number to occur in nature.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-roswell-incident-the-roswell-ufo-incident-mp4-video-download-dv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Russian
Right Stuff: Soviet Space Program TV Series DVD, Download, USB
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1959: Rocket Launches: The
History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: Intercontinental
Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs): Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
(ICBMs) Of The Soviet Union: The R-7 Rocket Family: The R-7
Semyorka (Russian: R-7 Siemiorka): -- The first strategic-missile
unit goes on alert status for the first time when they launch a
R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile, from
their base at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast in
the north-west of the USSR. They became operational on February 9,
1959, and were fully deployed by 1962. The R-7 made 28 launches
between 1957 and 1961. A derivative, the R-7A, was deployed from
1959 to 1968. In modified form, it launched Sputnik 1, the first
artificial satellite, into orbit, and became the basis for the R-7
family which includes Sputnik, Luna, Molniya, Vostok, and Voskhod
space launchers, as well as later Soyuz variants. More R-7 rockets
have been launched than any other family of large rockets, and
virtually all Soviet space flights used it. The widely used
nickname for the R-7 launcher, "Semyorka", means "the
7" in Russian.
https://store.earthstation1.com/russian-right-stuff-dvd-set-space-program-secret-history-2-disc2.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Future
Wars: Then And Now - Foreseen Warcraft Today MP4 Download DVD
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 2005: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: Aircraft Service
Entries: -- The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor enters service as the
F-22A with the United States Air Force (USAF). The Lockheed Martin
F-22 Raptor is an American single-seat, twin-engine, supersonic
all-weather stealth fighter aircraft developed for the United
States Air Force. As a product of the USAF's Advanced Tactical
Fighter (ATF) program the aircraft was designed as an air
superiority fighter, but also incorporates ground attack,
electronic warfare, and signals intelligence capabilities. The
prime contractor, Lockheed Martin, built most of the F-22's
airframe and weapons systems and conducted final assembly, while
Boeing provided the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and
training systems. On September 7, 1997, the first Lockheed Martin
F-22 Raptor, tail number 4001, was unveiled at Dobbins Air Reserve
Base in Marietta, Georgia, and made the aircraft's maiden flight.
The aircraft was variously designated F-22 and F/A-22 before it
formally entered service as the F-22A. Although the USAF had
originally planned to buy a total of 750 ATFs, the program was cut
to 187 production aircraft in 2009 due to high costs, a lack of
air-to-air missions at the time of production, and the development
of the more affordable and versatile F-35. The last F-22 was
delivered in 2012. While it had a protracted development and
initial operational difficulties, the F-22 has become a critical
component of the USAF's tactical airpower. The fighter's
combination of stealth, aerodynamic performance, and mission
systems enabled a leap in air combat capabilities and set the
benchmark for its generation.
https://store.earthstation1.com/future-wars-then-and-now--foreseen-warcraft-today-mp4-download-dv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: US
Fleet Submarines Of The Pacific War MP4 Video Download DVD
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1945: Naval History: The
History Of The United States Navy: The New United States Navy (The
New Navy, The United States Navy 1885-Present): Naval
Decommissions: Submarines (Subs): The USS Pampanito
(SS-383/AGSS-383): The USS Pampanito, a Balao-class submarine who
completed six war patrols from 1944 to 1945 and served as a United
States Naval Reserve training ship from 1960 to 1971, now a
National Historic Landmark, preserved as a memorial and museum
ship in the San Francisco Maritime National Park Association
located at Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco, California, the
third United States Navy ship named for the pompano fish, is
decommissioned at Mare Island Naval Shipyard on San Pablo Bay in
the San Francisco Bay area of the city of Vallejo, California. The
USS Pampanito's keel was laid down on March 15, 1943 at the
Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine. She was launched on July
12, 1943 sponsored by Mrs. Violet Wolfenden of Waltham,
Massachusetts, wife of William Sellers Park Sr., and she was
commissioned on November 6, 1943. Pampanito earned six battle
stars for World War II service. She remained in reserve until
April 1960, when she was assigned to Naval Reserve Training at
Mare Island Naval Shipyard. Reclassified AGSS-383 on November 6,
1962, she served as a Naval Reserve Training ship at Vallejo,
California, until she was stricken from the Navy Register on
December 20, 1971. She is now an honored National Historic
Landmark. The United States Navy's Balao-class submarines were the
greatest long-range submarines of World War II. They were named
for the balao, a small schooling marine fish, and with 120 boats
completed, the Balao class is the largest class of submarines in
the United States Navy. An improvement on the earlier Gato class,
the boats had slight internal differences. The most significant
improvement was the use of thicker, higher yield strength steel in
the pressure hull skins and frames, which increased their test
depth to 400 feet (120 m); Balao Class submraine USS Tang actually
achieved a depth of 612 ft (187 m) during a test dive, and
exceeded that test depth when taking on water in the forward
torpedo room while evading a destroyer.
https://store.earthstation1.com/us-fleet-submarines-of-the-pacific-war-mp4-video-download-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Music & Dance Shows #15 Ready Steady Go Vol II DVD MP4 Flash
Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1939: #BOTD: #HBD! Dave
Clark, English drummer, songwriter, entrepreneur and record
producer of the Dave Clark Five is #born David Clark in Tottenham,
a large district of North London, England. Clark was the leader,
drummer and manager of the 1960s beat group the Dave Clark Five,
the first British Invasion band to follow the Beatles to America
in 1964. Clark left school without qualifications at the age of 15
and became a film stuntman, performing in over 40 films. In the
late 1950s Clark bought himself a set of drums, taught himself how
to play them, and formed a skiffle band to raise funds so that his
football team could travel to the Netherlands. The skiffle band
grew into the Dave Clark Five with Clark their leader,
co-songwriter, manager and producer. The Dave Clark Five grew in
popularity in the UK. They unseated the Beatles' "I Want to
Hold Your Hand" from its number one spot in the UK singles
charts in January 1964 with "Glad All Over". The British
press, briefly, called them the Beatles' "most serious
threat". The Dave Clark Five were the first British Invasion
band to follow the Beatles to America in 1964, where they achieved
14 top 20 hits, 8 of which were consecutive. They also appeared on
The Ed Sullivan Show more times than any other English group. Dave
Clark became a popular name for babies in the 1960s. Andrew Loog
Oldham, former manager of the Rolling Stones (and a customer of
EarthStation1 MediaOutlet), said of the band's early success as
rivals to the Beatles, "If the Beatles ever looked over their
shoulders, it was not the Stones they saw. They saw the Dave Clark
5 or Herman's Hermits." The band broke up in 1970 and in
1972, Clark stopped drumming after he broke four knuckles in a
tobogganing accident. He later wrote a science fiction stage
musical, Time, which debuted in 1986. It played for two years in
London's West End, starring Cliff Richard (replaced later by David
Cassidy). The musical also launched a concept album called Time
which featured Richard, Freddie Mercury, Leo Sayer, Stevie Wonder
and Dionne Warwick. Two million copies were sold and it spun off
several hit singles. Clark is an entrepreneur and a
multi-millionaire. He owns a 12M Pound Sterling house in West
London. From the outset, Clark owned the rights to all the Dave
Clark Five music masters. In the late 1960s, in addition to
managing his band, Clark began directing and producing for
television. In 1968 he made a television production, Hold On, It's
the Dave Clark Five. In the 1980s he acquired the rights to the
1960s UK music show Ready Steady Go!. On the release of a (DC5)
British hits album in the mid-'70s, Clark resided in the US for a
year, thus avoiding paying UK taxes in Britain on the proceeds of
that release. The British government challenged this but lost the
case in court. In 1993, Clark released remastered versions of all
the Dave Clark 5 singles on a CD, Glad All Over Again. Companies
House lists him as director of several companies. Clark was a
close friend of Queen lead singer Freddie Mercury, whom he had
known since 1976. Clark had taken over the bedside vigil of
Mercury when Mercury died on November 24, 1991. Others who were by
Freddie's bedside were partner Jim Hutton (1946-2010), personal
assistant Peter Freestone and one time partner and friend, Joe
Fanelli. In 2008, marking the 50th anniversary of the founding of
the band, the Dave Clark Five was inducted into The Rock And Roll
Hall Of Fame. Clark, making a rare public appearance, and the two
other surviving band members at the time accepted the award on
behalf of the group. In 2014 Clark wrote, produced, appeared in,
and partly presented, the 115-minute documentary The Dave Clark
Five and Beyond: Glad All Over.
https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-15-ready-steady-go-ii-d15.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Music & Dance Shows #8 American Action DVD, MP4, USB Flash
Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 2022: #DOTD: #RIP: Dino
Danelli, American drummer and visual artist, best known as an
original member and the drummer in the rock group The Young
Rascals (b. July 23, 1944) #dies from coronary artery disease and
congestive heart failure at a rehabilitation facility in Manhattan
after a period of declining health. He was 78. His remains were
cremated; the final disposition of his ashes are unknown. Dino
Danelli was born into an Italian American family in Jersey City,
New Jersey. A jazz drummer by training, Danelli had played with
Lionel Hampton and was playing R & B in New Orleans by 1961.
He returned to New York in 1962 with a band called Ronnie Speeks &
the Elrods. He also worked at times with such legendary performers
as Little Willie John. Danelli met Eddie Brigati (a pickup singer
on the local R & B circuit), and Felix Cavaliere (a
classically trained pianist) in 1963. Later that year, Danelli and
Cavaliere traveled to Las Vegas to try their luck with a casino
house band. They remained there until early 1964, but then
ventured back to New York City. In late 1964, Danelli teamed with
Cavaliere, Brigati and a Canadian-born guitarist named Gene
Cornish to form the Young Rascals. Cavaliere and Danelli traveled
to Las Vegas in January 1963/64 to back up singer Sandu Scott and
her Scottys, but returned to NYC in February 1964. That month they
debuted with the Young Rascals at the Choo Choo Club in Garfield,
New Jersey. In addition to playing drums (before Cavaliere and
Brigati began composing original music), Danelli and Cavaliere
often scouted new repertory that the group could perform. In a
1988 interview, he cited their trips to record stores as yielding
such songs as "Mustang Sally" and "Good Lovin'."
He was with the Rascals for seven years (1965-72). Along with
Cornish, Danelli formed the group Bulldog in 1972 and they
produced two albums before disbanding in 1975. Danelli joined the
Leslie West Band for a short time along with bassist Busta Cherry
Jones, formerly of Gang Of Four. Danneli and Cornish then joined
the group Fotomaker in 1978 (initially with ex-Raspberries member
Wally Bryson). By 1980, Danelli joined Steven Van Zandt as a
member of Little Steven & The Disciples of Soul. After
performing with Cavaliere and Cornish at the Atlantic Records 40th
Anniversary concert on May 14, 1988, there was a short-lived
Rascals reunion tour later that year without Brigati. All four
original members came together to perform at their induction to
The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 1997 and then once again on
April 24, 2010, for the Kristen Ann Carr Fund dinner at the
Tribeca Grill in Tribeca, New York City. He reunited with his
bandmates before his death. The Rascals appeared at the Capital
Theater in Port Chester, NY for six shows in December 2012 and for
fifteen dates at the Richard Rogers Theatre on Broadway (April 15
- May 5, 2013). Their last production, entitled 'Once Upon A
Dream', toured North America (Toronto, Los Angeles, Phoenix,
Chicago, Detroit, Rochester, and New York City). It was produced
by long-time Rascals fans, Steven Van Zandt and his wife Maureen.
In 1999, Danelli produced a series of tracks for New York
singer-songwriter Roxanne Fontana, which were released as an album
entitled Love Is Blue on Etoile Records. He was also a visual
artist, based at DinoDanelliArt.com, and he designed album covers
for The Rascals and Little Steven & the Disciples of Soul.
https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-8-where-american-action-is-dv8.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic
Old Time Radio Commercials MP3 Set CD, Download, USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 2001: #DOTD: #RIP: Rufus
Thomas, African American rhythm-and-blues, funk, soul and blues
singer, songwriter, dancer, DJ and comic entertainer from Memphis,
Tennessee (b. March 26, 1917) #dies aged 84 of heart failure at
St. Francis Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. He is buried next to
his wife Lorene, who died in 2000, at the New Park Cemetery in
Memphis. Rufus C. Thomas, Jr. was born in Cayce, Mississippi. He
recorded for several labels, including Chess Records and Sun
Records in the 1950s, before becoming established in the 1960s and
1970s at Stax Records. He is best known for his novelty dance
records, including "Walking the Dog" (1963), "Do
the Funky Chicken" (1969), and "(Do the) Push and Pull"
(1970). According to the Mississippi Blues Commission, "Rufus
Thomas embodied the spirit of Memphis music perhaps more than any
other artist, and from the early 1940s until his death... occupied
many important roles in the local scene." He began his career
as a tap dancer, vaudeville performer, and master of ceremonies in
the 1930s. He later worked as a disc jockey on radio station WDIA
in Memphis, both before and after his recordings became
successful. He remained active into the 1990s and as a performer
and recording artist was often billed as "The World's Oldest
Teenager". He was the father of the singers Carla Thomas
(with whom he recorded duets) and Vaneese Thomas and the keyboard
player Marvell Thomas.
https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-radio-commercials-old-time-radio-mp3-c3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Outer
Space Mission MP3 MegaSet DVD, Audio Download, USB Flash Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1965: Rocket Launches: The
History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: Space
Programs Of The United States: Human Spaceflight Programs: Project
Gemini: Gemini 6A (Gemini VI-A): -- Gemini 6A, crewed by Wally
Schirra and Thomas Stafford, is launched at 13:37:26 UTC atop a
Gemini-Titan II GLV (Gemini Launch Vehicle) from Cape Kennedy
Launch Complex 19 (LC-19) at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Four orbits
later, it achieves the first space rendezvous, with Gemini 7,
crewed by Frank F. Borman, II and James A. Lovell. Gemini 6A
(officially Gemini VI-A) was a 1965 crewed United States
spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program. The mission achieved the
first crewed rendezvous with another spacecraft, its sister Gemini
7. Although the Soviet Union had twice previously launched
simultaneous pairs of Vostok spacecraft, these established radio
contact with each other, but they had no ability to adjust their
orbits in order to rendezvous and came no closer than several
kilometers of each other, while the Gemini 6 and 7 spacecraft came
as close as one foot (30 cm) and could have docked had they been
so equipped. Gemini 6A was the fifth crewed Gemini flight, the
13th crewed American flight, and the 21st crewed spaceflight of
all time (including two X-15 flights over 100 kilometers (54
nautical miles)). Gemini 7 (officially Gemini VII) was a 1965
crewed spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program. It was the fourth
crewed Gemini flight, the twelfth crewed American spaceflight, and
the twenty-first crewed spaceflight including Soviet flights and
X-15 flights above the Karman line. The crew of Frank Borman and
Jim Lovell spent nearly 14 days in space, making a total of 206
orbits. Their spacecraft was the passive target for the first
crewed space rendezvous performed by the crew of Gemini 6A.
https://store.earthstation1.com/outer-space-mission-mp3-dvd-megaset-4-dis34.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: D-Day
Radio Broadcasts 24 Hrs Of News + Songs & More DVD MP3 USB
Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1962: #DOTD: #RIP: Charles
Laughton, English-American stage, radio and film actor, film
director, film producer and soldier (b. July 1, 1899) #dies at his
Hollywood home of renal cancer at the age of 63. His body is
buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills,
California. Charles Laughton was born in Scarborough, North Riding
Of Yorkshire, England, the son of Yorkshire hotel keepers Robert
Laughton (1869-1924) and Eliza (nee Conlon; 1869-1953). A blue
plaque marks his birthplace. Laughton served in World War I,
during which he was gassed, serving first with the 2/1st Battalion
of the Huntingdonshire Cyclist Battalion, and then with the 7th
Battalion of the Northamptonshire Regiment. Laughton was trained
in London at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and first appeared
professionally on the stage in 1926. In 1927, he was cast in a
play with his future wife Elsa Lanchester, with whom he lived and
worked until his death. He played a wide range of classical and
modern parts, making an impact in Shakespeare at the Old Vic. His
film career took him to Broadway and then Hollywood, but he also
collaborated with Alexander Korda on notable British films of the
era, including The Private Life of Henry VIII, for which he won
the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of the title
character. He portrayed everything from monsters and misfits to
kings. Among Laughton's biggest film hits were The Barretts of
Wimpole Street, Mutiny on the Bounty, Ruggles of Red Gap, Jamaica
Inn, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Big Clock, and Witness for
the Prosecution. Daniel Day-Lewis cited Laughton as one of his
inspirations, saying: "He was probably the greatest film
actor who came from that period of time. He had something quite
remarkable. His generosity as an actor; he fed himself into that
work. As an actor, you cannot take your eyes off him." In his
later career, he took up stage directing, notably in The Caine
Mutiny Court-Martial, and George Bernard Shaw's Don Juan in Hell,
in which he also starred. He directed one film, the thriller The
Night of the Hunter, which after an initially disappointing
reception is acclaimed today as a film classic.
https://store.earthstation1.com/dday-broadcasts-mp3-dvd-all-24-hours-plus-highlights-and-so324.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Walt
Disney: The Story Of Robin Hood (1956) DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1966: #DOTD: #RIP: Walt
Disney, American entrepreneur, animation pioneer, animator, voice
actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter and Freemason,
cofounder of The Walt Disney Company (b. December 5, 1901) #dies
at Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center, a Catholic hospital in
Burbank, California, of circulatory collapse caused by lung
cancer, aged 65. His remains were cremated two days later and his
ashes interred at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale,
California. Born Walter Elias Disney at 1249 Tripp Avenue, in
Chicago's Hermosa neighborhood, he was a pioneer of the American
animation industry, and introduced several developments in the
production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the
record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won
22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden
Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other
honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film
Registry by the Library of Congress. Born in Chicago in 1901,
Disney developed an early interest in drawing. As a little boy, he
liked to draw farm animals. He took art classes as a boy and got a
job as a commercial illustrator at the age of 18. He moved to
California in the early 1920s and set up the Disney Brothers
Studio with his brother Roy. With Ub Iwerks, Walt developed the
character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first highly popular success;
he also provided the voice for his creation in the early years. In
1928, he produced Steamboat Willie, starring Mickey Mouse, in the
first cartoon with synchronized sound. As the studio grew, Disney
became more adventurous, introducing synchronized sound,
full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons and
technical developments in cameras. The results, seen in features
such as his full length animated film Snow White and the Seven
Dwarfs (1937), Pinocchio, Fantasia (both 1940), Dumbo (1941), and
Bambi (1942), furthered the development of animated film. New
animated and live-action films followed after World War II,
including the critically successful Cinderella (1950) and Mary
Poppins (1964), the latter of which received five Academy Awards.
In the 1950s, Disney expanded into the amusement park industry,
and in 1955 he opened Disneyland in Anaheim, California. To fund
the project he diversified into television programs, such as Walt
Disney's Disneyland and The Mickey Mouse Club; he was also
involved in planning the 1959 Moscow Fair, the 1960 Winter
Olympics, and the 1964 New York World's Fair. In 1965, he began
development of another theme park, Disney World, the heart of
which was to be a new type of city, the "Experimental
Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT). Disney was a heavy
smoker throughout his life and died of lung cancer in December
1966 before either the park or the EPCOT project were completed.
Five years after his death, Disney World opened in Florida,
featuring EPCOT. The company he founded has since grown into a
global entertainment empire. Disney was a shy, self-deprecating
and insecure man in private but adopted a warm and outgoing public
persona. He had high standards and high expectations of those with
whom he worked. Although there have been accusations that he was
racist or anti-Semitic, they have been contradicted by many who
knew him. His reputation changed in the years after his death,
from a purveyor of homely patriotic values to a representative of
American imperialism. He nevertheless remains an important figure
in the history of animation and in the cultural history of the
United States, where he is considered a national cultural icon.
His film work continues to be shown and adapted; his namesake
studio and company maintains high standards in its production of
popular entertainment, and the Disney amusement parks have grown
in size and number to attract visitors in several countries.
https://store.earthstation1.com/walt-disney39s-disneyland-the-story-of-robin-hood-1956-391956.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Pride
Of The Bowery 1940 East Side Kids DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1940: Aesthetics: Performing
Arts: Premieres: Film Premieres: American Film Premieres: -- Pride
Of The Bowery, the fourth installment in the East Side Kids film
series, is released by Monogram Pictures; it was released in the
United Kingdom under the title Here We Go Again, which was the
final line of the film. Pride Of The Bowery was filmed in
black-and-white on location in Arizona. Despite referencing the
previous film with having Muggs take up boxing, there are
noticeable continuity gaps (mainly with Scruno as a CCC member,
rather than an East Side Kid. Despite only having a small cameo,
East Side Kid Eugene Francis was contractually obligated to appear
in this film. Bobby Stone's first East Side Kids film. Stone would
initially alternate between playing East Side Kid members and
villains. By 1942, he became a full-fledged East Side Kid.
https://store.earthstation1.com/pride-of-the-bowery-dvd-east-side-kids-bowery-boys.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC
Radio Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1947: #BOTD: #HBD! Bob
Berryhill, American guitarist and songwriter, member of the
American surf rock band The Surfaris and co-writer and recording
artist of The Surfari hit song "Wipe Out" and other
Surfaris' hits, is #born. The Surfaris were formed in Glendora,
California in 1962. They are best known for two songs that hit the
charts in the Los Angeles area, and nationally by May 1963:
"Surfer Joe" and "Wipe Out", which were the
A-side and B-side of the same 45 rpm single. The Surfaris were
inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2019 for
their hit instrumental song, "Wipe Out".
https://store.earthstation1.com/wabc-musicradio-shows-mp3-dvd-60s80s-am-360807775.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: 50
Years Together: Channel 2 And You WCBS-TV (1991) DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 1971: #BOTD: Tawana Brawley,
African American woman who accused four white men of kidnapping
and raping her over a 4-day period in November 1987 when she was
15 years old, is #born Tawana Vicenia Brawley in New York City. On
November 28, 1987, Brawley was found in a trash bag after having
been missing for four days from her home in Wappingers Falls, New
York. She had racial slurs written on her body and was covered in
feces. Her charges that four white men had kidnapped and serially
raped her received widespread national attention in part because
of the appalling condition in which she had been left, her young
age (15), and the professional status of the persons she accused
of the crime (including police officers and a prosecuting
attorney). Brawley's advisers-Al Sharpton, Alton H. Maddox, and C.
Vernon Mason-also helped in bringing the case to national
prominence. After hearing evidence, a grand jury concluded in
October 1988 that Brawley had not been the victim of a forcible
sexual assault, and that she herself may have created the
appearance of such an attack. Steven Pagones, the New York
prosecutor whom Brawley had accused as being one of her
assailants, later successfully sued Brawley, and her three
advisers, for defamation. Brawley received considerable support
from the African American community. Some academics have suggested
that Brawley was victimized by biased reporting that had credited
racial stereotypes. The mainstream media's coverage drew heated
criticism from the African American press, and from many black
leaders who professed to believe the teenager and her narrative.
The grand jury's conclusions decreased support for Brawley and her
advisers; Brawley's family have continued to assert that the
allegations were true.
https://store.earthstation1.com/50-years-together-channel-2-amp-you-dvd-wcbstv-new-y502.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Hollywood The Golden Years: The RKO Story DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 2013: #DOTD: #RIP: Joan
Fontaine, English-American actress best known for her roles in
Hollywood films during the Golden Age of Hollywood who appeared in
more than 45 films in a career that spanned five decades, the
younger sister of actress Olivia de Havilland, the two of them
being the only siblings to win an oscar, and whose rivalry was
well-documented in the media at the height of Fontaine's career,
the only actress to win an Oscar in an Alfred Hitchcock film (b.
October 22, 1917) #dies in her sleep of natural causes at the age
of 96 in her Carmel Highlands, California home. Her longtime
friend Noel Beutel said, "She had been fading in recent days
and died peacefully." After Fontaine's death, Olivia de
Havilland released a statement saying she was "shocked and
saddened" by the news. Her remains were cremated; the final
disposition of her ashes are not publicly disclosed other than
that they were scattered. Joan Fontaine was born Joan de Beauvoir
de Havilland was born on October 22, 1917, in Tokyo City, in the
then Empire of Japan, to English parents. Her father, Walter de
Havilland (1872-1968), was educated at the University of Cambridge
and served as an English professor at the Imperial University in
Tokyo before becoming a patent attorney. Her mother, Lilian
Augusta Ruse de Havilland Fontaine (1886-1975), was educated at
the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and became a stage
actress who left her career after going to Tokyo with her husband.
Her mother returned to work with the stage name "Lilian
Fontaine" after Joan and her elder sister Olivia de Havilland
achieved prominence in the 1940s. Joan's paternal cousin was Sir
Geoffrey de Havilland (1882-1965), an aircraft designer known for
the de Havilland Mosquito, and founder of the aircraft company
which bore his name. Her paternal grandfather, the Reverend
Charles Richard de Havilland, was from a family from Guernsey, in
the Channel Islands. She began her film career in 1935, signing a
contract with RKO Pictures. Fontaine received her first major
roles in The Man Who Found Himself (1937) and in Gunga Din (1939).
Her career prospects improved greatly after her starring role in
Alfred Hitchcock's Rebecca (1940), for which she received her
first of three nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress.
The following year, she won that award for her role in Hitchcock's
Suspicion (1941). A third nomination came with The Constant Nymph
(1943). She appeared mostly in drama films through the 1940s,
including Letter from an Unknown Woman and the comedy You Gotta
Stay Happy (both 1948), which she co-produced with her second
husband William Dozier through their film production company
Rampart Productions. In the next decade, after her role in Ivanhoe
(1952), her film career began to decline and she moved into stage,
radio and television roles. She appeared in fewer films in the
1960s, which included Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961), and
her final film role in The Witches (1966), also known as The
Devil's Own. She released an autobiography, No Bed of Roses, in
1978, and continued to act until 1994. Having won an Academy Award
for her role in Suspicion, Fontaine is the only actress to have
won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister
remain the only siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards.
Fontaine and her elder sister, Olivia de Havilland, are the only
siblings to have won lead acting Academy Awards. Olivia was the
first to become an actress; when Fontaine tried to follow her
lead, their mother, who favored Olivia, refused to let Joan use
the family name. Subsequently, Fontaine had to invent a name,
taking first Joan Burfield. When she appeared in the play Call It
a Day, she was credited as Joan Fontaine, having assumed her
mother's (Lilian Fontaine) stage name. Biographer Charles Higham
records that the sisters had an uneasy relationship from early
childhood, when Olivia would rip up the clothes Joan had to wear
as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to sew them back together. A large
part of the friction between the sisters stemmed from Fontaine's
belief that Olivia was their mother's favorite child. De Havilland
and Fontaine were both nominated for the Academy Award for Best
Actress in 1942. Fontaine won for her role in Alfred Hitchcock's
Suspicion over de Havilland's performance in Hold Back the Dawn.
Higham states that Fontaine "felt guilty about winning given
her lack of obsessive career drive ...". Higham has described
the events of the awards ceremony, stating that as Fontaine
stepped forward to collect her award, she pointedly rejected de
Havilland's attempts to congratulate her and that de Havilland was
both offended and embarrassed by her behaviour. Fontaine, however,
tells a different story in her autobiography, explaining that she
was paralyzed with surprise when she won the Academy Award, and
that de Havilland insisted that she get up to accept it. "Olivia
took the situation very graciously", Fontaine wrote. "I
was appalled that I'd won over my sister." Several years
later, however, de Havilland apparently remembered what she
perceived as a slight and exacted her own revenge by brushing past
Fontaine, who was waiting with her hand extended, because de
Havilland took offense at a comment Fontaine had made about de
Havilland's husband. Contrary to press reports, the sisters
continued their relationship after the 1940s. After Fontaine's
separation from her husband in 1952, de Havilland went to her
apartment in New York often, and at least once they spent
Christmas together there, in 1961. They were photographed laughing
together at a party for Marlene Dietrich in 1967. Fontaine also
visited de Havilland in Paris in 1969. The sisters reportedly did
not completely stop speaking to each other until 1975, after their
mother's funeral, to which Joan, who was out of the country, was
not invited. Both sisters largely refused to comment publicly
about their relationship. In a 1978 interview, however, Fontaine
said of the sibling rivalry, "I married first, won the Oscar
before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid
because I beat her to it!" The following year, in a 1979
interview, Fontaine claimed the reason her sister and she stopped
speaking to each other was that de Havilland wanted their mother
(who was suffering from cancer) to be treated surgically at the
advanced age of 88, which Fontaine apparently did not think was a
good idea. Fontaine claims that after their mother died, de
Havilland did not bother to try to find where Fontaine could be
reached (Fontaine was on tour in a play). Instead, de Havilland
sent a telegram, which did not arrive until two weeks later at
Fontaine's next stop. According to Fontaine, de Havilland did not
invite her to a memorial service for their mother. De Havilland
claims she informed Fontaine, but Fontaine brushed her off,
claiming she was too busy to attend. Higham records that Fontaine
had an estranged relationship with her own daughters, as well,
possibly because she discovered that they were secretly
maintaining a relationship with de Havilland.
https://store.earthstation1.com/hollywood-the-golden-years-the-rko-story-dvd-set-2-disc2.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Great Upset Of '48 Truman Vs Dewey POTUS Election DVD Download USB
Today. December 15, 2025December 15, 2002: Discrimination: Racial
Discrimination: -- The family of former Senator of South Carolina
Strom Thurmond, a man who gained fame and infamy as an
arch-segregationist, acknowledges that Ms. Essie Mae
Washington-Williams was indeed his unacknowledged bi-racial
daughter. Essie Mae Washington-Williams (nee Butler; October 12,
1925 - February 4, 2013) was an American teacher and author. She
was the eldest child of Strom Thurmond, Governor of South Carolina
(1947-1951) and longtime United States senator known for his
pro-segregation politics. Of mixed race, she was born in
Edgefield, South Carolina to Carrie Butler, a 16-year-old
African-American girl who worked as a domestic servant for
Thurmond's parents, and Thurmond, then 22 and unmarried. Essie Mae
grew up in the family of one of her mother's sisters, not learning
of her biological parents until 1938 when her mother came for a
visit and informed Essie Mae she was her mother. She graduated
from college, earned a master's degree, married, raised a family,
and had a 30-year professional career in education.
Washington-Williams did not reveal her father's identity until she
was almost 78 years old, after Thurmond's death at the age of 100
in 2003. Though he had little to do with her upbringing, he had
paid for her college education and took an interest in her and her
family all his life. In 2005, she published her autobiography,
Dear Senator: A Memoir by the Daughter of Strom Thurmond, which
was nominated for the National Book Award and a Pulitzer Prize.
Washington-Williams in Columbia, South Carolina, at age 87. She is
buried at Celestial Memorial Gardens in West Columbia, South
Carolina.
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