Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: An Old
Time Radio Halloween Broadcast MP3 Set CD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31: Allhallowtide (Hallowtide,
Allsaintstide, The Hallowmas Season): All Saints' Eve: -- The
Western Christian season encompassing the triduum of All Saints'
Eve (Halloween), All Saints' Day (All Hallows') and All Souls'
Day, oberved by Roman Catholicis and some Lutherans and Anglicans,
begins a month which also includes The International Day Of Prayer
For The Persecuted Church (observed on the first Sunday of
November) and Remembrance Sunday (observed on the second Sunday in
November) in some traditions. The period begins on 31 October
annually. Allhallowtide is a "time to remember the dead,
including martyrs, saints, and all faithful departed Christians."
The present date of Hallowmas (All Saints' Day) and thus also of
its vigil (Hallowe'en) was established for Rome perhaps by Pope
Gregory III (731-741) and was made of obligation throughout the
Frankish Empire by Louis the Pious in 835. Elsewhere, other dates
were observed even later, with the date in Ireland being 20 April.
In the early 11th century, the modern date of All Souls' Day was
popularized, after Abbot Odilo established it as a day for the
monks of Cluny and associated monasteries to pray for the dead. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Olsen and
Johnson's Fireball Fun-For-All TV Series DVD, MP4 USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31: Halloween: -- Halloween or
Hallowe'en (a contraction of Hallows' Even or Hallows' Evening),
also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve or All Saints' Eve,
is a celebration observed in several countries on 31 October, the
eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day. It begins
the three-day observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the
liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including
saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed. It is
widely believed that many Halloween traditions originated from
ancient Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic festival
Samhain; that such festivals may have had pagan roots; and that
Samhain itself was Christianized as Halloween by the early Church.
Some believe, however, that Halloween began solely as a Christian
holiday, separate from ancient festivals like Samhain. Halloween
activities include trick-or-treating (or the related guising and
souling), attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins
into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple bobbing,
divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions,
telling scary stories, as well as watching horror films. In many
parts of the world, the Christian religious observances of All
Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting
candles on the graves of the dead, remain popular, although
elsewhere it is a more commercial and secular celebration. Some
Christians historically abstained from meat on All Hallows' Eve, a
tradition reflected in the eating of certain vegetarian foods on
this vigil day, including apples, potato pancakes, and soul cakes.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Celts
TV Series On Celtic History & Culture DVD Download USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31: Samhain: -- Beginning at
nightfall and continuing until sunset on November 1 every year,
Samhain is considered one of the most important festivals of the
ancient Celtic religion. Samhain is considered to be the time when
gods become visible to humankind, and they tend to play tricks on
their worshipers. This day used to be a day of fear and danger.
Sacrifices were one of the vital rites of the festival as Celts
believed they were essential to prevail over the perils before
them that the deities could have laid down. For the ancient Celts,
Samhain was an agricultural festival that marked the time when
summer ended, and people took stock of the food before winter.
With the end of the harvest season, it was also considered a time
of supernatural intensity when the forces of darkness walked on
Earth. Ancient Celtic people used to build large bonfires, hoping
to please the gods who would safeguard their livestock and harvest
in return. It is also a festival of separation between summer and
winter, the light and the dark. It was believed that the normal
order of the universe is suspended during Samhain. The barrier
between the physical world and the spirit world ceased to exist
during this day, which allowed for communication between humans
and spirits. To avoid the spirits, Celts disguised themselves in
costumes that consisted of animal heads, skins, and horns so that
spirits would consider them fellow supernatural beings and not
humans. Animals were sacrificed to please the Celtic deities, and
people used to take coals from the central fire of bonfires to
light their hearths. In the 7th century, Pope Boniface IV created
All Saints Day, which a century later was moved to November 11 -
it acted as a Christian substitute to Samhain. Before the saintly
celebration was observed on the day of All Hallows Eve or
Halloween. From Celtic regions, the holiday started to spread to
other places. By the 1800s, the fall festival which marked the
seasonal harvest started to have Halloween elements and Irish
immigrants, who were escaping the Potato Famine, brought many
Halloween traditions to America, which popularized this festival.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Batman And
Robin And The Great Super Heroes 1989 DVD MP4 Download USB
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31: Bat Appreciation Month: --
Did you know that bats are the only mammals that can truly fly?
Bat Appreciation Month, which concludes today, celebrates these
unique creatures and their vital role in our environment. Bats are
not just skilled insect hunters. They are also crucial pollinators
and seed dispersers for many plants, including those that give us
fruits like bananas and the agave plant, which is used to make
tequila. With over 1,300 species worldwide, bats help keep
ecosystems balanced by controlling pest populations and supporting
the growth of new vegetation. However, bats face many challenges,
including habitat loss and disease. This month, learn about bats'
importance and support efforts to protect them. You can get
involved by building bat houses, participating in bat-watching
events, or simply spreading the word about these misunderstood
animals. Bat Appreciation Month reminds us of the crucial role
bats play in nature and encourages everyone to contribute to their
conservation. Bat Appreciation Month was created to raise
awareness about the importance of bats and to promote their
conservation. It began as a response to the decline in bat
populations during the 1960s and 1970s. Merlin Tuttle, a bat
biologist, founded Bat Conservation International (BCI) in 1982 to
address this issue. BCI aimed to educate the public about the
benefits bats bring to ecosystems and to counter the negative
myths surrounding them.The exact start date of Bat Appreciation
Month is unclear, but it has been celebrated every October for
many years. The month-long observance encourages people to learn
more about these creatures and their vital roles, such as
pollinating plants and controlling insect populations. Without
bats, many ecosystems would struggle to survive. October was
chosen for Bat Appreciation Month because it's often associated
with Halloween and bats are commonly misunderstood as spooky
creatures. The month provides an opportunity to change this
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: NBC
University Theater Of The Air Literature Radio Series MP3 DVD USB
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31: Books For Treats Day: --
Annually encourages the giving of books to children on a day when
we ordinarily give candies as treats! Books For Treats Day favors
giving books, and is supported mostly by the non-profit
organization Books for Treats. The organization encourages adults
to give books to children who go trick-or-treating on Halloween
day. When you give books to children on Halloween, you inspire
them to read more while also helping them to reduce the intake of
candies. By doing so, you're helping to feed their minds. Books
For Treats Day was born from the belief that books are a more
valuable treat than candy on Halloween. Books are more beneficial
to children than candies because they nourish the mind and equip
the child to understand life better. The holiday was inspired by
Rebecca Morgan, the founder of Books for Treats, a non-profit
movement. The idea was to step outside the tradition of giving
candies on Halloween, so Rebecca Morgan began giving books as
treats in 1995 from her home in Willow Glen. She liked the idea of
books because it was a treat that lasted longer than candies or
toys. Being a best-selling author herself, she knew the value of
books, especially in a child's life. So, when she saw a box of
gently read books at a local library, she didn't hesitate to
purchase them. She sorted the books according to grades to make
them age-appropriate for children who came trick-or-treating. Many
people welcomed her idea, which prompted her to launch Books For
Treats in 2001. According to her, it was important to "feed
kids' minds, not their cavities." The movement continued to
grow across the U.S. while also gaining some popularity in Canada.
In 2009, the movement gained huge momentum when she convinced Greg
Evans, the "Luann" comic creator, to promote Books For
Treats and encourage more people to give books to little children.
Most of the books given are gently read, and many are cheap to
get, especially from thrift shops. Morgan also noticed how excited
kids were about books and how they'd even offer to swap books
after reading them. It inspired her to push the movement even
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The World:
A Television History Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31 - October 31: National Arts &
Humanities Month: -- Last day of National Arts & Humanities
Month, established in 1993 and is celebrated every October in the
United States. It was initiated to encourage Americans to explore
new facets of the arts and humanities in their lives, and to begin
a lifelong habit of participation in the arts and humanities. It
has become the nation's largest collective annual celebration of
the arts and humanities. National Arts and Humanities Month's four
goals are: 1) FOCUSING: To create a national, state and local
focus on the arts and humanities through the media, 2)
ENCOURAGING: To encourage the participation of individuals, as
well as arts, humanities and other organizations nationwide, 3)
ALLOWING: To provide an opportunity for federal, state and local
business, government and civic leaders to declare their support
for the arts and humanities, and 4) RAISING: To establish a highly
visible vehicle for raising public awareness about the arts and
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hate On
Trial: SPLC Vs WAR Trial + Skinhead USA MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31: Hate Crimes Awareness Month:
-- The FBI's 2024 crime report identified 11,862 hate crime
incidents in 2023, the most since the bureau started collecting
the data in 1991. While the FBI's annual reports show only a small
increase in hate-fueled crimes, they mark a continuing rise. To
highlight this alarming trend, the Southern Poverty Law Center has
designated the entire month of October as Hate Crimes Awareness
Month and will conduct an annual campaign to alert the public,
advocates, policymakers and politicians to the problem. We'll also
press for specific actions to prevent hate crimes and provide
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Before
Stonewall The Making Of A Gay And Lesbian Community DVD MP4 USB
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31: LGBTQ+ History Month: -- The
last day of October's annual observance of lesbian, gay, bisexual
and transgender history, and the history of the gay rights and
related civil rights movements. It was founded in 1994 by Missouri
high-school history teacher Rodney Wilson. LGBTQ+ History Month
provides role models, builds community, and represents a civil
rights statement about the contributions of the LGBTQ+ community.
As of 2022, LGBTQ+ History Month is a month-long celebration that
is specific to Australia, Canada, Cuba, Finland, Germany, Hungary,
Italy, United Kingdom and the US. In the United States, Canada,
and Australia, it is celebrated in October to coincide with
National Coming Out Day on 11 October and to commemorate the first
and second marches on Washington in 1979 and 1987 for LGBT rights.
In Hungary and the United Kingdom, including Scotland, Northern
Ireland, and Wales, it is observed during February; in the UK this
coincides with a major celebration of the 2003 abolition of
Section 28. In Berlin, the capital of Germany, it is known as
Queer History Month and is celebrated in May. ========= October 1,
1989: Denmark introduces the world's first legal modern same-sex
civil union called "registered partnership", becoming
the first country in the world to enact legislation that provided
same-sex couples with almost all of the rights and benefits of
marriage. By June 15, 2012, same-sex marriage became legal in
Denmark. A bill for the legalization of same-sex marriages was
introduced by the Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet, and approved by the
Folketing on June 7, 2012. It received royal assent by Queen
Margrethe II on June 12 and took effect three days later. Denmark
was the eleventh country in the world to legalize same-sex
marriage. Same-sex marriage is also legal in the two other
constituent countries of the Danish Realm: Greenland (effective
April 1, 2016) and The Faroe Islands (effective July 1, 2017). On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Revelation: The History Of Christianity DVD, Video Download, USB
Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31: Reformation Day: -- October
31, 1517: Religion: The History Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions:
Christianity: Protestantism: The Reformation (The Protestant
Reformation, The European Reformation): -- An annual commemoration
of the legendary (see below) date on which the 15th century when a
German monk, aggrieved by the activities of the Catholic Church,
especially the sale of indulgences as penance, nailed his
arguments, named "The 95 Theses" to the door of
Wittenberg's Castle Church, an event considered to be the genesis
of The Protestant Reformation, also known as The Reformation, and
of Protestant Christianity. The Ninety-Five Theses (95 Theses),
also known as The Disputation On The Power And Efficacy Of
Indulgences, is a list of propositions for an academic disputation
written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral
theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany. The Theses is
retrospectively considered to have launched the Protestant
Reformation and the birth of Protestantism, despite various
proto-Protestant groups having existed previously. It detailed
Luther's opposition to what he saw as the Roman Catholic Church's
abuse and corruption by Catholic clergy, who were selling plenary
indulgences, which were certificates supposed to reduce the
temporal punishment in purgatory for sins committed by the
purchasers or their loved ones. In the Theses, Luther claimed that
the repentance required by Christ in order for sins to be forgiven
involves inner spiritual repentance rather than merely external
sacramental confession. He argued that indulgences led Christians
to avoid true repentance and sorrow for sin, believing that they
could forgo it by obtaining an indulgence. These indulgences,
according to Luther, discouraged Christians from giving to the
poor and performing other acts of mercy, which he attributed to a
belief that indulgence certificates were more spiritually
valuable. Though Luther claimed that his positions on indulgences
accorded with those of Pope Leo X, the Theses challenge a
14th-century papal bull stating that the pope could use the
treasury of merit and the good deeds of past saints to forgive
temporal punishment for sins. The Theses are framed as
propositions to be argued in debate rather than necessarily
representing Luther's opinions, but Luther later clarified his
views in the Explanations of the Disputation Concerning the Value
of Indulgences. Luther sent the Theses enclosed with a letter to
Albert of Brandenburg, Archbishop of Mainz, on October 31, 1517, a
date now considered the start of the Reformation and commemorated
annually as Reformation Day. Luther may have also posted the
Ninety-five Theses on the door of All Saints' Church and other
churches in Wittenberg - in accordance with University custom - on
October 31, as memorialized on Reformation Day, or in
mid-November, as the date of his nailing his 95 Theses are not
certain. Owing to the newly available printing press, The Theses
were quickly reprinted and distributed throughout Germany, and
after being translated, distributed throughout Europe. They
initiated a pamphlet war with the indulgence preacher Johann
Tetzel, which spread Luther's fame even further. Luther's
ecclesiastical superiors had him tried for heresy, which
culminated in his excommunication in 1521. Though the Theses were
the start of the Reformation, Luther did not consider indulgences
to be as important as other theological matters which would divide
the church, such as justification by faith alone and the bondage
of the will. His breakthrough on these issues would come later,
and he did not see the writing of the Theses as the point at which
his beliefs diverged from those of the Roman Catholic Church. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Romantic Spirit TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31, 1795: #BOTD: #HBD! John
Keats, English Romantic poet (d. February 23, 1821) is #born in
Moorgate, London, England on Halloween. He was one of the main
figures of the second generation of Romantic poets, along with
Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, despite his works having been
in publication for only four years before his death at age 25 in
the year 1821. Although his poems were not generally well received
by critics during his lifetime, his reputation grew after his
death, and by the end of the 19th century, he had become one of
the most beloved of all English poets. He had a significant
influence on a diverse range of poets and writers. The poetry of
Keats is characterised by sensual imagery, most notably in the
series of odes that aimed to accentuate extreme emotion through
the emphasis of natural imagery. Today his poems and letters are
some of the most popular and most analysed in English literature.
Some of the most acclaimed works of Keats are "I Stood
Tip-toe Upon A Little Hill", "Sleep And Poetry",
and the famous sonnet "On First Looking Into Chapman's
Homer". John Keats died of acute tuberculosis in Rome, Papal
States, aged 25. His body is buried in the city's Protestant
Cemetery. His last request was to be placed under a tombstone
bearing no name or date, only the words, "Here lies One whose
Name was writ in Water." His friends Joseph Severn, an
English portrait and subject painter, and Charles Armitage Brown,
erected the stone, which under a relief of a lyre with broken
strings, includes the epitaph: "This Grave / contains all
that was Mortal, / of a / YOUNG ENGLISH POET, / Who, / on his
Death Bed, / in the Bitterness of his Heart, / at the Malicious
Power of his Enemies, / Desired / these Words to be engraven on
his Tomb Stone / Here lies One / Whose Name was writ in Water /
Feb 24th 1821 (sic)". The text bears an echo from Catullus
LXX:" What a woman says to a passionate lover / should be
written in the wind and the running water". On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: World War
1 TV Series With Robert Ryan DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31, 1917: The European Civil War:
World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World
War I): The African Theatre Of World War I: The Middle Eastern
Theater Of World War I: The Battle Of Beersheba: -- The last
successful cavalry charge in history occurs on Halloween when the
British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) attacked and
captured the Ottoman Empire's Yildirim Army Group garrison at
Beersheba in what is now southern Israel, beginning the Southern
Palestine Offensive of the Sinai and Palestine campaign of World
War I. These attacks, against the strong defenses which dominated
the eastern side of Beersheba, eventually resulted in their
capture during the late afternoon. Shortly afterwards, the
Australian Mounted Division's 4th and 12th Light Horse Regiments
(4th Light Horse Brigade) conducted a mounted infantry charge with
bayonets in their hands, their only weapon for mounted attack, as
their rifles were slung across their backs. While part of the two
regiments dismounted to attack entrenchments on Tel es Saba
defending Beersheba, the remainder of the light horsemen continued
their charge into the town, capturing the place and part of the
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Great
American Road Automotive History Films MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31, 1913: Highway Systems:
American Highway Systems: Highway Dedications: American Highway
Dedications: The Lincoln Highway: The Lincoln Highway Dedication:
-- America's first transcontinental highway for automobiles, The
Lincoln Highway, is formally dedicated on Halloween, with
bonfires, fireworks, concerts, parades, and street dances being
held in hundreds of cities in the 13 states along the route.
During a dedication ceremony in Iowa, State Engineer Thomas H.
MacDonald said he felt it was "... the first outlet for the
road building energies of this community". He went on to
advocate the creation of a system of transcontinental highways
with radial routes. In 1919, MacDonald became Commissioner of the
Bureau of Public Roads (BPR), a post he held until 1953, when he
oversaw the early stages of the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of
Interstate and Defense Highways. The Lincoln Highway was one of
the earliest transcontinental highway routes for automobiles
across the United States of America. Conceived in 1912 by Indiana
entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher, the Lincoln Highway ran
coast-to-coast from Times Square in New York City west to Lincoln
Park in San Francisco, originally through 13 states: New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska,
Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California. In 1915, the
"Colorado Loop" was removed, and in 1928, a realignment
relocated the Lincoln Highway through the northern tip of West
Virginia. Thus, there are a total of 14 states, 128 counties, and
more than 700 cities, towns and villages through which the highway
passed at some time in its history. The first officially recorded
length of the entire Lincoln Highway in 1913 was 3,389 miles. Over
the years, the road was improved and numerous realignments were
made,and by 1924 the highway had been shortened to 3,142 miles.
Counting the original route and all of the subsequent
realignments, there have been a grand total of 5,872 miles. The
Lincoln Highway was gradually replaced with numbered designations
after the establishment of the U.S. Numbered Highway System in
1926, with most of the route becoming part of U.S. Route 30 from
Pennsylvania to Wyoming. After the Interstate Highway System was
formed in the 1950s, the former alignments of the Lincoln Highway
were largely superseded by Interstate 80 as the primary
coast-to-coast route from the New York City area to San Francisco.
Several segments of the Lincoln Highway route followed historic
roads: a road laid out by Dutch colonists of New Jersey before
1675; the 1796 Lancaster Turnpike in Pennsylvania; the
Chambersburg Turnpike, over which much of The Army Of Northern
Virginia marched to reach the Gettysburg Battlefield, a part of
which is traversed by the Lincoln Highway; a British military
trail built in 1758 by General John Forbes of England from
Chambersburg to Pittsburgh during the French and Indian War, later
known as the Pittsburgh Road and the Conestoga Road; a section in
Ohio followed an ancient Indian trail known as the Ridge Road;
sections of the Mormon Trail; the Great Sauk Trail, an Indian
trail through northwest Indiana; portions of the routes of the
Cherokee Trail, Overland Trail and the Pony Express; the Donner
Pass crossing of the Sierra Nevada, named after the unfortunate
Donner Party of 1846; and an alternate Sierra Nevada crossing at
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Dictators: The Rise Of Fascism DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31, 1922: The Aftermath Of World
War I: Aftermath Of World War I In Italy: Revolutions Of
1917-1923: The Interwar Period (The Aftermath Of World War I, The
Interbellum, Between The Wars): Fascist Revolts: Riots And Civil
Disorder In Italy: Fascist And Anti-Fascist Violence In Italy
(1919-1926): Italian Fascism: The March On Rome: -- The day after
King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy appointed Benito Mussolini as
Prime Minister, Mussolini, on Halloween, takes the oath and
assumes office, thereby ending democratic rule, inaugurating
Mussolini's dictatorship over Italy under the title " Il
Duce" (Latin: "The Leader"), and handing the
Italian government over to the fascists without armed conflict. On
October 29, 1922, the infamous March On Rome, the National Fascist
Party leaders' planned insurrection against democratic rule in
Italy, descended upon Italy's capitolfor an organized mass
demonstration with fascist blackshirts. Former Prime Minister
Luigi Facta had wished to declare a state of siege, but this was
overruled by King Victor Emmanuel III. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: China In
Revolution 1911-1949 TV Series DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31, 1887: #BOTD: Chaing Kai-Shek,
romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih or Jiang Jieshi and known as Chiang
Chungcheng, Chinese Nationalist, politician, revolutionary and
military leader who served as President of the Republic Of China
between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then
in exile in Taiwan (d. April 5, 1975) is #born Chiang Chou-t'ai in
Xikou, Zhejiang province, China on Halloween. He was recognized by
much of the world as the head of the legitimate government of
China until the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was the
longest-ruling non-royal leader of China, having ruled for 46
years. Chiang was an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT),
the Chinese Nationalist Party, as well as a close ally of Sun
Yat-Sen's. Chiang became the Commandant of the Kuomintang's
Whampoa Military Academy and took Sun's place as leader of the KMT
following the Canton Coup in early 1926. Having neutralized the
party's left wing, Chiang then led Sun's long-postponed Northern
Expedition, conquering or reaching accommodations with China's
many warlords. From 1928 to 1948, Chiang served as chairman of the
National Government of the Republic Of China (ROC). Chiang was
socially conservative, promoting traditional Chinese culture in
the New Life Movement. Unable to maintain Sun's good relations
with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Chiang purged them in a
massacre at Shanghai and repressed uprisings at Kwangtung and
elsewhere. At the onset of the Second Sino-Japanese War, which
later became the Chinese theater of World War II, Zhang Xueliang
kidnapped Chiang and obliged him to establish a Second United
Front with the CCP. After the defeat of the Japanese, the
American-sponsored Marshall Mission, an attempt to negotiate a
coalition government, failed in 1946. The Chinese Civil War
resumed, with the CCP led by Mao Zedong defeating the KMT and
declaring the People's Republic Of China in 1949. Chiang's
government and army retreated to Taiwan, where Chiang imposed
martial law and persecuted critics in a period known as the "White
Terror". After evacuating to Taiwan, Chiang's government
continued to declare its intention to retake mainland China.
Chiang ruled Taiwan securely as President of the Republic Of China
upon the introduction of a new constitution in 1928 and General of
the Kuomintang until his death in 1975, just one year short of
Mao's death. Like Mao, Chiang is regarded as a controversial
figure. Supporters credit him with playing a major part in the
Allied victory of World War II and unifying the nation and a
national figure of the Chinese resistance against Japan as well as
his staunch anti-Soviet and anti-communist stance. Detractors and
critics denounce him as a dictator at the front of an
authoritarian autocracy who suppressed and purged opponents and
critics and arbitrarily incarcerated those he deemed as opposing
to the Kuomintang among others. The President of the Republic Of
China is the head of state of the Republic Of China. The ROC was
founded in 1912 in mainland China. However, after the ROC lost
control of the mainland, The Government Of The Republic Of China
relocated to Taiwan in the late 1940s. The existing office of
President was created in 1948 under the 1947 Constitution of the
Republic Of China. The first president under the constitution was
Chiang Kai-shek. Tsai Ing-wen succeeded Ma Ying-jeou on 20 May
2016 as the first female president in the nation's history. Chaing
Kai-Shek died in either the Shilin Official Residence, Shihlin
District, Taipei, Republic Of China, or in Taipei Central
Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC at the age of 87 from renal failure
aggravated with advanced cardiac failure. He had suffered a heart
attack and pneumonia in the foregoing months. A month of mourning
was declared. Chinese music composer Hwang Yau-tai wrote the
Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Song. In mainland China, however,
Chiang's death was met with little apparent mourning and Communist
state-run newspapers gave the brief headline "Chiang Kai-shek
Has Died." Chiang's body was put in a copper coffin and
temporarily interred at his favorite residence in Cihu, Daxi,
Taoyuan, now known as Cihu Mausoleum, officially known as The
Mausoleum Of Late President Chiang (President Chiang Kai-shek
Mausoleum), is the temporary resting place of President Chiang
Kai-shek; it was his intention to be buried in mainland China if
and when the KMT overthrew the PRC. His funeral was attended by
dignitaries from many nations, including American Vice President
Nelson Rockefeller, South Korean Prime Minister Kim Jong-pil and
two former Japanese prime ministers : Nobusuke Kishi and Eisaku
Sato. Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Day was established on April 5; the
memorial day was disestablished in 2007. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Dan
Rather: The JFK Assassination DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31, 1931: #BOTD: #HBD! Dan
Rather, American journalist is #born Daniel Irvin Rather Jr. in
Wharton County, Texas on Halloween. He is the former news anchor
for the CBS Evening News. He was most recently managing editor and
anchor of the television news magazine Dan Rather Reports on the
cable channel AXS TV. Rather was anchor of the CBS Evening News
for 24 years, from March 9, 1981, to March 9, 2005. He also
contributed to CBS's 60 Minutes. Rather became embroiled in
controversy about a disputed news report involving President
George W. Bush's Vietnam-era service in the National Guard and
subsequently left CBS Evening News in 2005, and he left the
network entirely after 44 years in 2006. Along with Peter Jennings
at ABC News and Tom Brokaw at NBC News, Rather was one of the "Big
Three" news anchors in the U.S. during the 1980s, 1990s and
early 2000s. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Battle
Of Britain & The Blitz Documentaries Set DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31, 1940: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): Aviation: Military Aviation: Air Warfare Of World
War II: The Battle Of Britain: -- The epic Battle Of Britain
concludes in an historic and glorious British victory on
Halloween. The Battle Of Britain began when on Adlertag (Eagle
day), August 13, 1940 Nazi Germany launched Unternehmen
Adlerangriff ("Operation Eagle Attack"), the German plan
to destroy the British Royal Air Force (RAF), in accordance with
Hitler's Directive No. 16 that ordered preparations for invasion
of Britain, codenamed Operation Sea Lion (Unternehmen Seelowe).
Before this could be carried out, air superiority or air supremacy
was required. The Luftwaffe was to destroy the RAF in order to
prevent it from attacking the invasion fleet or providing
protection for the Royal Navy's Home Fleet which might attempt to
prevent a landing by sea. Operation Eagle Attack inflicted
significant damage and casualties on the ground, but, marred by
poor intelligence and communication, they did not make a
significant impression on Fighter Command's ability to defend
British air space. Goering had promised Hitler that the Luftwaffe
would achieve the results required within days, or at worst weeks,
but these operations failed to destroy the RAF, or gain the
necessary local air superiority. As a result, Operation Sea Lion
was postponed indefinitely on September 17. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Between
The Wars TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31, 1941: The Interwar Period
(The Aftermath Of World War I, The Interbellum, Between The Wars):
The Road To War: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second
European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Battle Of
The Atlantic: The Sinking Of The USS Reuben James: -- The
destroyer USS Reuben James becomes the first U.S. Navy vessel sunk
by enemy action in World War II on Halloween - while the United
States was still a neutral nation during the Second World War -
when it is torpedoed during a dawn attack by German U-boat U-552
near Iceland while escorting British Convoy HX 156, the 156th of
the numbered series of World War II HX convoys of merchant ships
that sailed from Halifax, Nova Scotia (HX) to Liverpool, when the
Reuben James positioned itself between an ammunition ship in the
convoy and the known position of a German "wolfpack",
killing more than 100 U.S. Navy sailors. The Reuben James was hit
forward by a torpedo meant for the ammunition ship, and her entire
bow was blown off when a magazine exploded. The bow sank
immediately. The aft section floated for five minutes before going
down. Of a crew of seven officers and 136 enlisted men plus one
enlisted passenger, 100 were killed, leaving only 44 enlisted men
and no officers who survived the attack. Convoy HX 156 departed
Halifax on October 22, 1941; on October 23, USS Reuben James
(DD-245), a post-World War I, four-funnel Clemson-class destroyer,
sailed from Naval Station Argentia, Newfoundland with four other
destroyers - the Gleaves-class destroyer USS Niblack, the
Wickes-class destroyer USS Tarbell, and Benson-class destroyers
USS Benson and USS Hilary P. Jones - and met the convoy on October
24. Upon the beginning of war in Europe in September 1939, the
Reuben James was assigned to the Neutrality Patrol, guarding the
Atlantic and Caribbean approaches to the American coast. During
March 1941, Reuben James joined the force established to escort
convoys sailing to Great Britain. This force escorted convoys as
far as Iceland, after which the convoys became the responsibility
of British escorts. It was based at Hvalfjordur, Iceland,
commanded by Lieutenant Commander Heywood Lane Edwards. The USS
Reuben James was the first United States Navy ship named for
Boatswain's Mate Reuben James (c.?1776-1838), who distinguished
himself fighting in the First Barbary War. Reuben James was laid
down on April 2, 1919 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation of
Camden, New Jersey, launched on October 4, 1919, and commissioned
on September 24, 1920, with Commander Gordon W. Hines in command.
The Woody Guthrie song "The Sinking of the Reuben James"
is about the incident. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Stalin
1990 TV Series + Bonus WWII Culpability MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31, 1961: The Soviet Union (The
Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR): The History Of The
Soviet Union: The Khrushchev Thaw: De-Stalinization: The
Reinternment Of Joseph Stalin: -- Due to "violations of
Vladimir Lenin's precepts", the body of Joseph Stalin is
removed from its place of honor inside Lenin's tomb, and is
re-buried in The Kremlin Wall Necropolis near the Kremlin Wall
with a plain granite marker instead, among the graves of lesser
Soviet heroes on Halloween. This occurred as part of Russia's
de-Stalinization program under his successor, Nikita Khrushchev.
Stalin's name was also removed from public buildings, streets, and
factories. Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd. Two days after Joseph
Stalin's death, the Politburo decreed that his remains would be
placed on display in the Mausoleum; it officially reopened in
November 1953 with Lenin and Stalin side by side. Another plan
decreed in March 1953, but never implemented, called for
construction of a Pantheon in which the bodies of Lenin and Stalin
would be eventually relocated. Eight years later, following the
de-Stalinization of the Khrushchev Thaw, removal of Stalin's body
from the Mausoleum was unanimously sanctioned by the 22nd Congress
of the Communist Party. On 31 October 1961, the Mausoleum was
quickly covered with plywood. Red Square itself was closed as a
matter of routine, in preparation for the 7 November parade.
Stalin's remains were quickly re-interred in a deep grave, lined
with concrete blocks, behind the Mausoleum; the ceremony was
attended only by the state commission led by Nikolay Shvernik.
Harold Skilling, who visited the Mausoleum in November of the same
year, noted that "everyone was so curious to see the new
grave of Stalin... Unlike others, his [grave] was not yet graced
by a bust and was marked only by a tablet with the name I.V.
Stalin and dates of birth and death". The existing tomb of
Stalin carved by Nikolai Tomsky was installed in June 1970. The
Kremlin Wall is the former national cemetery of the Soviet Union
and the de facto resting place of the Soviet Union's deceased
national icons. Located in Red Square in Moscow beside the Kremlin
Wall, it is now known as The Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Burial there
was a status symbol among Soviet citizens. The practice of burying
dignitaries at Red Square ended with the funeral of General
Secretary Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985. Burials there began
in November 1917, when 240 pro-Bolsheviks who died during the
Moscow Bolshevik Uprising were buried in mass graves. The
improvised burial site gradually transformed into the centerpiece
of military and civilian honor during the Second World War. It is
centered on Lenin's Mausoleum, initially built in wood in 1924 and
rebuilt in granite in 1929-30. After the last mass burial in Red
Square in 1921, funerals there were usually conducted as state
ceremonies and reserved as the final honor for highly venerated
politicians, military leaders, cosmonauts, and scientists. In
1925-1927, burials in the ground were stopped; funerals were now
conducted as burials of cremated ash in the Kremlin wall itself.
Burials in the ground resumed with Mikhail Kalinin's funeral in
1946. The Kremlin Wall Necropolis was designated a protected
landmark in 1974. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union,
citizens of the Russian Federation and many other former
post-Soviet states continue to pay their respects to the national
heroes at the Kremlin Wall. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic
Juvenile Delinquency Films Collection MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 31, 2025
October 31: National Bullying Prevention
Month: -- Last day of the month first declared as National
Bullying Prevention Month in October 2006. Since then, October has
been a time to acknowledge that bullying has devastating effects
on children and families such as school avoidance, loss of
self-esteem, increased anxiety, and depression. Bullying can occur
in multiple ways. It can be verbal, physical, through social
exclusion, or via digital sources like email, texts, or social
media. Unlike mutual teasing or fighting, bullying occurs when one
person or a group of people is perceived as being more powerful
than another and takes advantage of that power through repeated
physical assaults, threats of harm, intimidation, or by
purposefully excluding a person from a valued social group. Being
bullied can severely affect the person's self-image, social
interactions, and school performance and can lead to mental health
problems such as depression, anxiety, and substance use, and even
suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In 2015, about 21 percent of
students ages 12-18 reported being bullied at school during the
school year. Of students ages 12-18, about 13 percent reported
that they were made fun of, called names, or insulted; 12 percent
reported being the subject of rumors; 5 percent reported that they
were pushed, shoved, tripped, or spit on; and 5 percent reported
being excluded from activities on purpose. Additionally, 4 percent
of students reported being threatened with harm, 3 percent
reported that others tried to make them do things they did not
want to do, and 2 percent reported that their property was
destroyed by others on purpose.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: In
Heaven There Is No Beer Polka Culture USA MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 31, 2025October 31: Polish American Heritage
Month: -- The last day of an annual month-long event celebrated in
October by Polish American communities. First celebrated in 1981
after organization by Michael Blichasz, President of the Polish
American Cultural Center in Philadelphia, it was originally
celebrated in August at various gatherings, travel events, and
culturally-significant locations in Pennsylvania. The Polish
American Cultural Center and the Polish American Congress lobbied
politicians at the state and national level to make August the
month for Polish heritage. In 1984, House Joint Resolution 577
passed, making August Polish American Heritage Month. President
Ronald Reagan urged all Americans to join in the celebration
honoring Polish heritage in the United States. The month was
changed to October in 1986 to aid participating schools in
organization during the school year, and October holds
significance as the month when the first Polish settlers came to
Jamestown, Virginia. Proclamations were made by Presidents Reagan
and George H.W. Bush, but beginning with Bill Clinton, U.S.
Presidents have since made proclamations for General Pulaski
Memorial Day, and official messages noting Polish American
Heritage month. Neither Barack Obama nor Donald Trump have ever
made any Proclamations or Official Messages commemorating Polish
American Heritage Month.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Fiorello La Guardia DVD Biography Documentaries DVD MP4 Video
Download
Today, October 31, 2025October 31: Italian-American Heritage And
Culture Month: -- Last day of an annual month-long celebration
officially begun by proclamation of the President and Congress in
the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of
Italian immigrants and their descendants living in the United
States, particularly in the arts, science, and culture. This
proclamation was led by the Italian senator Tate Downs. Events are
held throughout the month to celebrate and educate the public
about Italian-American history and culture. It was first
celebrated in 1989. The heritage month is in October to coincide
with Columbus Day, the American national holiday traditionally
celebrated on October 12, now celebrated on the second Monday in
October, and Leif Erikson day on October 9. Heritage Months are
usually proclaimed by nations to celebrate centuries of
contributions by a group to a country. In tribute to all Italian
Americans, the US Congress, by Pub. L. 101-128, designated the
month of October 1989 as "Italian-American Heritage And
Culture Month." Congress again proclaimed October as
Italian-American Heritage And Culture Month for 1990 (Pub. L.
101-460) and 1993/1994 (Pub. L. 103-309). Within the authority of
the Executive Branch, the President of the United States has also
issued a proclamation in 1989 and 1990 by George H. W. Bush, in
1993 by Bill Clinton, and in 2010 by Barack Obama. Most recently,
President Joe Biden proclaimed on Columbus Day 2022 that the
voyages of Christopher Columbus served as "a source of pride
for many Italian Americans whose families also crossed the
Atlantic."
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: A
Rustling Of Leaves: Inside The Philippine Revolution DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 31, 2025October 31: Filipino American History
Month (FAHM) (Filipino American Heritage Month): -- Filipino
American History Month ends, a month chosen to be celebrated in
October to commemorate the arrival of the first Filipinos who
landed in what is now Morro Bay, California on October 18, 1587,
and in honor of the birth month of Filipino American labor leader
Larry Itliong (October 25, 1913 - February 1977). In 1991,
Filipino American National Historical Society (FANHS) board of
trustees proposed the first annual Filipino American History Month
to commence in October 1992. In California and Hawaii, where many
Filipino Americans reside, Filipino American History Month
receives special annual recognition. Many Filipino American
organizations in these states often initiate their own independent
celebrations. 2006 was a pivotal year as it marked the centennial
celebration of a great Filipino migration to the United States.
While some used the term Filipino American Heritage Month
interchangeably with Filipino American History Month, FANHS cites
that the month should be properly focused on "history"
instead of "heritage." Whereas history includes the
events, experiences, and lives of people and their impact on
society, "heritage" is solely about cultural traditions
handed down from the past.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: New
York City History Documentary Collection MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 31, 2025October 31: World Cities Day: -- The aim
of this day is to raise awareness about global urbanization and
push for global cooperation in sustainable urban development.
World Cities Day aligns with the U.N.'s Sustainable Development
Goal 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities - which deals with
urban development sustainably. World Cities Day was announced by
the U.N. in 2013 and has been observed every year since. The day
brings to light the inequalities within the biggest cities in the
world and pushes for greater social inclusion, including equality
and access to services and opportunities. The first-ever cities
appeared in the fertile crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates
rivers in a land known as Mesopotamia around 7500 B.C. These
cities included Eridu, Ur, and Uruk. Soon, cities formed along the
banks of the Nile River in Egypt, the Indus River in India, and
the Huang He River in China. Cities grew in places with fertile
soil, letting early humans abandon a more nomadic lifestyle. For
the following millennia, cities continued to rise and fall across
the world. Mesopotamia turned to rubble, the Indus Valley was
deserted, and Rome rose and fell. But the institution of the city
never went away. Cities have been centers of trade, religion,
culture, and education throughout history. However, the sheer
scale of urban settlements today only became possible after the
Industrial Revolution. The revolution drove people to cities in
search of job opportunities in factories. Urban population growth
has also been supported by technological advancements - these
include the invention of steel, electricity conduction, elevators,
etc. Over half the world's population lives in cities now, and
it's more important than ever to make these people aware of how to
sustainably co-exist within cities. The U.N. has predicted that by
2030, there will be 41 megacities - cities with a population of
over 10 million people. India, with its five megacities, is
expected to house seven, other places that are bound to have
megacities spring up include the likes of Kinshasa, the capital of
the Democratic People's Republic of Congo.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Last Polka (1985) John Candy Eugene Levy DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31: John Candy Day (On October
30, 2020, Toronto Mayor John Tory proclaims "John Candy Day"
in honor of what would have been John Candy's 70th birthday.): --
#BOTD: #HBD! October 31, 1950: John Candy, Canadian comedian and
actor (d. March 4, 1994) is #born John Franklin Candy in
Newmarket, Ontario to a working-class Roman Catholic family on
Halloween, the son of Sidney James Candy of English and Scottish
descent and Evangeline (nee Aker) Candy of Polish and Ukrainian
descent. Candy rose to fame as a member of the Toronto branch of
the Second City and its related Second City Television series, and
through his appearances in such comedy films as Stripes, Splash,
Cool Runnings, Summer Rental, Home Alone, The Great Outdoors,
Spaceballs, and Uncle Buck, as well as more dramatic roles in Only
the Lonely and JFK. One of his most renowned onscreen performances
was as Del Griffith, the loquacious, on-the-move shower-curtain
ring salesman in the John Hughes comedy Planes, Trains and
Automobiles. He died of a heart attack while filming the Western
parody Wagons East! in Durango, Mexico, aged 43. His final two
films, Wagons East! and Canadian Bacon, are dedicated to his
memory. John Candy died in his sleep of a heart attack in Durango,
Mexico at the age of 43 while filming Wagons East. In addition to
his obesity, he tended to binge eat in response to professional
struggles and weighed in excess of 300 pounds (140 kg) at some
points in his life. Candy had a number of risk factors for heart
attack, including a strong family history (his father had died
prematurely of a heart attack, although his children say he was
unaware of his genetic risk), smoking a pack of cigarettes a day,
obesity, heavy alcohol use, and use of cocaine. Candy was
concerned about his weight. He once lost 100 pounds over a summer
while preparing for a new film role with Steve Martin. He
frequently dieted and exercised with trainers because of his
family history. Candy's funeral was held at St. Martin of Tours
Catholic Church in Los Angeles. Candy was entombed in the
mausoleum at Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City. His crypt lies
just above that of fellow actor Fred MacMurray. On March 18, 1994,
a special memorial service for Candy, produced by his former
improvisation troupe the Second City, was broadcast across Canada.
His final two film appearances, Wagons East and Canadian Bacon,
are dedicated to his memory.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Capitalist Cartoons Of John Sutherland MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 31, 2025October 31: World Savings Day (World
Thrift Day): -- A holiday we celebrate on every year that
highlights the necessity of saving for the future. There are many
reasons why one would need to save, including for retirement,
education, property purchase, marriage, etc. It is also good to be
prepared for unforeseen circumstances and save, even if you have
no plans for the money yet. In certain situations, saving has been
a lifesaver as it helps to overcome sudden unfortunate situations.
World Savings Day started on October 30, 1924, at the end of the
first International Thrift Congress in Milan. The day was
officially launched by Filippo Ravizza, an Italian professor, who
called it International Savings Day. The idea was quickly
supported by various associations who also saw the importance of
saving. Though there are accounts of individual countries that
observe a day for saving, World Savings Day made the idea more
universal, bringing more people on board. Also, some countries
needed encouragement due to the effects of war. However, after the
Second World War, thrifting became more popular than ever. The
importance of saving prompted banks to open their doors to more
people, especially in developing nations. Non-governmental
organizations have also been very pivotal in bringing the
importance of savings to the fore. Each year, World Savings Day
has a different theme that encapsulates the spirit of saving.
These themes encourage more people to engage in the habit of
saving. Likewise, banks and other financial institutions have come
up with several schemes that help people to save more and make
meaningful investments. On this holiday, the government and
institutions such as schools and media outlets raise awareness to
encourage more people to save. World Savings Day is also a holiday
that aims to influence children to save. Piggy banks have always
been a good idea, as it creates a sense of wealth when the
children realize how much they've saved. And let's be honest, even
adults love the idea of piggy banks!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Wonderama TV Kid Show Series Sonny Fox Bob McAllister DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, October 31, 2025October 31: National Magic Day: -- Each
year on this date, we recognizes the thrill of seeing the
performance art of the magician, taking place as it does during
National Magic Week. It is held on this date in honor of the
passing of Harry Houdini, who dies on this date in 1926. In 1938,
a Chicago member of The Society Of American Magicians sought
official permission for a Houdini Day from Houdini's wife,
Wilhelmina Beatrice "Bess" Houdini. Mrs. Houdini
sanctioned the observance, and October 31st was proclaimed
National Magic Day in Harry Houdini's memory by The Society Of
American Magicians, who sponsors National Magic Day. Magic is a
performance art entertaining audiences through the creation of
illusions. The methods of seemingly impossible or supernatural
feats use natural means. The person performing such entertainment
is called a magician or an illusionist. Humans have likely created
magical displays throughout history. One of the most renowned
magicians was Harry Houdini. Known for his *escapology, Houdini
had developed a range of stage magic tricks and made full use of
the variety of conjuring techniques, including fake equipment and
collusion with individuals in the audience. His show business
savvy was as exceptional as his showmanship. The Houdini Museum is
located in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Escapology is the practice of
escaping from restraints or other traps. Other magic categories
include: Stage illusions -a kind of large-scale performance on a
stage; Parlor magic - a performance before a medium-scale audience
such as an auditorium; Micromagic - performed close up using
coins, cards, and other small items. It's also known as close-up
or table magic. This type of performance occurs in an intimate
setting; Escapology - In this type of performance, the artist
escapes from a dangerous situation such as being submerged
underwater while handcuffed or dangling from a burning rope;
Pickpocket magic - A distraction type of performance, the artist,
makes watches, jewelry, wallets, and more disappear through
misdirection. The audience witnesses the entire event; Mentalism -
This type of performance stuns the audience with the artist's
powers of intuition, memory, memory, deduction, and other feats of
the mind; Many magicians take their talents and combine them.
Whether they take to show to the streets or entertain children,
they hone their skills in a variety of ways. Others travel with
fairs or demonstrate their skills with corporate or trade shows.
Also, audiences enjoy comedy and magic together. To observe
National Magic Day, attend a magic show or teach yourself a magic
trick or watch other magicians perform. Read a book about Harry
Houdini or another magician. Visit a magic museum. You can also:
Host a magic party; Play magical games; Share your favorite magic
trick; Dress up as a magician; And use #NationalMagicDay to post
on social media!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1926: #DOTD: #RIP: Harry
Houdini, Hungarian-born American magician, stuntman and escape
artist noted for his spectacular escape acts (b. 1874) #dies on
Halloween aged 52 some days after a tragic, foolish incident.
Witnesses to the incident at Houdini's dressing room in the
Princess Theatre in Montreal, Canada that occured on the prior
October 22 which resulted in Houdini's death corroborated that the
death was caused by Jocelyn Gordon Whitehead (1895-1954), who
repeatedly struck Houdini's abdomen. The accounts of the witnesses
were from students named Jacques Price and Sam Smilovitz
(sometimes called Jack Price and Sam Smiley). Price said that
Whitehead asked Houdini "if he believed in the miracles of
the Bible" and "whether it was true that punches in the
stomach did not hurt him". Houdini offered a casual reply
that his stomach could endure a lot. Whitehead then delivered
"some very hammer-like blows below the belt". Houdini
was reclining on a couch at the time, having broken his ankle
while performing several days earlier. Price said that Houdini
winced at each blow and stopped Whitehead suddenly in the midst of
a punch, gesturing that he had had enough, and adding that he had
had no opportunity to prepare himself against the blows, as he did
not expect Whitehead to strike him so suddenly and forcefully. Had
his ankle not been broken, he would have risen from the couch into
a better position to brace himself. Throughout the evening,
Houdini performed in great pain. He was unable to sleep and
remained in constant pain for the next two days, but did not seek
medical help. When he finally saw a doctor, he was found to have a
fever of 102 _F (39 _C) and acute appendicitis, and was advised to
have immediate surgery. He ignored the advice and decided to go on
with the show. When Houdini arrived at the Garrick Theater in
Detroit, Michigan, on October 24, 1926, for what would be his last
performance, he had a fever of 104 _F (40 _C). Despite the
diagnosis, Houdini took the stage. He was reported to have passed
out during the show, but was revived and continued. Afterwards, he
was hospitalized at Detroit's Grace Hospital. It is unclear
whether the dressing room incident caused Houdini's eventual
death, as the relationship between blunt trauma and appendicitis
is uncertain. One theory suggests that Houdini was unaware that he
was suffering from appendicitis, and might have been aware had he
not received blows to the abdomen. After taking statements from
Price and Smilovitz, Houdini's insurance company concluded that
the death was due to the dressing-room incident and paid double
indemnity (a clause or provision in a life insurance or accident
policy whereby the company agrees to pay the stated multiple
(e.g., double, triple) of the face amount in the contract in cases
of death caused by accidental means; this includes murder by a
person other than, and not in collusion with, the beneficiary of
the insurance policy, and most accidental deaths. It excludes
suicide, and deaths caused by the insured person's own gross
negligence, as well as natural causes.) Houdini's funeral was held
on November 4, 1926, in New York, with more than 2,000 mourners in
attendance. He was interred in the Machpelah Cemetery in Glendale,
Queens, with the crest of the Society Of American Magicians
inscribed on his grave site. A statuary bust was added to the
exedra in 1927, a rarity, because graven images are forbidden in
Jewish cemeteries. In 1975, the bust was destroyed by vandals.
Temporary busts were placed at the grave until 2011 when a group
who came to be called The self-named Houdini Commandos, from the
Houdini Museum in Scranton, Pennsylvania, placed a permanent bust
with the permission of Houdini's family and of the cemetery. Harry
Houdini was born Erik Weisz in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary into a
Jewish family; his parents were Rabbi Mayer Samuel Weisz
(1829-1892) and Cecilia Steiner (1841-1913). His pseudonym is a
reference to his spiritual master, French magician Robert-Houdin
(1805-1871). He first attracted notice in vaudeville in the United
States and then as "Harry 'Handcuff' Houdini" on a tour
of Europe, where he challenged police forces to keep him locked
up. Soon he extended his repertoire to include chains, ropes slung
from skyscrapers, straitjackets under water, and having to escape
from and hold his breath inside a sealed milk can with water in
it. In 1904, thousands watched as he tried to escape from special
handcuffs commissioned by London's Daily Mirror, keeping them in
suspense for an hour. Another stunt saw him buried alive and only
just able to claw himself to the surface, emerging in a state of
near-breakdown. While many suspected that these escapes were
faked, Houdini presented himself as the scourge of fake
spiritualists. As President of the Society Of American Magicians,
he was keen to uphold professional standards and expose fraudulent
artists. He was also quick to sue anyone who imitated his escape
stunts. Houdini made several movies but quit acting when it failed
to bring in money. He was also a keen aviator and aimed to become
the first man to fly a powered aircraft in Australia.
https://store.earthstation1.com/clive-james39-fame-in-the-20th-century-tv-series-dvd-set-mp4-usb-39204.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Historical View A Legacy In Pictures JPG Image Set CD Download USB
Today, October 31, 2025October 31: Chronology: Calendars: The
Months Of The Year: -- October ends, tenth month of the year in
the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the latter being the most
widely used calendar in the world. October succeeds September and
precedes November. In the Northern hemisphere, the middle of the
meteorological autumn is on October 1; in the Southern hemisphere,
the middle of the meteorological spring is the same date. October
retained its name (from Latin and Greek octo meaning "eight")
because it was the 8th month in the original ten-month Roman
calendar under Romulus in 753 BC, with March being the first month
of the year. About 700 BC, it became the tenth month when January
and February were added to the year before March by King Numa
Pompilius. Ancient Roman observances for October include on
October 5 one of three Mundus Patet (Latin: "Opening Of The
World"), often shortented to Mundus ("The World"),
the opening of a pit, supposedly dug and sealed by Romulus as part
of Rome's foundation rites, by moving the Lapis Manalis (Latin,
"Stone Of The Manes [Stone Of The Blessed Dead]"), a
pair of sacred stones used in the Roman religion -- one the cover
to the gate of the underworld the other a rainmaking stone -- at
the Umbilicus Urbis Romae (Classical Latin: "Navel Of The
City Of Rome"), the symbolic centre of the city located in
the Comitium, the original open-air public meeting space of
Ancient Rome of major religious and prophetic significance. The
umbilicus served as a reference point from which, and to which,
all distances in Ancient Rome were measured, situated in the Roman
Forum where its remnants can still be seen beside The Arch Of
Septimius Severus and the Vulcanal, an 8th-century BC sacred
precinct on the future site of the Roman Forum, behind the Rostra,
a large platform built in the city of Rome for speakers to stand
on; originally covered in marble, the Umbilicus is now a
forlorn-looking brick core some 2 metres high and 4.45 metres in
diameter. Interpretation of the Mundus is problematic; it was
normally sealed, and was ritually opened only on three occasions
during the year -- August 24, October 5, and November 8, during
which time spirits of the blessed dead (the Manes) were able to
commune with the living -- and when opened, the pit served as a
cache for offerings to underworld deities, particularly Ceres,
goddess of the fruitful earth. It offered a portal between the
upper and lower worlds; its shape was said to be an inversion of
the dome of the upper heavens. Other Ancient Roman observances for
October include Meditrinalia October 11, in honor of the new
vintage, which was offered as libations to the gods for the first
time each year; Augustalia, a festival celebrated between the 2nd
and the 12th of October in honour of Augustus, the first Roman
emperor; October Horse on October 15, an animal sacrifice to Mars
coinciding with the end of the agricultural and military
campaigning season; and Armilustrium on October 19, a festival in
honour of Mars, the god of war. These dates do not correspond to
the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the Anglo-Saxons, October was
known as Winterfylleth, because at this full moon, winter was
supposed to begin. October corresponds partly to the month of
Vendemiaire and partly to the month of Brumaire of The French
Republican Calendar. October's birthstones are the tourmaline and
opal. Its birth flower is the calendula. The zodiac signs are
Libra (until October 22) and Scorpio (from October 23 onward).
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-historical-view-a-legacy-in-pictures-jpg-photo-cd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Apollo
11: The Movie 1996 MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1930: #BOTD: #HBD! Michael
Collins, American test pilot, US Air Force Major General,
astronaut who flew the Apollo 11 command module Columbia around
the Moon in 1969 while his crewmates, Neil Armstrong and Buzz
Aldrin, made the first crewed landing on the surface (d. April 28,
2021) is #born on Halloween in Rome, Kingdom of Italy. He
graduated in the Class of 1952 from the United States Military
Academy. He joined the United States Air Force, and flew F-86
Sabre fighters at Chambley-Bussieres Air Base, France. He was
accepted into the U.S. Air Force Experimental Flight Test Pilot
School at Edwards Air Force Base in 1960, also graduating from the
Aerospace Research Pilot School (Class III). Selected as part of
NASA's third group of 14 astronauts in 1963, Collins flew in space
twice. His first spaceflight was on Gemini 10 in 1966, in which he
and Command Pilot John Young performed orbital rendezvous with two
spacecraft and undertook two extravehicular activities (EVAs, also
known as spacewalks). On the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, he became one
of 24 people to fly to the Moon, which he orbited thirty times. He
was the fourth person (and third American) to perform a spacewalk,
the first person to have performed more than one spacewalk, and,
after Young, who flew the command module on Apollo 10, the second
person to orbit the Moon alone. After retiring from NASA in 1970,
Collins took a job in the Department of State as Assistant
Secretary Of State for Public Affairs. A year later, he became the
director of the National Air and Space Museum, and held this
position until 1978, when he stepped down to become undersecretary
of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1980, he took a job as vice
president of LTV Aerospace. He resigned in 1985 to start his own
consulting firm. Along with his Apollo 11 crewmates, Collins was
awarded the Presidential Medal Of Freedom in 1969 and the
Congressional Gold Medal in 2011. Michael Collins died of cancer
at his home in Naples, Florida, at the age of 90. He is buried at
Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.
https://store.earthstation1.com/apollo-11-the-movie-1996-mp4-video-downl1119964.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Outer
Space Films 5: Apollo Moon Exploration Films DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 2023: #DOTD: #RIP: Ken
Mattingly, American aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot,
rear admiral in the United States Navy, and astronaut who flew on
Apollo 16 and Space Shuttle STS-4 and STS-51-C missions (b. March
17, 1936) dies in Arlington, Virginia of undisclosed causes, aged
87. NASA announced his death two days later on November 2. His
burial details are also undisclosed. Ken Mattingly was born Thomas
Kenneth Mattingly II in Chicago, Illinois. Mattingly was scheduled
to fly on the Apollo 13 mission, but three days before launch, he
was replaced by Jack Swigert because he was exposed to German
measles (which Mattingly did not contract). Mattingly flew as
Command Module Pilot for Apollo 16 and made 64 lunar orbits,
making him one of 24 people known to have flown to the Moon.
Mattingly and his Apollo 16 commander, John Young, are the only
people to have flown to the Moon and also a Space Shuttle mission
(Fred Haise, his former training crewmate from Apollo 13,
performed atmospheric flight testing of the Space Shuttle Approach
and Landing Tests). During Apollo 16's return flight to Earth,
Mattingly performed an extravehicular activity (EVA) to retrieve
film cassettes from the exterior of the spacecraft, the command
and service module. It was the second "deep space" EVA
in history, at great distance from any planetary body. As of 2023,
it remains one of only three such EVAs which have taken place, all
during the Apollo Program's J-Missions (missions involving
"Extensive scientific investigation of Moon on lunar surface
and from lunar orbit" conducted by Apollo 15, 16 and 17).
https://store.earthstation1.com/outer-space-films-5-apollo-moon-exploration-dv5.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: World's
Fair And Exposition Films Collection DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1934: Grand Finales: World's
Fair Grand Finales: The Chicago World's Fair (Century Of Progress,
Officially A Century of Progress International Exposition): -- The
Chicago World's Fair concludes in Chicago, Illinois, having run
since May 27, 1933. The fair, registered under the Bureau
International des Expositions (BIE), celebrated the city's
centennial. Designed largely in Art Deco style, the theme of the
fair was technological innovation, and its motto was "Science
Finds, Industry Applies, Man Conforms", trumpeting the
message that science and American life were wedded. Its
architectural symbol was the Sky Ride, a transporter bridge
perpendicular to the shore on which one could ride from one side
of the fair to the other. One description of the fair noted that
the world, "then still mired in the malaise of the Great
Depression, could glimpse a happier not-too-distant future, all
driven by innovation in science and technology". Fair
visitors saw the latest wonders in rail travel, automobiles,
architecture and even cigarette-smoking robots. The exposition
"emphasized technology and progress, a utopia, or perfect
world, founded on democracy and manufacturing."
https://store.earthstation1.com/world39s-fair-and-exposition-films-d39.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Divided Union: American Civil War TV Series MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1879: #DOTD: #RIP: Joseph
Hooker, American career United States Army officer, major general
in the Union Army during the American Civil War, who though he
served throughout the war, usually with distinction, is best
remembered for his stunning defeat by Confederate General Robert
E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 (b. November 13,
1814) #dies on Halloween on a visit to Garden City, New York, and
is buried in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio, his wife's
hometown. Joseph Hooker was born in Hadley, Massachusett, into a
family of entirely English ancestry, all of whom had been in New
England since the early 1600s, the grandson of a captain in the
American Revolutionary War. He distinguished himself as an
aggressive combat commander leading a division in the Battle of
Williamsburg, May 5, 1862, resulting in his promotion to major
general. As a corps commander, he led the initial Union attacks at
the Battle Of Antietam, in which he was wounded. At the Battle of
Fredericksburg, he commanded a "Grand Division" of two
corps, and was ordered to conduct numerous futile frontal assaults
that caused his men to suffer serious losses. Throughout this
period, he conspired against and openly criticized his army
commanders. Following the defeat at Fredericksburg, he was given
command of The Army Of The Potomac. Hooker planned an audacious
campaign against Robert E. Lee, but he was defeated by the
Confederate Army at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Hooker
suddenly lacked the nerve to marshal the strength of his larger
army against Lee, who boldly divided his army and routed a Union
corps with a flank attack by Stonewall Jackson. Hooker began to
pursue Lee at the start of the Gettysburg Campaign, but his poor
performance at Chancellorsville prompted Abraham Lincoln to
relieve him from command just prior to the Battle Of Gettysburg.
He returned to combat in November, leading two corps from The Army
Of The Potomac to help relieve the besieged Union Army at
Chattanooga, Tennessee, and achieving an important victory at the
Battle Of Lookout Mountain during the Chattanooga Campaign. He
continued in the Western Theater under Maj. Gen. William T.
Sherman, but departed in protest before the end of the Atlanta
Campaign when he was passed up for promotion to command the Army
Of The Tennessee. Hooker became known as "Fighting Joe"
following a journalist's clerical error reporting from the Battle
of Williamsburg; however, the nickname stuck. His personal
reputation was as a hard-drinking ladies' man, and his
headquarters were known for parties and gambling, although the
historical evidence discounts any heavy drinking by the general
himself. There is a popular legend that "hooker" as a
slang term for a prostitute is derived from his last name because
of parties and a lack of military discipline at his headquarters
near the Murder Bay district of Washington, DC. Some versions of
the legend claim that the band of prostitutes that followed his
division were derisively referred to as "General Hooker's
Army" or "Hooker's Brigade." However, the term
"hooker" was used in print as early as 1845, years
before Hooker was a public figure, and is likely derived from the
concentration of prostitutes around the shipyards and ferry
terminal of the Corlear's Hook area of Manhattan in the early to
middle 19th century, who came to be referred to as "hookers".
The prevalence of the Hooker legend may have been at least partly
responsible for the popularity of the term. There is some evidence
that an area in Washington, DC, known for prostitution during the
Civil War, was referred to as "Hooker's Division". The
name was shortened to "The Division" when he spent time
there after First Bull Run guarding D.C. from incursion. After the
war, Hooker led Lincoln's funeral procession in Springfield on May
4, 1865. He served in command of the Department of the East and
Department of the Lakes following the war. His postbellum life was
marred by poor health and he was partially paralyzed by a stroke.
He was mustered out of the volunteer service on September 1, 1866,
and retired from the U.S. Army on October 15, 1868, with the
regular army rank of major general.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-divided-union-american-civil-war-tv-series-3-dual-layer-dvd3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Communism With Tanks: Hungarian & East Bloc Revolutions DVD,
MP4, USB
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1956: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Eastern Bloc (The Communist Bloc, The
Socialist Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): Cold War Rebellions:
Anti-Communist Insurgencies In Central And Eastern Europe: The
Hungarian Revolution Of 1956 (The Hungarian Uprising): -- A
Revolutionary Headquarters is established in Hungary on Halloween.
Following Imre Nagy's announcement of October 30, banned
non-Communist political parties are reformed, and the MDP is
replaced by the MSZMP. Jozsef Mindszenty is released from prison.
The Soviet Politburo secretly makes the decision to crush the
Revolution. On October 28, 1956, a de facto ceasefire that lasted
until November 4 came into effect between armed revolutionaries
and Soviet troops who had begun to withdraw from Budapest, leading
many Hungarians to believe that Soviet military units were
withdrawing from Hungary. Communist officials and facilities came
under attack by revolutionaries. To realize their political,
economic, and social demands, the local soviets (councils of
workers) assumed control of municipal government from the
Hungarian Working People's Party (Magyar Dolgozok Partja). The new
government of Imre Nagy disbanded the AVH, declared the Hungarian
withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact, and pledged to re-establish free
elections. By the end of October the intense fighting had
subsided. Although initially willing to negotiate the withdrawal
of the Soviet Army from Hungary, the USSR repressed the Hungarian
Revolution on November 4, 1956, and fought the Hungarian
revolutionaries until November 10; repression of the Hungarian
Uprising killed 2,500 Hungarians and 700 Soviet Army soldiers, and
compelled 200,000 Hungarians to seek political refuge abroad. The
Hungarian Revolution Of 1956 (October 23 - November 10, 1956;
Hungarian: 1956-Os Forradalom), also known as the Hungarian
Uprising, was a countrywide revolution against the government of
the Hungarian People's Republic (1949-1989) and the Hungarian
domestic policies imposed by the Soviet Union (USSR). The
Hungarian Revolution began on October 23, 1956 in Budapest when
university students appealed to the civil populace to join them at
the Hungarian Parliament Building to protest against the USSR's
geopolitical domination of Hungary with the Stalinist government
of Matyas Rakosi. A delegation of students entered the building of
Hungarian Radio to broadcast their sixteen demands for political
and economic reforms to the civil society of Hungary, but they
were instead detained by security guards. When the student
protestors outside the radio building demanded the release of
their delegation of students, policemen from the AVH (Allamvedelmi
Hatosag) state protection authority shot and killed several
protestors. Consequently, Hungarians organized into revolutionary
militias to fight against the AVH; local Hungarian communist
leaders and AVH policemen were captured and summarily killed or
lynched; and anti-communist political prisoners were released and
armed. On October 26, 1956, in the towns of Mosonmagyarovar and
Esztergom, Hungarian secret police forces massacre civilians. As
rebel strongholds in Budapest hold, fighting spreads throughout
the country. In the town of Kecskemet, outside the office of State
Security and the local jail, Hungarian Army's Third Corps, led by
Major General Lajos Gyurko, shot seven anti-communist protestors
and arrested the organizers of the anti-Soviet protest. On
Gyurko's orders, Hungarian Air Force fighter planes shot up
demonstrators with cannon fire in various towns, earning the
praise of Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of
the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party Janos Kadar, who after the
defeat of the "counter-revolution" called Gyorko "the
only division commander who, at the call of the party
organisation, swept the Danube-Tisza Interfluve six times,
smashing everything". A ceasefire that followed this two days
later as it appeared the Soviet Union had given in to Hungary's
demands; by November 4, the Soviets were back, and remained until
1989.
https://store.earthstation1.com/communism-with-tanks-dvd-hungarian-east-bloc-revolutions.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: An
Ocean Apart: US-UK Relations TV Series + Profumo Affair MP4 DVD
Set
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1956: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1947-1953): The Decolonization
Of Asia: The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Suez Crisis (The Second
Arab-Israeli War, The Tripartite Aggression, The Sinai War): --
The United Kingdom and France begin bombing Egypt on Halloween to
force the reopening of the Suez Canal. On October 29, 1956, the
68th anniversary of the signing of The Convention Of
Constantinople, which guaranteed free maritime passage through the
Suez Canal during War And Peace, Israel invaded the Egyptian
Sinai; Britain and France issued a joint ultimatum to cease fire,
which was to all appearance at the time ignored. On November 5,
Britain and France landed paratroopers along the Suez Canal. The
Egyptian forces were defeated, but they did block the canal to all
shipping. It later became clear that the Israeli invasion and the
subsequent Anglo-French attack had been planned beforehand by the
three countries, and though these three allies had attained a
number of their military objectives, the canal was nevertheless
useless. The duplicity of the Israelis, British and French about
the operation, and their having kept the United States in the dark
about their intentions, did much to undermine efforts towards
peace in the mideast for decades to come. The Suez Crisis, also
known as The Second Arab-Israeli War, and as The Tripartite
Aggression in the Arab world and The Sinai War in Israel, was an
invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United
Kingdom and France. The aims were to regain Western control of the
Suez Canal and to remove Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser,
who had just nationalised the canal. After the fighting had
started, heavy political pressure from the United States and the
USSR led to a withdrawal by the three invaders. The episode
humiliated the United Kingdom and France and strengthened Nasser.
U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower had strongly warned Britain
not to invade; he threatened serious damage to the British
financial system by selling the US government's pound sterling
bonds. Historians conclude the crisis "signified the end of
Great Britain's role as one of the world's major powers". The
Suez Canal was closed from October 1956 until March 1957. Israel
did fulfill some of its objectives, such as attaining freedom of
navigation through the Straits of Tiran, which Egypt had blocked
to Israeli shipping since 1950. As a result of the conflict, the
United Nations created the UNEF Peacekeepers to police the
Egyptian-Israeli border. Distinquished British prime minister
Anthony Eden resigned in humiliation in the aftermath of the
crisis. Canadian external affairs minister Lester Pearson won the
Nobel Peace Prize for organizing the United Nations Emergency
Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis, and the USSR may have been
emboldened to invade Hungary, in that it had made the condemnation
of Soviet actions very difficult.
https://store.earthstation1.com/an-ocean-apart-us-uk-relations-tv-series-profumo-affair-mp4-dvd-set.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: War
Jets: The Lockheed F-104 Starfighter DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 2004: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: Aircraft
Retirements: -- The last operational Lockheed F-104 Starfighters
are retired from service as the Italian Air Force retires their
Starfighter fleet on Halloween. The international service of the
F-104 began to wind down in the late 1970s, being replaced in many
cases by the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, but it
remained in service with some air forces for another two decades
thereafter. The Lockheed F-104 Starfighter is a single-engine,
supersonic interceptor aircraft which was extensively deployed as
a fighter-bomber during the Cold War. Created as a day fighter by
Lockheed as one of the Century Series of fighter aircraft for the
United States Air Force (USAF), it was developed into an
all-weather multirole aircraft in the early 1960s and produced by
several other nations, seeing widespread service outside the
United States. After a series of interviews with Korean War
fighter pilots in 1951 Kelly Johnson, then lead designer at
Lockheed, opted to reverse the trend of ever-larger and more
complex fighters and produce a simple, lightweight aircraft with
maximum altitude and climb performance. On 4 March 1954, the
Lockheed XF-104 took to the skies for the first time, and on 26
February 1958 the production fighter was activated by the USAF.
Only a few months later it was pressed into action during the
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, when it was deployed as a deterrent
to Chinese MiG-15s and MiG-17s. Problems with the General Electric
J79 engine and a preference for fighters with longer ranges and
heavier payloads meant its service with the USAF was short lived,
though it was reactivated for service during the Berlin Crisis of
1961 and the Vietnam War, when it flew over 5,000 combat sorties.
While its time with the USAF was brief, the Starfighter found much
more lasting success with other NATO and allied nations. In
October 1958, West Germany selected the F-104 as its primary
fighter aircraft. Canada soon followed, along with the
Netherlands, Belgium, Japan, and Italy. The European nations
formed a construction consortium that was the largest
international manufacturing program in history to that point,
though the Starfighter's export success was marred in 1975 by the
discovery of bribe payments made by Lockheed to many foreign
military and political figures for securing purchase contracts.
The Starfighter eventually flew with fifteen air forces but its
poor safety record, especially in Luftwaffe service, brought it
substantial criticism. The Germans lost 292 of 916 aircraft and
116 pilots from 1961 to 1989, its high accident rate earning it
the nickname "the Widowmaker" from the German public.
The final production version, the F-104S, was an all-weather
interceptor built by Aeritalia for the Italian Air Force. It was
retired from active service in 1994, though several F-104s remain
in civilian operation with Florida-based Starfighters Inc. The
Starfighter featured a radical design, with thin, stubby wings
attached farther back on the fuselage than most contemporary
aircraft. The wing provided excellent supersonic and high-speed,
low-altitude performance, but also poor turning capability and
high landing speeds. It was the first production aircraft to
achieve Mach 2, and the first aircraft to reach an altitude of
100,000 feet after taking off under its own power. The Starfighter
established world records for airspeed, altitude, and
time-to-climb in 1958, becoming the first aircraft to hold all
three simultaneously. It was also the first aircraft to be
equipped with the M61 Vulcan autocannon and the AIM-9 Sidewinder
missile.
https://store.earthstation1.com/war-jets-the-lockheed-f104-starfighter-104.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Half
Shot At Sunrise Wheeler & Woolsey WWI Pre-Code Comedy MP4 DVD
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1938: #DOTD: #RIP: Robert
Woolsey, American stage and screen comedian and half of the 1930s
comedy team Wheeler & Woolsey, the world's most popular comedy
duo of the movies in the early days of the talkies (b. August 14,
1888) #dies on Halloween at age of 50 from kidney failure and
cerebral malaria. Woolsey became terminally ill in 1936 and
struggled to finish his last picture, High Flyers, which was
released in 1937. His condition forced him to sever his working
relationship with Wheeler. He was then confined to bed for almost
a full year until his death. Woolsey os interred in the Forest
Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. Robert
Woolsey was born Robert Rollie (sometimes spelled Rolla or even
Raleigh) in Carbondale, Illinois. Having a slight and slender
build, he tried to capitalize on his size, as a young adult, by
becoming a jockey. After he fell from a horse and sustained a
fractured leg, he quit racing and turned instead to the stage. In
1925 he was featured as "Mortimer Pottle" in W. C.
Fields's Broadway hit Poppy. Woolsey was teamed with comedy star
Bert Wheeler in 1928, for the Broadway musical Rio Rita. RKO Radio
Pictures filmed the play in 1929, launching Wheeler and Woolsey as
movie personalities. Twenty-one of the twenty-two films Woolsey
made would be with his comedy partner, Wheeler. Wheeler &
Woolsey were an American vaudeville comedy double act who
performed together in comedy films from the late 1920s until
Robert Woolsey's death in 1938. The team comprised Bert Wheeler
(1895-1968) of New Jersey and Robert Woolsey (1888-1938) of
California. In the early days of the talkies, Wheeler &
Woolsey were even more popular than the Marx Brothers, and much in
their films were copied in later Marx Bros films (compare the end
of W & W's April 1933 film Diplomanics to the end of The Marx
Bros. November 1933 film Duck Soup and it's evident that the
script and setting are indentical in places). They were on of
RKO's most popular screen attractions. Their films were filled
with double-entendre gags, although they were severely curtailed
after the reconstitution of the Production Code in 1934. Dressing
in drag and other forms of gender inversion were also staples of
their films.
https://store.earthstation1.com/half-shot-at-sunrise-dvd-wheeler-amp-woolsey-wwi-vaudeville-comedy.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Studs
Terkel's Chicago Documentary + Bonus Titles DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 2008: #DOTD: #RIP: Studs
Terkel, American historian, actor, television and radio
broadcaster, and author (b. May 16, 1912) #dies on Friday
Halloween in his Chicago home at the age of 96; he had been
suffering ever since a fall in his home earlier that month. His
remains were cremated, and his ashes, mixed with those of his wife
Ida, are scattered in Bughouse Square, a patch of green park that
so informed his first years in his adopted, beloved city of
Chicago, the premise of "Buried In Bughouse Square: A Studs
Terkel Circus", a play produced by Theater And Performance
Studies at The University Of Chicago directed by Halena Kays,
written by Jay Torrence and performed by a student ensemble. Studs
said: "Scatter us there. It's against the law. Let 'em sue
us." And that's where they are today, Studs and Ida, lying
near a lovely tree, summer, winter, spring, and fall. Studs Terkel
said "My epitaph? My epitaph will be this: 'Curiosity did not
kill this cat."' Studs Terkel was born Louis Terkel in New
York City to Russian Jewish immigrants, Samuel Terkel, a tailor,
and Anna (Annie) Finkel, a seamstress; at the age of eight. At the
age of eight, he moved with his family to Chicago, Illinois, where
he spent most of his life; he said that once he inhaled the
ubiquitous aroma of the cattle cars in the Chicago railroad
stockyards of his neigbhorhood, "my asthma instantly
disappeared". He had two brothers, Meyer (1905-1958) and Ben
(1907-1965). He was inspired to nickname himself "Studs"
from James Farrell's early depression era book trilogy "Studs
Lonigan". From 1926 to 1936, his parents ran a rooming house
that also served as a meeting place for people from all walks of
life. Terkel credited his understanding of humanity and social
interaction to the tenants and visitors who gathered in the lobby
there and the people who congregated in nearby Bughouse Square. In
1939, he married Ida Goldberg (1912-1999), and the couple had one
son. Although he received his undergraduate degree in 1932 and a
J.D. degree from the University of Chicago in 1934 (and was
admitted to the Illinois Bar the following year), he decided that,
instead of practicing law, he wanted to be a concierge at a hotel,
and he soon joined a theater group. Studs Terkel received the
Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1985 for "The Good
War", and is best remembered for his oral histories of common
Americans, and his well-known radio program, titled The Studs
Terkel Program, aired on 98.7 WFMT Chicago between 1952 and 1997.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Terkel was also the central
character of Studs' Place, one of televisions earliest regularly
scheduled series presentations, an unscripted television drama
about the owner of a greasy-spoon diner in Chicago through which
many famous people and interesting characters passed. This show,
along with Marlin Perkins' Zoo Parade, Garroway at Large and the
children' show Kukla, Fran, and Ollie, are widely considered
canonical examples of the Chicago School of Television.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Steve Allen TV Shows MegaSet DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1990: #DOTD: #RIP: Roger
Price, American humorist, author and publisher, who created
Droodles in the 1950s, followed by his collaborations with Leonard
B. Stern on the Mad Libs series who both became partners with
Larry Sloan in the publishing firm Price Stern Sloan (b. March 6,
1918) #dies on Halloween aged 72 in Los Angeles, California; at
the time of his death in 1990, Price lived in Studio City,
California. He is buried at Angelus Rosedale Cemetery in the West
Adams neighborhood of Los Angeles, southwest of Downtown. Roger
Price was born Roger Taylor Price Jr. in Charleston, West
Virginia, and grew up in the mining town of Widen, West Virginia.
He graduated from Greenbrier Military School in 1934, then
attended the University of Michigan (1934-1936) and the American
Academy of Art in Chicago (1936-1938). During the 1940s, he wrote
for The Bob Hope Show and worked with Hope on a newspaper humor
column. On Broadway he performed in Arthur Klein's musical revue
Tickets, Please! (1950), and he contributed sketch material to
Leonard Sillman's New Faces of 1952. Price hosted the television
panel show How To (1951), and he was a panelist on other game
shows of the early 1950s: Who's There? What Happened? That Reminds
Me, The Name's the Same and What's My Line? In 1953, Price
invented Droodles, a syndicated feature which he described as "a
borkley-looking sort of drawing that doesn't make any sense until
you know the correct title." When Simon & Schuster
published Price's Droodles in 1953, the book launched a Droodle
craze that was fueled by a series of ads in college newspapers
offering cash prizes for Droodles created by college students. In
order to promote Droodles, Price appeared on The Steve Allen Show
on December 30, 1953, just before NBC changed it the name of the
show to The Tonight Show. In 1954, Price hosted a Droodles
television game show with panelists Marc Connelly, Denise Lor and
Carl Reiner. More Droodles were gathered in follow-up books, The
Rich Sardine (1954) and Oodles of Droodles (1955). Over the years,
many of the drawings (minus the author's droll commentary) have
been reprinted in collections such as Classic Droodles. One of
Price's original Droodles serves as the cover art for Frank
Zappa's 1982 album Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning
Witch. Price's other captions for that drawing include "Mother
pyramid feeding her baby." In 2000, after Stern and Sloan
launched another publishing company, Tallfellow Press, they
acquired the rights to Droodles and reissued it as Droodles: The
Classic Collection. Price had four articles in Harvey Kurtzman's
Mad in 1955-1956 and later contributed to Kurtzman's 1960s
magazine Help!. The same year the Droodle was born, Price and
Stern invented Mad Libs (although the first book in the series was
not published until 1958). The title came about when the two were
in Sardi's and overheard an actor arguing with his agent. The
actor wanted to "ad-lib" an interview, but his agent
thought such an approach was "mad". According to Stern,
the concept was hatched accidentally. Stern was scripting an
episode for The Honeymooners in 1953 when Price came by. Stern
recalled, "I was trying to find the right word to describe
the nose of Ralph Kramden's new boss. So I asked Roger for an idea
for an adjective and before I could tell him what it was
describing, he threw out 'clumsy' and 'naked'. We both started
laughing. We sat down and wrote a bunch of stories with blanks in
them. That night we took them to a cocktail party and they were a
great success ... We were turned down by every publisher in the
New York area. Publishers told us it wasn't a book and suggested
we approach game manufacturers, but they also rejected us and
advised us to talk to publishers. It became a well-worn path."
During the 1960s, Price opened the first New York art gallery
devoted solely to cartoons. In 1965-1967 he published and edited
the short-lived humor publication, Grump, which featured such
contributors as Isaac Asimov, Christopher Cerf, Derek Robinson,
Susan Sands, Jean Shepherd, and cartoonists Don Silverstein and
David C. K. McClelland. He was the co-creator with Stanley Ralph
Ross of the short-lived 1977 NBC situation comedy The Kallikaks,
and he also wrote for the show. Price was married four times; all
the marriages ended in divorce. He had two children with his
second wife, Bettina Lerfield. In One Head and Out the Other
(Ballantine, 1951), which popularized the catchphrase "I had
one grunch, but the eggplant over there." The nonsense non
sequitur was immediately adopted by science fiction fandom,
appearing occasionally in science fiction fanzines, as noted in
Fancyclopedia II (1959). Using the 18th-century historian Edward
Gibbon's book The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire as a
comparison to America's upheaval in the 60's, this satirical book
compares Roman decline to America's woes. In Price's In One Head
and Out the Other, the "bible of Avoidism", his
character Clayton Slope "had a clever trick of saying any
conceivable sentence so that it sounded like 'I had one grunch but
the eggplant over there.' Fans find the expression useful, too ...
"Avoidism: Not originally fannish at all, but a philosophy
devised in a rather stomach-turning book, In One Head and Out the
Other, this doctrine became confused/associated with the
Gandhi-following folk of Eric Frank Russell's "And Then There
Were None." It inspired an APA, MYOB and an Avoidist Movement
which avoided amounting to anything. Tenets are those implied by
the root word. Lee Hoffman explains that three types of avoidism
are distinguished: 1) pure; 2) applied; and 3) active (or
Activist). In pure avoiding, one avoids everything except eating,
breathing and metabolizing. In applied avoiding, one avoids as
many things as possible. (Bus drivers are good at this sort of
thing, like avoiding people waiting at bus stops.) Active avoidism
isn't true avoidism and is practiced to Publicize the Cause, or as
an exercise in Avoiding. Under active avoidism there is the
subgroup Counteravoiding; to counteravoid vegetarianism, for
instance, one eats meat. Leeh concluded: "A last word on
Avoidism: I had one grunch but the eggplant over there." An
annoying Price dissident in In One Head and Out the Other who
crops up from time to time to object forlornly to Avoidist
doctrine in many of its guises is one Dr. Carl Gassoway, whom
Price promptly and heartlessly dismisses every time as a
troublemaker; a refreshing Price ingenue who similarly appears and
reappears is Miss Patricia Delray. In a key chapter, Price advised
mothers to encourage their offspring to adopt Avoidist habits and
responses to the tribulations of real life is to have them read,
as a nightly bedtime story, his adaptation of Prokofiev's Peter
and the Wolf (which he first wanted to use in its original form
until the composer demanded too many rubles' royalty), namely
Milton and the Rhinoceros, in which the latter triumphs by
overcoming and eating the former, whose final blunder was to
mistake the FIERCE RHINOCEROS!! (as Price instructed the mother to
shout loudly at key points in the narrative), when he first came
upon the beast, for a Studebaker. Moral: Don't go into deep
woodses! Or anywhere!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Future
Wars: Then And Now - Foreseen Warcraft Today MP4 Download DVD
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 2016: #DOTD: #RIP: Gene La
Rocque, Rear Admiral of the US Navy, founder of the Center For
Defense Information (CDI) in 1971 (b. June 29, 1918) #dies on
Halloween in Washington, DC, at the age of 98. He is buried at
Arlington National Cemetery. He was born Eugene Robert La Rocque
in Kankakee, Illinois, and began his naval service in 1940. When
the attack on Pearl Harbor was carried out, he was serving on the
USS Macdonough. He participated in 13 major battles during World
War II and worked for seven years in the Strategic Plans
Directorate of the Joint Chiefs Of Staff. In the Battle Of
Kwajalein, he was the first man to go ashore in the landings at
Roi-Namur. As a lieutenant commander, La Rocque was the commanding
officer of USS Solar, destroyed on April 30, 1946, in an explosion
in loading torpex at Naval Ammunition Depot, Earle (now Naval
Weapons Station, Earle), New Jersey. Five enlisted men and one
officer were killed with 125 others wounded. He retired in 1972
and was disillusioned over the Vietnam War. La Rocque and his
colleagues testified before the US Congress, frequently appeared
in the media, and consulted many national and international
political leaders. In the 1980s, La Rocque founded a weekly public
affairs television program, America's Defense Monitor. In 1974, he
stated that in his experience, any ship that is capable of
carrying nuclear weapons carries them and does not off-load them
in foreign ports. That statement directly conflicted with the US
Department of Defense's policy that it would "neither confirm
nor deny" (NC/ND) on such weapons and sparked controversy in
Japan, which has had a non-nuclear policy since World War II. He
was elected in 1982 to the National Governing Board of Common
Cause, a watchdog group based in Washington, D.C. prominently
known for its efforts to bring about an end to the Vietnam War and
to lower the voting age from 21 to 18. La Rocque had three
children (John La Rocque, James La Rocque, and Annette La Rocque
Fitzsimmons) with Sally Fox, whom he had been married 32 years
before her death, in 1978. In 1980, he married Washington
businesswoman Lillian Kerekes Danchik, who died in 1994, which
left his two stepsons (Howard and Roger Danchik) from her first
marriage.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Joseph
Papp Presents Rehearsing Hamlet: Diane Venora DVD Download USB
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1991: #DOTD: #RIP: Joseph
Papp, American director and producer (b. June 22, 1921) #dies on
Halloween of prostate cancer at age 70 in New York City, and is
buried in the Baron Hirsch Cemetery on Staten Island; his son,
Tony, died of complications of AIDS mere months before Joseph
Papp's death. Joseph Papp was born Joseph Papirofsky in Brooklyn,
New York City, the son of Jewish immigrants from Russia Yetta (nee
Miritch), a seamstress, and Samuel Papirofsky, a trunkmaker. Papp
established The Public Theater in what had been the Astor Library
Building in lower Manhattan. There, Papp created a year-round
producing home to focus on new plays and musicals. Among numerous
examples of these were the works of David Rabe, Ntozake Shanges
For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is
Enuf, Charles Gordones No Place to Be Somebody (the first
off-Broadway play to win the Pulitzer Prize), and Papps production
of Michael Bennetts Pulitzer Prize-winning musical, A Chorus Line.
Papp also founded Shakespeare in the Park, helped to develop other
off-Broadway theatres and worked to preserve the historic Broadway
Theatre District.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Music & Dance Shows #1 Hullabaloo DVD, Video Download, USB
Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1936: #BOTD: #HBD! Michael
Landon, American actor, director, producer, filmmaker and
screenwriter, known for his roles as Little Joe Cartwright in
Bonanza (1959-1973), Charles Ingalls in Little House on the
Prairie (1974-1983), and Jonathan Smith in Highway to Heaven
(1984-1989) (d. July 1, 1991) is #born Eugene Maurice Orowitz in
Forest Hills, a neighborhood of Queens, New York on Halloween. His
parents were Peggy (nee O'Neill; a dancer and comedian) and Eli
Maurice Orowitz. His father was Jewish, and his mother was Roman
Catholic.. Landon appeared on the cover of TV Guide 22 times,
second only to Lucille Ball. Michael Landon died of pancreatic
cancer in Malibu, California at 1:20 p.m., with his wife Clerico
at his bedside, aged 54. Landon was interred in a private family
mausoleum at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, in Culver City,
California. Landon's headstone reads, "He seized life with
joy. He gave to life generously. He leaves a legacy of love and
laughter." His son Mark, who died in May 2009, is also
interred there.
https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-1-hullabaloo-dv1.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Hollywood The Golden Years: The RKO Story DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1988: #DOTD: #RIP: John
Houseman, Romanian-born Jewish British-American actor and producer
of theatre, film, and television, renowned for his highly
publicized collaboration with director Orson Welles from their
days in the Federal Theatre Project through to the production of
Citizen Kane and his collaboration, as producer of The Blue
Dahlia, with writer Raymond Chandler on the screenplay (b.
September 22, 1902) #dies at age 86 of spinal cancer at his home
in Malibu, California. His remains were cremated and the ashes
were scattered at sea, presumably in the Pacific Ocean off the
coast of Malibu. John Houseman was born Jacques Haussmann in
Bucharest, Romania on Halloween, the son of May (nee Davies) a
governess, and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His
mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish
descent, and his father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated
in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and
worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the
United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John
Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943. John Houseman
won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal
of Professor Charles W. Kingsfield in the 1973 film The Paper
Chase. He reprised the role of Kingsfield in the 1978 television
series adaptation. He became famous to a later television
generation who knew him for his commercials for Smith Barney and
their catchphrase "They make money the old fashioned way...
they earn it."
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 2020: #DOTD: #RIP: Sean
Connery, Scottish actor, producer and sex symbol (b. August 25,
1930) #dies in his sleep aged 90 at his home in the Lyford Cay
community of Nassau in the Bahamas. His death was announced by his
family and Eon Productions; although they did not disclose the
cause of death, his son Jason said he had been unwell for some
time. A day later, his widow revealed he had dementia in his final
years. Connery's death certificate was obtained by TMZ a month
after his death, showing the cause of death was pneumonia and
respiratory failure, and the time of death was listed as 1:30 am.
His remains were cremated, and the ashes were scattered in
Scotland at undisclosed locations in 2022. Sir Sean Connery was
born Thomas Connery at the Royal Maternity Hospital in Edinburgh,
Scotland. He was the first actor to portray fictional British
secret agent James Bond on film, starring in seven Bond films
between 1962 and 1983. Originating the role in Dr. No, Connery
played Bond in six of Eon Productions' entries and made his final
appearance in Never Say Never Again. Connery began acting in
smaller theatre and television productions until his breakout role
as Bond. Although he did not enjoy the off-screen attention the
role gave him, the success of the Bond films brought Connery
offers from notable directors such as Alfred Hitchcock, Sidney
Lumet and John Huston. Their films in which Connery appeared
included Marnie (1964), The Hill (1965), Murder on the Orient
Express (1974), and The Man Who Would Be King (1975). He also
appeared in A Bridge Too Far (1977), Highlander (1986), The Name
of the Rose (1986), The Untouchables (1987), Indiana Jones and the
Last Crusade (1989), The Hunt for Red October (1990), Dragonheart
(1996), The Rock (1996), and Finding Forrester (2000). Connery
officially retired from acting in 2006, although he briefly
returned for voice-over roles in 2012. His achievements in film
were recognised with an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards (including
the BAFTA Fellowship), and three Golden Globes, including the
Cecil B. DeMille Award and a Henrietta Award. In 1987, he was made
a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters in France, and he
received the US Kennedy Center Honors lifetime achievement award
in 1999. Connery was knighted in the 2000 New Year Honours for
services to film drama.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Fall Of
The Great Society & The Silent Majority: LBJ & Nixon MP4
DVD
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1968: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 1968 United States Presidential Election:
The Vietnam War: The 1968 October Surprise: -- Citing progress
with the Paris peace talks, US President Lyndon B. Johnson, five
days before the 1968 presidential election -- a race between his
Vice President and Democratic party candidate Hubert Humphrey,
Republican candidate Richard Nixon and American Independent Party
candidate George Wallace -- announces to the nation on Halloween
that he has ordered a complete cessation of "all air, naval,
and artillery bombardment of North Vietnam", to take effect
the next day, November 1. This would seem to indicate that Johnson
wished to help Humphrey to win the election by making it appear
that peace in the Vietnam War was in the offing; however, had the
Republican candidate been Nelson Rockefeller rather than Richard
Nixon, he may well not have made the effort. After Robert
Kennedy's assassination, Johnson rallied the Democratic party
bosses and the unions to give Humphrey the nomination at the 1968
Democratic National Convention; however, personal correspondences
between President Johnson and some in the Republican Party suggest
Johnson actually tacitly supported Nelson Rockefeller's campaign,
and reportedly said that if Rockefeller became the Republican
nominee, he would not campaign against him (and would not campaign
for Humphrey). In the end, due to the contentious 1968 Democratic
National Convention and growing opposition to the Vietnam War,
Democrats did not fully unite behind Humphrey, and this enabled
Republican candidate Richard Nixon to win the election. In U.S.
political jargon, an October Surprise is a news event that may
influence the outcome of an upcoming November election
(particularly one for the U.S. presidency), whether deliberately
planned or spontaneously occurring. Because the date for national
elections (as well as many state and local elections) is in early
November, events that take place in October have greater potential
to influence the decisions of prospective voters; thus, relatively
last-minute news stories could either change the course of an
election or reinforce the inevitable. The term "October
Surprise" was coined by William Casey when he served as
campaign manager of Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign;
however, there were October election-upending events in American
history as early as 1840.
https://store.earthstation1.com/fall-of-the-great-society-amp-the-silent-majority-lbj-amp-nixon-mp4-dv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge And The Cambodian Genocide DVD MP4 USB
Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1922: #BOTD: Norodom
Sihanouk, Cambodian king, politician, actor, film director, film
producer, screenwriter, singer and songwriter who led Cambodia in
various capacities throughout his political career, but most often
as the King of Cambodia, 1st Prime Minister of Cambodia (d.
October 15, 2012) is #born on Halloween in Phnom Penh, Cambodia,
French Indochina, the only child born of the union between
Cambodian King Norodom Suramarit and Queen consort of Cambodia
Sisowath Kossamak. In Cambodia, he is known as Samdech Euv (Khmer:
"Father Prince"). During his lifetime, Cambodia was
variously called the French Protectorate of Cambodia (until 1953),
the Kingdom of Cambodia (1953-70), the Khmer Republic (1970-75),
Democratic Kampuchea (1975-79), the People's Republic of Kampuchea
(1979-93), and again the Kingdom of Cambodia (from 1993). Sihanouk
became king of Cambodia during French colonial rule in 1941 upon
the death of his maternal grandfather, King Monivong. After the
Japanese occupation of Cambodia during the Second World War, he
secured Cambodian independence from France in 1953. He abdicated
in 1955 and was succeeded by his father, Suramarit, so as to
directly participate in politics. Sihanouk's political
organization Sangkum won the general elections that year and he
became prime minister of Cambodia. He governed it under one-party
rule, suppressed political dissent, and declared himself Head of
State in 1960. Officially neutral in foreign relations, in
practice he was closer to the communist bloc. The Cambodian coup
of 1970 ousted him and he fled to China and North Korea, there
forming a government-in-exile and resistance movement. He
encouraged Cambodians to fight the new government and backed the
Khmer Rouge during the Cambodian Civil War. He returned as
figurehead head of state after the Khmer Rouge's victory in 1975.
His relations with the new government declined and in 1976 he
resigned. He was placed under house arrest until Vietnamese forces
overthrew the Khmer Rouge in 1979. Sihanouk went into exile again
and in 1981 formed FUNCINPEC, a resistance party. The following
year, he became president of the Coalition Government of
Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK), a broad coalition of anti-Vietnamese
resistance factions which retained Cambodia's seat at the United
Nations, making him Cambodia's internationally recognized head of
state. In the late 1980s, informal talks were carried out to end
hostilities between the Vietnam-supported People's Republic of
Kampuchea and the CGDK. In 1990, the Supreme National Council of
Cambodia was formed as a transitional body to oversee Cambodia's
sovereign matters, with Sihanouk as its president. The 1991 Paris
Peace Accords were signed and the United Nations Transitional
Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) was established the following year.
The UNTAC organized the 1993 Cambodian general elections, and a
coalition government, jointly led by his son Norodom Ranariddh and
Hun Sen, was subsequently formed. He was reinstated as Cambodia's
king. He abdicated again in 2004 and the Royal Council of the
Throne chose his son, Sihamoni, as his successor. Norodom Sihanouk
died of a heart attack at 1:20 am, Phnom Penh time in Beijing,
China, aged 89. The Cambodian government announced an official
mourning period of seven days between October 17 and 24, 2012, and
state flags were ordered to fly at one-third height. Two days
later, Sihanouk's body was brought back from Beijing on an Air
China flight, and about 1.2 million people lined the streets from
the airport to the royal palace to witness the return of
Sihanouk's cortege. In late November 2012, Norodom Sihanouk's son
Hun Sen said that Sihanouk's funeral and cremation were to be
carried out in February 2013. Sihanouk's body lay in state at the
royal palace for the next three months until the funeral was held
on February 1, 2013. A 6,000-metre (20,000 ft) street procession
was held, and Sihanouk's body was subsequently kept at the royal
crematorium until February 4, 2013 when his body was cremated. The
following day, the royal family scattered some of Sihanouk's ashes
into the Tonle Sap river, while the rest were kept in the palace's
throne hall for about a year. In October 2013, a stupa featuring a
bronze statue of Sihanouk was inaugurated next to the Independence
Monument. In July 2014, Sihanouk's ashes were interred at the
silver pagoda next to those of one of his daughters, Kantha Bopha.
Between 1941 and 2006, Sihanouk produced and directed 50 films,
some of which he acted in. The films, later described as being of
low quality, often featured nationalistic elements, as did a
number of the songs he wrote. Some of his songs were about his
wife Queen Monique, the nations neighboring Cambodia, and the
communist leaders who supported him in his exile. In the 1980s
Sihanouk held concerts for diplomats in New York City. He also
participated in concerts at his palace during his second reign.
https://store.earthstation1.com/cambodia-the-khmer-rouge-and-the-cambodian-genocide-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Camelot: The Beginning JFK Inauguration DVD, Download, USB Flash
Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 2010: #DOTD: #RIP: Ted
Sorensen, American lawyer, 8th White House Counsel (b. May 8,
1928) #dies on Halloween aged 82 at New York-Presbyterian Hospital
in New York City of complications from a stroke he suffered the
previous week. His burial details are not publicly disclosed. Ted
Sorensen was born Theodore Chaikin Sorensen in Lincoln, Nebraska.
He was a speechwriter for President John F. Kennedy, as well as
one of his closest advisers. President Kennedy once called him his
"intellectual blood bank." Sorensen was President
Kennedy's special counsel, adviser, and primary speechwriter, the
role for which he is remembered best. He helped draft the
inaugural address in which Kennedy said famously, "Ask not
what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your
country." Although Sorensen played an important part in the
composition of the inaugural address, "the speech and its
famous turn of phrase that everyone remembers was," Sorensen
has stated (counter to what the majority of authors, journalists,
and other media sources have claimed), "written by Kennedy
himself." In his 2008 memoir, Counselor: A Life at the Edge
of History, Sorensen claimed, "The truth is that I simply
don't remember where the line came from."
https://store.earthstation1.com/camelot-the-beginning-jfk-inauguration-john-chancellor-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Duke
Ellington Radio Shows Jazz & Swing MP3 CD Download USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1896: #BOTD: #HBD! Ethel
Waters, African American singer and actress who frequently
performed jazz, swing, and pop music on the Broadway stage and in
concerts, second African American to be nominated for an Academy
Award, television pioneer as first African American to star on her
own television show (The Ethel Waters Show (1939, one of the
earlist television shows) and the first African American woman to
be nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award (Route 66, "Goodnight
Sweet Blues", 1962) (d. September 1, 1977) is #born on
Halloween in Chester, Pennsylvania as a result of the rape of her
teenaged African American mother, Louise Anderson (1881-1962), by
17-year-old John Wesley (or Wesley John) Waters (1878-1901), a
pianist and family acquaintance from a middle-class African
American background. Waters' family was very fair-skinned, his
mother in particular. Many sources, including Ethel herself,
reported for years that her mother was 12 or 13 years old at the
time of the rape, 13 when Ethel was born. Stephen Bourne opens his
2007 biography, Ethel Waters: Stormy Weather, with the statement
that genealogical research has shown that Louise Anderson may have
been 15 or 16 years old. Waters played no role in raising his
daughter. Soon after she was born, her mother married Norman
Howard, a railroad worker, with whom she had a daughter, Juanita
Howard, Ethel's half-sister. Ethel used the surname Howard as a
child and then reverted to using the surname Waters. She was
raised in poverty by Sally Anderson, her grandmother, who worked
as a housemaid, and with two of her aunts and an uncle. Waters
never lived in the same place for more than 15 months. Of her
difficult childhood, she said "I never was a child. I never
was cuddled, liked, or understood by my family." Ethel Waters
began her career in the 1920s singing blues. Her notable
recordings include "Dinah", "Stormy Weather",
"Taking a Chance on Love", "Heat Wave",
"Supper Time", "Am I Blue?", "Cabin in
the Sky", "I'm Coming Virginia", and her version of
"His Eye Is on the Sparrow". Ethel Waters died aged 80
from uterine cancer, kidney failure, and other ailments, in
Chatsworth, California. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park
in Glendale, California. "Ethel", a one-woman tribute to
Waters written and performed by Terry Burrell, ran as a limited
engagement in February and March 2012.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old
Time Radio Western MegaSet MP3 Collection DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1912: #BOTD: #HBD! Dale
Evans, American singer, songwriter and actress, third and final
long-time wife of singing cowboy Roy Rogers (d. February 7, 2001)
is #born Frances Octavia Smith on Halloween in Uvalde, Texas.
After beginning her career singing at the radio station where she
was employed as a secretary, Evans had a productive career as a
jazz, swing, and big band singer that led to a screen test and
contract with 20th Century Fox studios. She gained exposure on
radio as the featured singer for a time on the Edgar
Bergen/Charlie McCarthy show. Evans married Roy Rogers on New
Year's Eve 1947 at the Flying L Ranch in Davis, Oklahoma, where
they had earlier filmed the movie Home In Oklahoma. The successful
marriage was Rogers' third and Evans' fourth; the two were a team
on-and-off-screen from 1946 until Rogers' death in 1998. From 1951
to 1957, Evans and Rogers starred in the highly-successful
television series The Roy Rogers Show, in which they continued
their cowboy and cowgirl roles, with her riding her trusty
buckskin horse, Buttermilk. In addition to her successful TV
shows, more than 30 films and some 200 songs, Evans wrote the song
"Happy Trails". Dale Evans died of congestive heart
failure at the age of 88, in Apple Valley, California. She is
interred at Sunset Hills Memorial Park in Apple Valley, next to
Rogers. For her contribution to radio, Evans has a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6638 Hollywood Blvd. She received a
second star at 1737 Vine St. for her contribution to the
television industry.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: War And
Peace In The Nuclear Age TV Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 31, 2025October 31, 1984: #DOTD: #RIP: Indira
Gandhi, Indian Prime Minister and central figure of the Indian
National Congress (b. November 19, 1917) #dies on Halloween at age
66 when she is assassinated in New Delhi, India by two Sikh
security guards; riots break out in New Delhi and other cities,
and around 3,000 Sikhs are killed. The spot where Gandhi was
assassinated is now marked by a glass opening in the crystal
pathway at wbat is now The Indira Gandhi Memorial. Her remains
were cremated at Shakti Sthal, itself a memorial in Raj Ghat, New
Delhi, India, and her ashes were scattered over the Himalaya
Mountains. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi was born Indira
Priyadarshini Nehru into a Kashmiri Pandit family on in Allahabad
in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.. Her father was Jawaharlal
Nehru, who was himself also Prime Minister of the Dominion (and
later Republic) of India, being India's first Prime Minister, a
leading figure in the movement for independence from British rule
and close friend and political ally of Mahatma Gandhi. Indira was
beloved and close to Mahatma Gandhi, and she later married Feroze
Gandhi, but these two Gandhi males are not related to each other.
Indira Gandhi was an Indian politician and a central figure of the
Indian National Congress. She was elected as third prime minister
of India in 1966 and was also the first and, to date, only female
prime minister of India. Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal
Nehru, the first prime minister of India. She served as prime
minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January
1980 until her assassination in October 1984, making her the
second longest-serving Indian prime minister after her father.
During Nehru's premiership from 1947 to 1964, Gandhi was
considered a key assistant and accompanied him on his numerous
foreign trips. She was elected president of the Indian National
Congress in 1959. Upon her father's death in 1964, she was
appointed as a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) and became
a member of Lal Bahadur Shastri's cabinet as Minister of
Information and Broadcasting. In the Congress Party's
parliamentary leadership election held in early 1966 (upon the
death of Shastri), she defeated her rival Morarji Desai to become
leader, and thus succeeded Shastri, after his death, as Prime
Minister of India. As prime minister, Gandhi was known for her
political intransigency and unprecedented centralisation of power.
She went to war with Pakistan in support of the independence
movement and war of independence in East Pakistan, which resulted
in an Indian victory and the creation of Bangladesh, as well as
increasing India's influence to the point where it became the sole
regional power of South Asia. Citing separatist tendencies, and in
response to a call for revolution, Gandhi instituted a state of
emergency from 1975 to 1977 where basic civil liberties were
suspended and the press was censored. Widespread atrocities were
carried out during the emergency. In 1980, she returned to power
after free and fair elections. After Gandhi ordered military
action in the Golden Temple in Operation Blue Star, her own
bodyguards and Sikh nationalists assassinated her on 31 October
1984. In 1999, Indira Gandhi was named "Woman of the
Millennium" in an online poll organised by the BBC. In 2020,
Gandhi was named by Time magazine among the world's 100 powerful
women who defined the last century.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Scouts!
Lord Baden-Powell The Boy Scouts & The Girl Scouts MP4 DVD USB
Today, October 31, 2025October 31: #BOTD: #HBD! Girl Scout
Founder's Day: -- An annual recognition of the founders and all
the great things Scouting has done for girls since its inception
which commemorates the 1860 birth in Savannah, Georgia of the
founder of the Girl Scouts Of The USA, Juliet Gordon Low (d.
January 17, 1927). Juliette Magill Kinzie Gordon Low formed a Girl
Guide troop in Savannah, Georgia, and in 1915, the Girl Guides
became the Girl Scouts with Low becoming the first president. She
remained active with the Girl Scouts until the time of her death
in 1927. The day is special for all girls. It is a time to think
about who we would like to be, let our imaginations run wild and
turn those dreams into a reality. We can genuinely transform
ourselves into something different-something more significant,
bolder, and more daring than we ever thought possible. Girl
Scouting in the United States of America began on March 12, 1912,
when Juliette Gordon Low organized the first Girl Scout troop
meeting. At the first troop meeting in Savannah, Georgia, there
were 18 girls present. For these girls, Juliette Gordon Low
organized enrichment programs, service projects, and outdoor
activities and adventures. Since the time of the first meeting,
Girl Scouts has grown to over 3.7 million members. The
organization's original name was the Girl Guides of America,
chosen by the founder of the Boy Scouts, Robert Baden-Powell. By
1920 there were close to 70,000 members; by 1930 there were over
200,000 members; by 2005 there were over 3.7 million members.
Their motto is "Be Prepared", and their slogan is "Do
a Good Turn Daily"! Low died in Savannah in 1927, at the age
of 66. An honor guard of Girl Scouts escorted her casket to her
funeral at Christ Church the next day. 250 Girl Scouts left school
early that day to attend her funeral and burial at Laurel Grove
Cemetery. Low was buried in her Girl Scout uniform with a note in
her pocket stating: "You are not only the first Girl Scout,
but the best Girl Scout of them all." Her tombstone read,
"Now abideth faith, hope, and love, but the greatest of these
is love."
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