EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Latest New Releases And Today's #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com

EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Latest New Releases And Today's #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com & MediaOutlet.com!

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

Our latest new releases and daily specials are at https://store.earthstation1.com/specials.html -- and they're waiting for you! ;) (EarthStation1.com logo "Heart Of The Quasar" used with gracious longtime permission of Don Dixon, founding member of the International Association of Astronomical Artists (IAAA) https://www.cosmographica.com)

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Mongol Hordes: Storm From The East TV Series DVD MP4 USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1281: The Mongols: The Mongol Empire: Mongol Invasions And Conquests: The Mongol Invasions Of East Asia: Kublai Khan's Campaigns: The Mongol Invasions Of Japan: The Second Mongol Invasions Of Japan (1281) (The Battle Of Koan [Japanese: Koan No Eki], The Second Battle Of Hakata Bay): Divine Winds (Japanese: Kaminokaze) (Typhoons): The Second Divine Wind (Japanese: Daini No Kaminokaze) (The Divine Wind [Japanese: Kamikaze]): -- The Mongolian fleet of Kublai Khan is destroyed by a "divine wind" for the second time in the Battle of Koan. The Mongols' plan called for an overwhelming coordinated attack by the combined imperial Yuan fleets. The Chinese fleet of the Yuan was delayed by difficulties in provisioning and manning the large number of ships they had. The Mongol fleet set sail, suffered heavy losses at Tsushima, and turned back. In the summer, the fleet took Iki-shima and moved on to Kyushu, landing at several different locations. In a number of individual skirmishes, known collectively as the Koan Campaign or the "Second Battle of Hakata Bay", the Mongol forces were driven back to their ships. The Japanese army was heavily outnumbered, but had fortified the coastal line with two-meter high walls, and was easily able to repulse the auxiliaries that were launched against it. Beginning August 15, the now-famous kamikaze, a massive typhoon, assaulted the shores of Kyushu for two days straight, and destroyed much of the Mongol fleet. Sensing the oncoming typhoon, Korean and south Chinese mariners retreated and unsuccessfully docked in Imari Bay where they were destroyed by the storm Furthermore, it is now believed that the destruction of the Mongol fleet was greatly facilitated by an additional factor. Most of the invasion force was composed of hastily acquired flat-bottomed Chinese riverboats and ships built in Goryeo and all of a similar type. According to Goryeosa, Southern Song-type ships were too costly and their construction was too slow, so the traditional types were constructed instead. Such ships (unlike ocean-going ships, which have a curved keel to prevent capsizing) were difficult to use on high seas, let alone during a massive typhoon. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-mongol-hordes-storm-from-the-east-tv-series-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Napoleon Bonaparte Documentaries Collection MP4 Video Download DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1769: #BOTD: Napoleon Bonaparte, French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars (d. May 5, 1821) is #born Napoleone Buonaparte on the island of Corsica. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. He is considered one of the greatest commanders in history, and his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has endured as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history. He was born Napoleone di Buonaparte in Corsica on 15 August 1769 to a relatively modest family of Italian ancestry from the minor nobility. He was serving as an artillery officer in the French army when the French Revolution erupted in 1789. He rapidly rose through the ranks of the military, seizing the new opportunities presented by the Revolution and becoming a general at age 24. The French Directory eventually gave him command of the Army of Italy after he suppressed a revolt against the government from royalist insurgents. At age 26, he began his first military campaign against the Austrians and their Italian allies, winning virtually every battle, conquering the Italian Peninsula in a year, and becoming a war hero in France. In 1798, he led a military expedition to Egypt that served as a springboard to political power. He orchestrated a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the Republic. His ambition and public approval inspired him to go further, and he became the first Emperor of the French in 1804. Intractable differences with the British meant that the French were facing a Third Coalition by 1805. Napoleon shattered this coalition with decisive victories in the Ulm Campaign and a historic triumph over the Russian Empire and Austrian Empire at the Battle of Austerlitz which led to the Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1806, the Fourth Coalition took up arms against him because Prussia became worried about growing French influence on the continent. Napoleon quickly defeated Prussia at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt, then marched his Grande Armee deep into Eastern Europe and annihilated the Russians in June 1807 at the Battle of Friedland. France then forced the defeated nations of the Fourth Coalition to sign the Treaties of Tilsit in July 1807, bringing an uneasy peace to the continent. Tilsit signified the high watermark of the French Empire. In 1809, the Austrians and the British challenged the French again during the War of the Fifth Coalition, but Napoleon solidified his grip over Europe after triumphing at the Battle Of Wagram in July. Napoleon then invaded the Iberian Peninsula, hoping to extend the Continental System and choke off British trade with the European mainland, and declared his brother Joseph Bonaparte the King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support. The Peninsular War lasted six years, featured extensive guerrilla warfare, and ended in victory for the Allies. The Continental System caused recurring diplomatic conflicts between France and its client states, especially Russia. The Russians were unwilling to bear the economic consequences of reduced trade and routinely violated the Continental System, enticing Napoleon into another war. The French launched a major invasion of Russia in the summer of 1812. The campaign destroyed Russian cities but resulted in the collapse of the Grande Armee and inspired a renewed push against Napoleon by his enemies. In 1813, Prussia and Austria joined Russian forces in the War Of The Sixth Coalition against France. A lengthy military campaign culminated in a large Allied army defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, but his tactical victory at the minor Battle of Hanau allowed retreat onto French soil. The Allies then invaded France and captured Paris in the spring of 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April. He was exiled to the island of Elba off the coast of Tuscany, and the Bourbon dynasty was restored to power. However, Napoleon escaped from Elba in February 1815 and took control of France once again. The Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition which defeated him at the Battle of Waterloo in June. The British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he died six years later at the age of 51 in exile on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean of what was generally believed then and now to have been caused by stomach cancer. He is interred at Napoleon's Tomb (French: Tombeau De Napoleon), a monument erected at Les Invalides in Paris, following The Retour Des Cendres (French: "Return Of The Ashes", though "ashes" is used here as a metaphor for his mortal remains, as he was not cremated). His remains were repatriated to France from Saint Helena in 1840, nineteen years after his death, at the initiative of King Louis Philippe I and his minister Adolphe Thiers. While the tomb's planning started in 1840, it was only completed two decades later and inaugurated by Emperor Napoleon III on 2 April 1861, after its promoter Louis Philippe I, architect Louis Visconti, and main sculptors James Pradier and Pierre-Charles Simart had all died in the meantime. Napoleon's influence on the modern world brought liberal reforms to the numerous territories that he conquered and controlled, such as the Low Countries, Switzerland, and large parts of modern Italy and Germany. He implemented fundamental liberal policies in France and throughout Western Europe. His Napoleonic Code has influenced the legal systems of more than 70 nations around the world. British historian Andrew Roberts states: "The ideas that underpin our modern world - meritocracy, equality before the law, property rights, religious toleration, modern secular education, sound finances, and so on - were championed, consolidated, codified and geographically extended by Napoleon. To them he added a rational and efficient local administration, an end to rural banditry, the encouragement of science and the arts, the abolition of feudalism and the greatest codification of laws since the fall of the Roman Empire." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/napoleon-bonaparte-documentaries-collection-mp4-video-download-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: World War II With Walter Cronkite TV Series DVD, Download, USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

( #JCKaelin here: We of EarthStation1 MediaOutlet solemnly commemorate the anniversary of the de facto end of the Second World War. ) ========= World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Asiatic-Pacific Theater, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Aftermath Of World War II: The End Of World War II In Asia: The Surrender Of Japan: Victory Over Japan Day (V-J Day, Victory In The Pacific Day, V-P Day): V-J Day No. 1 (August 15 Japan Time, August 14 U.S. Time) (the other is September 2, Japan Time / September 1, US Time): -- August 15, 1945 (Japan Time): World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Surrender Of Japan: -- President Truman makes the official announcement that Japan had surrendered to the Allies, bringing the effective end of World War II; the official, ceremonial and legal end of the war was effected by the September 2, 1945 (Tokyo Time; September 1, Eastern Daylight Time) signing of The Japanese Instrument Of Surrender by Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. Following the two Atomic bomb drops and believing continuation of the war would only result in further loss of Japanese lives, delegates of Emperor Hirohito accepted Allied surrender terms originally issued at Potsdam on July 26, 1945, with the exception that the Japanese emperor's sovereignty would be maintained. Japanese Emperor Hirohito, who had never spoken on radio, then recorded an announcement admitting Japan's surrender, without actually using the word. The announcement was broadcast via radio to the Japanese people at noon the next day. The formal surrender ceremony occurred later, on September 2, 1945, on board the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. The various terms for "Victory Over Japan Day" have been applied to 1) the days on which the initial announcement of Japan's surrender was made - August 15 1945 in Japan, and because of time zone differences, August 14, 1945, when it was announced in the United States and the rest of the Americas and Eastern Pacific Islands, and 2) the September 2, 1945 date when the Japanese surrender document was signed, officially ending World War II. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/world-war-ii-with-walter-cronkite-dvd-set-all-8-discsht8.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hirohito: Behind The Myth War Responsiblity MP4 Download DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1945: World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Asiatic-Pacific Theater, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Aftermath Of World War II: The Aftermath Of The Pacific War: The End Of World War II In Asia: The Surrender Of Japan: The Hirohito Surrender Broadcast (Japanese: Gyokuon-Hoso, "The Broadcast Of The Emperor's Voice") (The Jewel Voice Broadcast): -- After several more days of behind-the-scenes negotiations and a failed coup d'etat, Emperor Hirohito, who had never spoken on radio, successfully orders, despite great resistance, a speech which he had recorded the day prior be broadcast at noon to the nation of Japan, the Japanese Empire and the world wherein he announced the capitulation of Japan to the Allies, without actually using the word "surrender". On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/world-war-ii-with-walter-cronkite-dvd-set-all-8-discsht8.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Life And Times Of Lord Mountbatten TV Series DVD, Download, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: Indian Independence Day: -- August 15, 1947: India: The History Of India: The British Raj (Crown Rule In India, Direct Rule In India, India, The Indian Empire): The Indian Independence Movement: The Pakistan Movement: The Partition Of India: The Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 30) (The Indian Independence Bill): -- Viscount Louis Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General (Viceroy) of India, in accordance with The Indian Independence Act 1947, effects the partitioning of British India into India and Pakistan. India gains Independence from British rule after nearly 190 years of Crown rule and joins the Commonwealth of Nations. Muhammad Ali Jinnah founds Pakistan and is sworn in as first Governor-General of Pakistan in Karachi. The Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 30) is an act of The Parliament Of The United Kingdom that partitioned British India into two new independent dominions: India and Pakistan. The Act received Royal Assent on July 18, 1947, and thus one the followng August 15, modern-day India, and Pakistan, the latter comprising West Pakistan (modern day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (modern day Bangladesh) came into being. This peaceful division was made such only by two most important factors: 1) the beneficent non-violent leadership of Indian Independence leader Mahatma Gandhi, and 2) the beneficent political leadership of Lord Mountbatten, then British Viceroy And Governor-General Of India, who brought the legislative representatives of The Indian National Congress, The Muslim League, and the Sikh community into agreement on what has come to be known as The 3 June Plan or The Mountbatten Plan to peacefully partition. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/life-and-times-of-lord-mountbatten-3-dvds-tv-series-all-12-pa312.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Beatles Live At Shea Stadium 1965 DVD MP4 Download USB Flash Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1965: Aesthetics: Performing Arts: Premieres: Theatre Premieres: Musical Premieres: United States Musical Premieres: The Beatles' 1965 US Tour: The Beatles 1965 Shea Stadium Concert: -- The Beatles play to nearly 60,000 fans at Shea Stadium in New York City, an event later regarded as the birth of stadium rock. It was the opening show of the 1965 Beatles Tour. It was record-breaking, and one of the most famous concert events of its era. It set records for attendance and revenue generation. Promoter Sid Bernstein said, "Over 55,000 people saw the Beatles at Shea Stadium. We took 304K USD, the greatest gross ever in the history of show business." It remained the highest concert attendance in the United States until 1973, when Led Zeppelin played to an audience of 56,000 in Tampa, Florida. This demonstrated that outdoor concerts on a large scale could be successful and profitable. The Beatles received 160K USD for their performance, which equated to 100 USD for each second they were on stage. For this concert, the Young Rascals, a New York band championed by Bernstein, were added to the bill. The Beatles were transported to the rooftop Port Authority Heliport at the World's Fair by a New York Airways Boeing Vertol 107-II helicopter, then took a Wells Fargo armoured truck to Shea Stadium. Two thousand security personnel were at the venue to handle crowd control. The crowd was confined to the spectator areas of the stadium, with nobody other than the band members, their entourage, and security personnel allowed on the field. As a result of this, the audience was a long distance away from the band while they played on a small stage in the middle of the field. "Beatlemania" was at one of its highest marks at the Shea Concert. Film footage taken at the concert shows many teenagers and women crying, screaming, and even fainting. The crowd noise was such that security guards can be seen covering their ears as the Beatles enter the field. Despite the heavy security presence individual fans broke onto the field a number of times during the concert and had to be chased down and restrained. Concert film footage also shows John Lennon light-heartedly pointing out one such incident as he attempted to talk to the audience in between songs. The deafening level of crowd noise, coupled with the distance between the band and the audience, meant that nobody in the stadium could hear much of anything. Vox had specially designed 100-watt amplifiers for this tour; however, it was still not anywhere near loud enough, so the Beatles used the house amplification system. Lennon described the noise as "wild" and also twice as deafening when the Beatles performed. On-stage "fold-back" speakers were not in common use in 1965, rendering the Beatles' playing inaudible to each other, forcing them to just play through a list of songs nervously, not knowing what kind of sound was being produced, or whether they were playing in unison. The Beatles section of the concert was extremely short by modern standards (just 30 minutes) but was the typical 1965 Beatles tour set list, with Starr opting to sing "Act Naturally" instead of "I Wanna Be Your Man". Referring to the enormity of the 1965 concert, Lennon later told Bernstein: "You know, Sid, at Shea Stadium I saw the top of the mountain." Barrow described it as "the ultimate pinnacle of Beatlemania" and "the group's brightly-shining summer solstice". The concert was attended by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones and their manager, Andrew Loog Oldham. Afterwards, the Beatles spent the evening and part of the next day socialising with Bob Dylan in their suite in the Warwick Hotel. The Beatles played at Shea Stadium one more time during The Beatles' 1966 US Tour on August 23rd. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-beatles-live-at-shea-stadium-19651965.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Decades: The 1960s TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15-17, 1969: Counterculture Of The 1960s: The Hippie Movement: Counterculture Festivals: Music Festivals: Pop Festivals: Rock Festivals: The Woodstock Music And Art Fair (The Woodstock Festival, Woodstock): -- The Woodstock Music And Art Fair opens in upstate New York, a music festival featuring some of the top rock musicians of the era which attracted an audience of more than 400,000. Scheduled for August 15-17 on a dairy farm in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York State, northwest of New York City, it ran over to Monday, August 18. Billed as "An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace and Music", it was held at Max Yasgur's 600-acre (240 ha; 0.94 sq mi) dairy farm near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel. Located in Sullivan County, Bethel is 43 miles (70 km) southwest of the town of Woodstock in adjoining Ulster County. During the sometimes rainy weekend, 32 acts performed outdoors. It is widely regarded as a pivotal moment in popular music history, as well as the definitive nexus for the larger counterculture generation. The event was captured in the Academy Award-winning 1970 documentary movie Woodstock, an accompanying soundtrack album, and Joni Mitchell's song "Woodstock", which commemorated the event and became a major hit for both Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young and Matthews Southern Comfort. Joni Mitchell said, "Woodstock was a spark of beauty" where half-a-million kids "saw that they were part of a greater organism". In 2017, the festival site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/decades-the-1960s-dvd-set-peter-jennings-tv-series-3-19603.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Radio First Termer: Dave Rabbit Vietnam Radio CD, MP3 Download, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

( #JCKaelin here: Another birthday anniversary of a passed friend. Thanks for shining the light of your true identity with me - and I'm sorry I had to turn down your offer to go do the reboot of the show in Iraq like you asked me to :) ) ========= August 15, 1948: #BOTD: #HBD! Dave Rabbit (real name Dave Delay), friend of EarthStation1.com generally and of J. C. Kaelin especially, who secretly broadcast "Radio First Termer" a pirate radio station which operated in January 1971 in Saigon during the Vietnam War (d. January 20, 2012) is #born Clyde David DeLay in Dallas, Texas, and grew up in nearby Richardson. "He was very funny and friendly," said Ted Dodson of Grapevine, a friend since their days at Richardson High School. Mr. Dodson remembers his friend riding around Richardson with six people packed into his Corvair convertible. Mr. DeLay joined the Air Force after graduating from Richardson High in 1967. He served as an inventory specialist and was honored for his outstanding contributions during the 30 days he volunteered for a security police assignment. He was wounded when his supply convoy was attacked. He did not realize he had been wounded until he was back at the base and preparing to shower. A friend spotted the hole in his leg. "The adrenaline was going so high, he didn't know he'd been shot," his son said. Mr. DeLay was trained as a radio studio engineer during his third tour in Vietnam. Resentment was growing among the troops, who wanted better access to current music and better news coverage of the war and conditions in Vietnam. He set up his pirate station in a secret improvised studio in the back room of a Saigon brothel, placing mattresses on the walls of his studio to block any bawdy noises. DeLay had help from his buddies in the Air Force police, who protected his operation. The station broadcast for 63 hours over 21 nights between January 1-21, 1971. The station played "hard acid rock" such as Steppenwolf, Bloodrock, Three Dog Night, Led Zeppelin, Sugarloaf, the James Gang, and Iron Butterfly, bands which were popular among the troops, but largely ignored by the American Forces Vietnam Network. The music was mixed with antiwar commentary, skits poking fun at the U.S. Air Force and Lyndon B. Johnson, and raunchy sex and drug oriented jokes. Mr. DeLay shut down the station when he felt his police friends were in danger of being discovered. In January 1995 J. C. Kaelin digitized .wav sound files of this broadcast and posted them to Usenet .wav newsgroups shortly thereafter, and when he founded EarthStation1.com on March 26, 1996, it opened with a collection of those sound files. In February 2006, the anonymous "Dave Rabbit" who made these broadcasts revealed himself in an email to J. C. as Dave DeLay. Dave Rabbit and EarthStation1's J. C. Kaelin became friends in 2006, when Dave sought J. C. out due to his audio work on his Radio First Termer pirate radio broadcasts that he himself created and posted to Usenet newsgroups in early 1995, and had uploaded to my EarthStation1.com web page back in 1996. Dave Rabbit wanted J. C. Kaelin to go with him to Baghdad with him to do his reboot of Radio First Termer show there -- "The same thing he did back in Vietnam was the same thing he was trying to do for the troops now: keeping their spirits up and letting them have a little something from back home," his son said -- but J. C. had his own thing going on stateside, and being in Baghdad at that time was not exactly in the cards :). Dave Rabbit died on a Friday at Baylor Medical Center at Garland of acute respiratory distress syndrome, aged 63. He is survived by his two sons, Dallas with daughter in law Cori Higbee, Chandler with daughter in law Chelsea Herrick, brothers John and Dobie, and sisters Pamela, Francesca and Haven. Visitations were held from 6-8pm, Wednesday, January 25th at Restland Funeral Home, and services wer held 3:30pm, Thursday, January 26th, at Restland Memorial Chapel. He is buried at Restland Memorial Park in an unincorporated area of Dallas County, Texas between Dallas and Richardson. https://store.earthstation1.com/radio-first-termer-mp3-cd-dave-rabbit-vietnam-war-broadcast3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Korea: The 38th Parallel Korean War Richard Basehart MP4 Download DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: National Liberation Day (South Korea) (Korean: Gwangbokjeol, "Bringing Back The Light"): -- August 15, 1948: Modern day South Korea is established as The Republic Of Korea south of the 38th parallel, a government now known as The First Republic Of Korea. This first Republic Of Korea was the government of South Korea from August 1948 to April 1960. It was founded after the transfer from the United States Army Military Government that governed South Korea, taking place on the third anniversary of the end of Japanese rule of Korea (August 15, 1945), and becoming the first independent republican government in Korea. Syngman Rhee became the first president of South Korea following the May 1948 general election, and the National Assembly in Seoul promulgated South Korea's first constitution in July, establishing a presidential system of government. The First Republic claimed sovereignty over all of Korea, but only controlled Korea south of the 38th parallel until the end of the Korean War in 1953, when the border was modified. The first republic was characterized by Rhee's authoritarianism and corruption, limited economic development, strong anti-communism, and by the late 1950s growing political instability and public opposition to Rhee. The April Revolution in April 1960 led to Rhee's resignation and the transition to the second Republic of South Korea (April 19, 1960 - May 16, 1961); after South Korea's December 1987 elections, the government of South Korea is known as The Sixth Republic Of Korea. https://store.earthstation1.com/korea-the-38th-parallel-korean-war-d38.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Mystery Of The Full Moon: Science Psychology Biology Faith DVD MP4

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: Chant At The Moon Day: -- A day for lovers of cherries to celebrate summer, where the days are long and the nights are longer, and when Washington state picks its most lucious cherries! Today we join thousands of people around the country to chant (or even, howl) into the heavens as part of this annual event inspired by the Wenatchee, Washington-based fruit grower, Stemilt's, and their high-elevation cherries. According to local legend, harvesting Stemilt's cherries around the full moon makes them sweeter. The moon's gravitational pull enhances the tree roots where the cherries are grown. Stemilt decided all this sweetness deserved a celebration - so gather your friends together and let loose your best lunar cheer! https://store.earthstation1.com/mysteries-of-the-full-moon-science-biology-psychology-spirituality.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Super Sense Animal Perception/Plant Adaptation TV Series DVD, MP4, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: Check The Chip Day: -- It's that time of the year when we raise awareness regarding the importance of microchipping, which greatly helps in reuniting missing pets with their owners. In fact, every second a family pet is lost, with only one in ten ever being found. As per consensus, approximately ten million pets are lost annually. Microchipping provides peace of mind to pet owners as it confirms the safety of their beloved pets. Gone are the days when pets were kept in cages. Now, they can be free and out of harm's way. Although microchipping pets may seems like a modern invention, it began to take form in the mid-1980s. A California-based animal microchip manufacturer called Avid Identification Systems Inc. first filed for a license for this technology in 1985. However, it wasn't until 1989 that the first microchips were planted into our furry companions. In that same year, in the U.K., it became a permanent method of identifying and tracking lost animals. According to Mary Metzner, the director of shelter operations for Avid Inc., this technology works by activating a rice grain-sized radio frequency identification device (R.F.I.D.) with a handheld scanner. Pet microchipping quickly rose to global prominence following its introduction to the U.K. In the 1990s, a group of microchip suppliers, veterinarians, and animal charities joined hands to form the Microchip Advisory Group (Microchip Trade Association, as called today). Around this time, the technical and compatibility issues of microchips were discussed by the Federation of European Companion Animal Veterinary Associations (F.E.C.A.V.A.) to control the quality and improve the standard of microchips for animals. Their plan included establishing a code of conduct for veterinarians and maintaining a high standard of excellence for their equipment and database. By 1996, the International Standards Organization (I.S.O.) introduced the I.S.O. 11784-1996 and the I.S.O. 11785-1996, which were adopted by the U.K. to ensure the safety of animals by using the latest technology. Today, microchipped pets have a 20-fold higher return-to-owner rate than non-microchipped ones. Check the Chip Day is a good way to raise awareness about this efficient technology that ensures a pet's safety. https://store.earthstation1.com/super-sense--animal-perception-tv-series-dvd-mp4-download-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Junior G-Men Of The Air Radio Series Dead End Kids MP3 Set CD, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: National Leathercraft Day: -- This day was created to honor the art of leathercrafting, as well as the skill it takes. Leather is one of the most versatile materials to ever exist and has been in existence since the stone age. Tandy Leather created this day to acknowledge this fact and appreciate the creative skill of leathercrafting. We almost cannot go an entire day without leather. It's in the shoes we wear, the cover of our couches and car seats, and even in the belts holding up our pants. Leather is one of the most versatile materials made by man, and crafting leather is one of the most useful skills in the history of humankind. Leather is made from the skin and hides of different animals and is used to create a variety of items such as clothing, shoes, furniture, and tools or equipment. It has existed as long as humans needed to hunt for food or kill for protection, but the leather-making techniques themselves - hide working, tanning and crusting - have existed for as long as 400,000 years. In the Stone Age, humans would use the hides of animals as protection from the elements, with the oldest leather tanning tools and footwear dating back to this time. In the Bronze Age, it became a viable material for crafting tools, weapons, and shields, and by the Iron Age, the leather had achieved an added advantage as a material for jewelry like armbands. Ancient Grecians and Romans could be considered trendsetters as they found a way to use leather, not just in a protective way, but also in an aesthetic one with the creation of sandals and bags, and by the Middle Ages, it was being used for clothing, saddles, books, boxes, and other arts & craft equipment. Bringing it back to modern times, Tandy Leather is one of the largest distributors of leather and leatherwork products in America, at wholesale and retail levels, with over 100 stores worldwide. Now owned by The Leather Factory, Tandy Leather is the creator of National Leathercraft Day and established the holiday in 2018 to recognize the art of leathercrafting. https://store.earthstation1.com/junior-gmen-of-the-air-mp3-cd-old-time-radio-dead-end-kid3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Music & Dance Shows #3 Thaxton, Revere, Kinks DVD, MP4, Flash Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: National Relaxation Day: -- Sometimes, you just have to stop and smell the roses! While you won't make it far in life without putting your best foot forward, that American work ethic can be a double-edged sword. It's hard to avoid burnout without kicking that foot up on an ottoman every now and then! National Relaxation Day gives you a chance to just. say. no. No, you won't be braiding Kiki's hair. No, you don't feel like cooking Pennywhistle Pasta for the school bazaar. It's your time to kick back and chill! National Relaxation Day is celebrated annually on August 15. We thought an adult would have pitched the idea for this holiday, but it was actually Michigan-based Sean Moeller who thought of this day in 1985 when he was nine years old! With an idea like this, we are sure he must have gone on to do many other great things in life. National Relaxation Day advocates chilling out and promotes stress relief through meditation and other relaxation techniques. Managing stress requires relaxation, which leads to a clearer and calmer mind. Relaxation also breeds positivity and better concentration. The hustle and bustle of the daily grind leaves most of us on the verge of burnout, and there just never seems to be enough time to just kick back and relax. Those with a busy schedule look forward to Relaxation Day, even if it's just to get some headspace. The rule of the day is to avoid doing anything stressful. This is important. Playing video games can be a relaxing activity, but if the video game you are playing is one where you get frustrated, it's probably not a good idea. A better idea is to spend the day lying in a hammock. https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-3-thaxton-revere-amp-kinks-dv3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Romer's Egypt Ancient Egypt TV Series/The Hyksos Invasion MP4 DVD Set

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: Wafaa-El-Nil (The Flooding Of The Nile): -- Egyptians celebrate the first day of a two week series of cultural celebrations that recognize the importance of the Nile River in Egypt's culture, economy, and social activities. The people acknowledge how their rich history, culture, and economic prosperity have stemmed from the flooding of the river. The literal English translation of Wafaa-El-Nil is 'Fidelity of the Nile', a phrase that touches on how Egyptians see the annual event as a constant that one's faith can depend upon. The Nile is amongst the smallest of the world's rivers, measured by the water flowing through it yearly. About 6,650 km long, it goes through eleven African countries: Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the D.R.C, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of Sudan, and Egypt. The Nile is the main water source of Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan. It supports agriculture and fishing. The Flooding of The Nile has been celebrated in Egypt for thousands of years. It's an event that's taken place even longer. Before Egypt was even an idea, The Nile was bursting its banks regardless of whether anyone was around to witness the awe-inspiring natural event or not. When Egypt came into being, the citizens ascribed the sudden rise of the river to their gods. They believed that The Nile flooded every year because Isis cried for her husband, Osiris after he'd been slain by Set. The river flooded because of the tears she shed as she tried to knit her husband's body back together. The actual reason the flooding was so cherished was that the flooded river would leave behind black silt when the water levels returned to normal. This black silt was rich in minerals and vitamins that allowed crops planted in it to flourish. The river flooding was what allowed the Egyptians to grow successful crops in the desert. This floodplain constitutes only 3% of Egypt's land and is very fertile. It was a general rule that the prosperity of the year was dependent on how much silt the floods left behind. If the floods did not cause the levels to rise that much then there would be famine in that year because what the people could plant was determined by how high the river had risen. Grain is stored in prosperous years in case of drought. https://store.earthstation1.com/romer39s-egypt-dvd-set-complete-tv-series-2-di392.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Nobel Century Nobel Prize History TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Stick

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: World Greatness Day: -- Professor Patrick Businge established this festival to honor all things great in life. This day draws our attention to the individuals who have had a significant impact on our lives. Whether it's a parent, a friend, or a cherished pet, this is our moment to honor and thank those people. Above all, it's a day to think about your own brilliance. Businge believes that everyone is capable of greatness and that it is critical to build confidence and self-esteem to share that greatness with the rest of the world. World Greatness Day is celebrated annually on August 15. This documents the day this holiday was registered in the National Day Archives. Dr. Patrick Businge, the author of "Greatness Code," started this holiday as a way to express your gratitude to the great people in your life. It's a day to celebrate people, businesses, places, pets, and anything else great in your life. This day also aims to help people foster or discover the greatness within themselves. Dr. Businge is a professor who taught over 50,000 people throughout the United Kingdom, Europe, Africa, and North America. He has acquired ten postgraduate qualifications from over seven universities and is consistently improving himself. Dr. Patrick Businge founded Greatness University to help enact his beliefs. This university is one of its kind. Its core belief is that there is greatness in everyone and that this greatness can leave footprints. This institution aims to discover and develop the greatness in people and help them translate that greatness into success. They do this through a process they call 'greatnisation' in which they help people discover their greatness and officially declare them great over three stages - identification, research, and greatnisation. The names of these great people are documented in an annual publication called the "World Book of Greatness." The university has many publications dedicated to teaching people about greatness and helping them discover it, such as the "Greatness Code," "Beatitudes of Greatness," and "Les Brown Changed Our Lives." The institution offers a 'greatness constantly' with Dr. Buisnage and many other sessions to help develop your greatness. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-nobel-century-nobel-prize-history-tv-series-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic Juvenile Delinquency Films Collection MP4 Video Download DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: National Back To School Prep Day: -- Today captures the exciting new beginning that is the start of a new school year. Whilst you have no doubt been enjoying the fruits of the summer, this day is your opportunity to begin planning for the school year ahead. Do you have all the supplies that you need? Is the homework station set up? Now's the time to be thinking about this stuff. For many of us, this coming school year will start on a different foot, with the pandemic meaning that there'll be lots of virtual classes and hybrid learning. Education experts Brainly are tracking the largest school districts across the country to see what some of the most influential leaders in education will decide for their communities this fall. Take a look at the tracker to find out the latest updates. Whatever your circumstances it's important to prepare adequately and be organized so that everyone is set up for a successful school year, and that's why National Back To School Prep Day is here. You've got this! https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-juvenile-delinquency-films-collection-mp4-video-download-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Secret Of The Templars Series + Bonus Title MP4 Video Download DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: National Acadian Day (Canada): -- Every year, certain Canadian regions commemorate the holiday to honor the Acadian people and culture. The Acadian leaders were given the mandate to designate the date of this celebration, which is also the feast of the Assumption Of Mary, during the first National Convention of the Acadians in Memramcook, New Brunswick, in 1881. The Acadians, who originated in France, were the first Europeans to permanently settle in Canada. The history and culture of Canada's Acadian people are commemorated on National Acadian Day. When France founded Nova Scotia in Port Royal in 1605 as North America's first permanent settlement, thousands of Acadians were compelled to abandon their homes and relocate as a result of the Great Upheaval, which lasted from 1755 to 1763. Many people eventually returned to the Acadian region, but others never did. National Acadian Day was founded in 1881 at the first National Convention of the Acadians in Memramcook, New Brunswick, when the Acadian leaders were given the task of deciding on a date for the celebration, which coincided with the Assumption of Mary's feast day. The date was the subject of a debate at the convention between those who wanted Acadians to commemorate Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day, which has been a national day of French Canadians since 1834 and a national holiday of Quebec since 1977, on June 24, and those who wanted the commemoration to take place on August 15. During this time, a significant number of Acadian leaders were traditionalists who desired the preservation of pre-revolutionary France's ideals and practices. This did not stop the Acadians from adopting a tricolor flag at the Miscouche convention three years later. With his statement before the conference, Abbot Marcel-Francois Richard, who supported August 15, is thought to have influenced the outcome. By January 1938, the Vatican approved the Acadian convention's choice in a declaration. National Acadian Day became an official Canadian holiday in 2003, thanks to the efforts of the Canadian Parliament. https://store.earthstation1.com/seofteseboti.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The American Diary: US History 1895-1933 TV Series DVD MP4 USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: Panama La Vieja Day (The Foundation Of Old Panama City Day): -- A celebration of the founding of the original Panama City. Citizens of Panama have the day off and spend it with friends and families at home or enjoy one of the many parades or festivals that boast a good time and plenty of food. Panama City was first founded on August 15, 1519, by Pedrarias Davila. It was the first permanent European settlement on the Pacific Ocean. Its position and rapid development led to it being given the status of a city by the Crown of Spain. It served as a portal for gold stolen from the Incas that was shipped to Spain. The fledgling city was pivotal in further explorations of Peru and provided a point to launch expeditions into the country. Panama City flourished for many years. The growing city was at the center of the gold and silver trade and became a key point in the trade between Latin America and the Philippines. Old Panama City was the crowning city of the region before its untimely downfall in 1671. The mighty city was attacked by the Welsh pirate Henry Morgan and his 1,500 men. The invaders easily overwhelmed the city's militia and terrorized the city of Panama. During the attack, a fire was started that nearly engulfed the city while the pirates wreaked havoc. Thousands lost their lives in the attack. In the aftermath, the Spanish governor ordered that the city be moved further inland to prevent such an attack from happening again. Panama City did move and with its continued growth, the ruins of Old Panama City became a part of the suburbs of the new city. Nowadays, Old Panama City is a town of ruin and memories that are open for guided tours and wandering for an affordable admission. The ruins of the church, convent, and several of the more stately homes are the buildings that have survived time and weathering the best. Despite the old city being uninhabitable, it still brings in a huge amount of tourism and money to Panama. ========= August 15, 1519: Panama City, Panama is founded. It is the capital and largest city of Panama. It has an urban population of 880,691, with over 1.5 million in its metropolitan area. The city is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, in the province of Panama. The city is the political and administrative center of the country, as well as a hub for banking and commerce. ========= August 15, 1914: The Panama Canal opens to traffic with the transit of the cargo ship SS Ancon. The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. Canal locks are at each end to lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, 26 m (85 ft) above sea level, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 34 m (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016. The expanded canal began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, post-Panamax ships, capable of handling more cargo. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project in 1904 during the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduced the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos-Carter Treaties provided for handover to Panama. After a period of joint American-Panamanian control, in 1999, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government and is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority. Annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships in 1914, when the canal opened, to 14,702 vessels in 2008, for a total of 333.7 million Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tons. By 2012, more than 815,000 vessels had passed through the canal. It takes 11.38 hours to pass through the Panama Canal. The American Society of Civil Engineers has called the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world. ========= https://store.earthstation1.com/american-diary-complete-us-historytv-series-2-dual-layer-dvd2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Go For Broke WWII Japanese-American 442nd Infantry DVD, MP4, USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1946: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War): The History Of Asian Americans: The History Of Japanese Americans: The Internment Of Japanese Americans: United States Armed Forces: The 442nd Infantry Regiment: -- The 442nd Infantry Regiment of the United States Army (Japanese: Dai 442 Hohei Rentai), best known as the most decorated in U.S. military history and as a fighting unit composed almost entirely of second-generation American soldiers of Japanese ancestry (Nisei) is deactivated at Honolulu, Hawaii. Beginning in 1944, the regiment fought primarily in the European Theatre, in particular Italy, southern France, and Germany. The 442nd Regimental Combat Team (RCT) was organized on March 23, 1943, in response to the War Department's call for volunteers to form the segregated Japanese American army combat unit. More than 12,000 Nisei (second-generation Japanese American) volunteers answered the call. Ultimately 2,686 from Hawaii and 1,500 from mainland U.S. internment camps assembled at Camp Shelby, Mississippi in April 1943 for a year of infantry training. Many of the soldiers from the continental U.S. had families in internment camps while they fought abroad. The unit's motto was "Go for Broke". Created as the 442nd Regimental Combat Team (Japanese: Dai 442 Rentai Sento-dan) when it was activated 1 February 1943, the unit quickly grew to its fighting complement of about 4,000 men by April 1943, and an eventual total of about 10,000 men served in the combined 100th Infantry Battalion and 442nd RCT. The combined units earned, in less than two years, more than 4,000 Purple Hearts and 4,000 Bronze Star Medals. The unit was awarded seven Presidential Unit Citations (seven between 1944 and 1946, five earned in one month). Twenty-one of its members were awarded the Medal of Honor. In 2010, Congress approved the granting of the Congressional Gold Medal to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and associated units who served during World War II, and in 2012, all surviving members were made chevaliers of the French Legion d'Honneur for their actions contributing to the liberation of France and their heroic rescue of the Lost Battalion. Arriving in the European Theatre, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, with its second and third infantry battalions, one artillery battalion and associated HQ and service companies, was attached to the 34th Infantry Division. On 11 June 1944, near Civitavecchia, Italy, the 100th Infantry Battalion, another all-Nisei fighting unit which had already been in combat since September 1943, was transferred from the 133rd Infantry Regiment to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Because of its combat record, the 100th was allowed to keep their original designation as the 100th Infantry Battalion. The related 522nd Field Artillery Battalion liberated at least one of the satellite labor camps of Dachau concentration camp and saved survivors of a death march near Waakirchen. The 442nd RCT was inactivated in 1946 and reactivated as a reserve battalion in 1947, garrisoned at Fort Shafter, Hawaii. The 442nd lives on through the 100th Battalion/442nd Infantry Regiment, and is the only current infantry formation in the Army Reserve. More information about the current 100th Battalion/442nd Infantry Regiment and its current alignment with the active 25th Infantry Division, the reserve 9th Mission Support Command, and its combat duty in the Vietnam War and the Iraq War can be found at 100th Infantry Battalion (United States). The 100th/442nd's current members carry on the honors and traditions of the historical unit. In recognition of its storied combat record, the 100th/442nd was also one of the last units allowed to use its individual shoulder sleeve insignia. https://store.earthstation1.com/go-for-broke-dvd-japaneseamerican-442nd-infantry-division-w442.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Guns Of August (1964) WWI Film DVD, Video Download, USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1914: The European Civil War: World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World War I): The Guns Of August: The Eastern Front Of World War I: The Russian Invasion Of East Prussia (1914): -- The Imperial Russian Army's 1st Army (Russian: 1-Ya Armiya), led by General Paul von Rennenkampf, invades East Prussia; shortly thereafter, the 2nd Army (Russian: 2-Ya Armiya), commanded by General Alexander Samsonov, accompanies them. After declaring war on the German Empire, the Russian Empire had been able to mobilize very quickly. All Russian forces were put under the command of Grand Duke Nikolai and his Quartermaster General Yuri Danilov. The invading forces made a determined and speedy attack on East Prussia. However, the First and Second Armies were stopped by the German Eighth Army, led by Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and his chief of staff, General Erich Ludendorff. The German and Russian armies met at Tannenberg, where the Second Army was encircled and suffered complete destruction. Both the First and Second Armies suffered terrible casualties in one of the most comprehensive German victories of World War I. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-guns-of-august-dvd-1964-world-war-i-movie-documen1964.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Great War (1964) TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1914: The European Civil War: World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World War I): The Guns Of August: The Balkans Theatre (The Balkan Campaign): Serbian Campaign: The Battle Of Cer: -- The first Allied victory over the Central Powers of the First World War, and the first aerial dogfight of the war, takes place around Cer Mountain and several surrounding villages, as well as the town of Sabac, the administrative centre of the Macva District, all in western Serbia. In a battle that formed part of the first Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia, elements of the Serbian 1st Combined Division encountered that evening Austro-Hungarian outposts that had been established on the slopes of Cer Mountain earlier in the invasion. The clashes that followed escalated into a battle for control over several towns and villages near the mountain, especially Sabac. On August 19, the morale of the Austro-Hungarians collapsed and thousands of soldiers retreated into Austria-Hungary with many of them drowning in the Drina River as they fled in panic. On August 24 the Serbs re-entered Sabac, marking the end of the battle. Serbian casualties after nearly ten days of fighting were 3,000-5,000 killed and 15,000 wounded. Those of the Austro-Hungarians were significantly higher, with 6,000-10,000 soldiers killed, 30,000 wounded and 4,500 taken as prisoners of war. During the battle, Serbian aviator Miodrag Tomic encountered an Austro-Hungarian plane while performing a reconnaissance mission over enemy positions. The Austro-Hungarian pilot fired at Tomic with his revolver. Tomic managed to escape, and, within several weeks, all Serbian and Austro-Hungarian planes were fitted with machine guns. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-great-war-dvd-set-1964-wwi-tv-series-26-shows-1964266.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: France: Conquest To Liberation In World War II MP4 Video Download DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1945: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): Vichy France (The French State): The Liberation Of France: The Aftermath Of World War II: The High Court Of Justice (French: Haute Cour De Justice) Court Of Cassation (The French Supreme Court) Treason Trial Of Philippe Petain: -- The post-war treason trial against Philippe Petain, former Chief Of State Of Vichy France and Prime Minister Of Occupied France, ends when the verdict finally comes at 4 AM: guilty on all counts. The trial begn on July 23, 1945 in a specially constituted French High Court, the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, in Batignolles, a neighbourhood of Paris, France, part of its 17th arrondissement. Petain had come to power in 1940 as a national saviour, the one man who would get France the best deal following military defeat and the 'desertion' of the British army at Dunkirk. He would negotiate an armistice, but there would be no peace treaty. Part of France would remain under French control, the navy and the empire would not be affected, and the great general who had led the victory parade on the Champs-Elysees in 1918, the 'Victor of Verdun', would once again protect his people. The subsequent Vichy regime (described by one cynic as 'a banana republic without the bananas') was recognised around the world - even in the United States, which kept an ambassador in the spa town, France's new capital, from 1941 to 1942. In reality, what followed was the STO (Service du travail obligatoire), a forced labour programme which obliged 650,000 Frenchmen to work in German factories, the deportation of 24,000 French citizens on the sole grounds that they were Jewish, and the deployment of French police in the rafles (round ups) of 53,000 Jewish refugees who had fled to France for protection. Following the liberation of France, on September 8, 1944, a few months after being greeted by cheering crowds in Paris, Marshal Philippe Petain, the head of the wartime Etat Francais, was driven across the German frontier into exile under Gestapo escort along other members of the French cabinet at Vichy and relocated to the Sigmaringen enclave in Germany, where they became a government-in-exile until April 1945. He no longer had access to the national radio service, so, as he passed through France, typed copies of his last speech had to be thrown to passers-by from the window of his car. Petain, having been forced to leave France, refused to participate in this government and Fernand de Brinon now headed the "government commission". In a note dated October 29 1944, Petain forbade de Brinon to use the Marshal's name in any connection with this new government, and on April 5, 1945, Petain wrote a note to Hitler expressing his wish to return to France. No reply ever came. Meanwhile, de Gaulle's government decided to put Petain on trial in absentia before a new high court was set up to try the Vichy leaders It would be a symbolic ceremony with only one possible outcome, designed to unify the nation and heal the humiliation of defeat. However, to everyone's dismay, and much to de Gaulle's irritation, Petain arrived in Paris in time to attend the trial, having turned up in France on the Franco-Swiss border, two days after he was taken on his birthday to the Swiss side of the border. Petain's most senior lawyer planned to focus on the Marshal's age (he was 89), appealing for pity for the former hero of Verdun. Petain was being tried for treason and "not only the humiliating collaboration but the subjection of France to Germany". This was, as a French parliamentarian proclaimed on the eve of the trial: "about establishing in the eyes of the world that Petain does not incarnate either France or France's traditions". Not an easy task, nor a straightforward demonstration. Julian Jackson gives a chilling and meticulous account of the hopeless mediocrity of almost all people involved in the case; from judges and jurors (resistants and parliamentarians) to lawyers prosecutors and witnesses. Everybody seemed animated by petty or self-serving feelings; they were either out of their depth or spineless, but above all most were morally ambivalent. Before it began, De Gaulle had presciently talked of Petain's trial as a "lamentable but inevitable" event. There were, however, a few remarkable minds attending and they could be found on the press benches. Among them, the formidable Janet Flanner for The New Yorker and the resistant writer Joseph Kessel, hired by France-Soir. Julian Jackson's meticulous, engaging history of Petain the collaborator general and his downfall, as reported by The Guardian who is one of the primary sources of this listing, describes this event as 'the central crisis of 20th-century French history'. Throughout the trial, before judges who had previously sworn an oath of loyalty to the marshal, Petain sat in passive silence, leading many to wonder how much of the evidence he could understand. As a Marshal of France, he was given an ornate, cushioned throne rather than the dock. On this he slumbered, looking his age - 89 - although he was in many ways much older. Born during the reign of Napoleon III, he had been taught to read by a priest who had himself been born in the reign of Louis XV, 15 years before the French Revolution. The values that Petain had absorbed as a child in the 1850s were already a century out of date. Facing charges that he had been a pre-war member of la Cagoule ('the Hood'), a terrorist conspiracy, and had plotted to seize power and make peace with the Nazis, he responded with a brief statement: 'I was begged to come, and I came. I found I had inherited a catastrophic situation not of my making. Those who were really responsible hid behind me to deflect the people's anger.' Then he left his defence to the star of the show, Jacques Isorni, his youthful barrister. Jackson frequently quotes from the diary of one conscientious juror, Jacques Lecompte-Boinet, a conservative Gaullist resister, who kept an open mind until the evidence was complete. He accepted that Petain's policies had sheltered many from deportation and was repelled by the hysterical loathing whipped up by the communist jurors. The PCF (French Communist party) had a guilty conscience. From 1939 to 1941, the years of the Nazi-Soviet pact, the party's call for 'international workers' fraternisation against a capitalist war' had gone much further than Petain's original appeal for 'collaboration'. Outside the court, in the press and even on the jury, the PCF kept up an unrelenting pressure for douze balles -'12 bullets': execution by firing squad. They had an objective ally in the show's stage villain Laval, who appeared as a witness for the prosecution, even though he was awaiting his own trial. He claimed that the marshal had endorsed everything he himself had planned or accomplished: the handshake with Hitler in 1940, the policy of ever closer collaboration, the imposition of the Yellow Star, the addition of Jewish children to the deportation convoys, and even Laval's notorious broadcast stating his desire for Germany's victory. Laval was tried later that year, after which, gagged and strapped to a chair, he was shot. Had he been tried first, it is just possible that Petain would have been acquitted. Had Pierre Laval been tried first, it was just possible that Petain would have been acquitted. One of the complications of Petain's trial, as Jackson points out, was a lack of clarity as to what constituted treason. Was it Petain's original decision to capitulate and seek an armistice, as de Gaulle believed? Was it his failure in 1940 to send the government to Algeria, where the army and navy were undefeated? Was it his refusal to leave France and join the Allies in North Africa after Germany occupied the Vichy zone in 1942? The fate of the 76,000 Jews sent to the death camps was largely overlooked. Dressed in the uniform of a Marshal of France, Petain remained silent through most of the proceedings after an initial statement that denied the right of the High Court, as constituted, to try him. As Petain sat in passive silence, many were lead to wonder how much of the evidence he could understand. When asked whether Petain was a traitor, the politicians and democrats who had facilitated the rise of this reactionary to power through the 30s to June 1940 preferred to remain evasive. Charging Petain meant charging themselves at a time when they fought to be exonerated. Only Leon Blum, former head of the leftwing Front Populaire government in 1936, imprisoned by Vichy, was crystal clear: "An absence of moral confidence was the base of the Vichy government, and that is treason. Treason is the act of selling out." On August 10, the public prosecutor spoke for five hours. "As he listed concession after concession, capitulation after capitulation, declaration after declaration, message after message, his re_quisitoire [indictment] started to gain momentum." He demanded death for Petain. Then came the defence. Petain's lawyers counterattacked by developing the idea that "if Pe_tain was guilty so were the French - so was France". For his young and romantic lawyer, Jacques Isorni, Petain had in fact been a "shield" for the French, preventing the Nazis from turning France into another Poland. For Jackson, "the idea that Vichy had been a shield for the Jews is superficially supported by the incontrovertible fact that the total percentage of Jews deported to their deaths from France was significantly lower than that of other occupied countries in western Europe: 25% in France, 50% in Belgium and Norway, 73% in the Netherlands." There are many other explanations for those figures, notably that an innumerable number of French people actively rescued and protected their Jewish compatriots. When the verdict came in, and as the judges returned to their seats, Kessel wrote: "Never have I experienced such an intensity of silence in this overcrowded room. An interminable silence, a silence which hardens, a silence which becomes like a presence. The presence of history." The judgment took 17 minutes to read out. The defence was able to clear Petain of membership of the terrorist conspiracy and of plotting to seize power, and Isorni's brilliant closing speech reduced a high court, packed with Resistance and communist jurors, to complete silence. Isorni pleaded for an acquittal, and very nearly succeeded. Nevertheless, at the end of Petain's trial, he was convicted on all charges, and the jury voted for the death penanlty by a vote of 14 for an 13 against - a one-vote majority - and so Petain was condemned to "the death penalty, indignite_ nationale, the confiscation of his property"; however, the high court expressed "the wish that the judgment not be carried out" owing to the accused's age. De Gaulle, who was President of the Provisional Government of the French Republic at the end of the war, commuted the sentence to life imprisonment due to Petain's age. After his conviction, the court stripped Petain of all military ranks and honours including the distinction of Marshal of France. Fearing riots at the announcement of the sentence, de Gaulle ordered that Petain be immediately transported on the former's private aircraft to Fort du Portalet in the Pyrenees, where he remained from August 15 to November 16, 1945. The government later transferred him to the Fort de Pierre-Levee citadel on the Ile d'Yeu, a small island off the French Atlantic coast. Over the following years Petain's lawyers and many foreign governments and dignitaries, including Queen Mary and the Duke of Windsor, appealed to successive French governments for Petain's release, but given the unstable state of Fourth Republic politics, no government was willing to risk unpopularity by releasing him. As early as June 1946, U.S. President Harry S. Truman interceded in vain for his release, even offering to provide political asylum in the U.S. A similar offer was later made by the Spanish dictator General Francisco Franco. Although Petain had still been in good health for his age at the time of his imprisonment, by late 1947, he suffered from memory lapses. By January 1949, his lucid intervals were becoming fewer and fewer. On March 3, 1949, a meeting of the Council of Ministers, many of its members "self-proclaimed heroes of the Resistance" in the words of biographer Charles Williams, had a fierce argument about a medical report recommending that he be moved to Val-de-Grace (a military hospital in Paris), a measure to which Prime Minister Henri Queuille had previously been sympathetic. By May, Petain required constant nursing care, and often suffered from hallucinations, e.g. that he was commanding armies in battle, or that naked women were dancing around his room. By the end of 1949, Petain was suffering from severe cognitive impairment, with only occasional moments of lucidity. He was also beginning to suffer from heart problems and was no longer able to walk without assistance. Plans were made for his death and funeral. On June 8, 1951, President Vincent Auriol, informed that Petain did not have much longer to live, commuted his sentence to confinement in hospital; the news was kept secret until after the elections on 17 June, but by then, Petain was too ill to be moved to Paris. Petain died on the sixth anniversary of the beginning of the trial. De Gaulle himself later criticised the trial, stating "Too often, the discussions took on the appearance of a partisan trial, sometimes even a settling of accounts, when the whole affair should have been treated only from the standpoint of national defence and independence." As Jackson explained: "De Gaulle knew he was on thin ice when claiming that Vichy was illegal. For that reason, he generally preferred to talk about legitimacy." In the end, the difference between Petain and De Gaulle, between Vichy and the Free French, was their idea of honour. France's duty had been to fight on whatever the risks, whatever the sacrifices. De Gaulle and his army of resistants saved France's honour by the skin of their teeth. The novelist and resister Francois Mauriac summarised the ordeal as the "trial that is never over and will never end". https://store.earthstation1.com/france-conquest-to-liberation-occupied-and-vichy-wwii.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Crusade In Europe WWII TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1944: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Mediterranean And Middle East Theatre Of World War II: The Liberation Of France: Operation Dragoon (initially Operation Anvil) (The Allied Invasion Of Provence, The Allied Invasion Of Southern France, The Allied Liberation Of Provence, The Allied Liberation Of Southern France): -- The Allied liberation of Southern France begins with the objective of liberating Marseille from the Germans and the Vichy French, which was ultimately achieved on August 23. Disembarked French units had headed for the port cities of Marseille and Toulon. The initial plan was to capture the ports in succession, but the unexpected Allied advance allowed the French commander de Lattre de Tassigny to attack both ports almost simultaneously. He split his forces into two units, with Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert given the task to take Toulon from the east while Edgard de Larminat drove north to encircle the city at the flanks. The Germans had a significant force stationed in both cities, but they lacked the time to prepare for a determined defense. After heavy fighting around Hyeres, which temporarily stopped the advance, French forces approached Toulon on 19 August. At the same time, Monsabert swung around the city, enveloped it, and cut off the highway between Toulon and Marseille. On 21 August, the French pressed into Toulon, and heavy fighting ensued. The heavy German resistance led to an argument between Larminat and de Tassigny, after which de Tassigny took over direct command of the operation, dismissing Larminat. By 26 August, the remaining German units had surrendered. The battle for Toulon cost the French 2,700 casualties, but they captured all remaining German forces, which lost their entire garrison of 18,000 men. At the same time, Monsabert's attempt to liberate Marseille commenced. At first, a German force at Aubagne was defeated before French troops attacked the city directly. Unlike Toulon, the German commander at Marseille did not evacuate the civilian population, which became increasingly hostile. The resulting fighting with FFI troops further weakened the German units, which were exhausted from partisan fighting. The Wehrmacht was not able to defend on a broad front and soon crumbled into numerous isolated strongpoints. On 27 August, most of the city was liberated, with only a few small strongpoints remaining, and on 28 August, German troops issued the official surrender. The battle caused 1,825 French casualties, but 11,000 German troops were captured. In both harbours, German engineers had demolished port facilities to deny their use to the Allies. https://store.earthstation1.com/crusade-in-europe-2-dual-layer-dvds-tv-series-eisenhowe2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Battleline (1963) WWII TV Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1942: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Mediterranean And Middle East Theater Of World War II: The Battle Of The Mediterranean: The Siege Of Malta (World War II): Operation Pedestal (Italian: Battaglia di Mezzo Agosto, "Battle Of Mid-August", Maltese: Il-Konvoj Ta' Santa Marija, "The Convoy Of Santa Maria"): -- The SS Ohio reaches the island of Malta barely afloat carrying vital kerosene and diesel aviation fuel oil supplies for the island's defenses. The SS Ohio was an oil tanker built for the Texas Oil Company (now Texaco). Operation Pedestal was one of the fiercest and most heavily contested of the Malta convoys. Although Ohio reached Malta successfully, she was so badly damaged that she had to be effectively scuttled in order to offload her cargo; the ship broke in two from the damage she had sustained, and as there were insufficient shipyard facilities to repair the tanker, the two halves were used for storage, and later barracks facilities for Yugoslavian troops. On September 19, 1946 the forward half of Ohio was towed ten miles offshore and sunk by gunfire from the destroyer HMS Virago. On October 3, the stern half was scuttled in deep water using explosive charges laid by the salvage vessel RFA Salventure. The tanker is fondly remembered in Malta, where to this day she is considered to be the savior of the beleaguered island. The Siege of Malta in World War II was a military campaign in the Mediterranean Theatre. From June 1940 to November 1942, the fight for the control of the strategically important island of the British Crown Colony of Malta, which pitted the air forces and navies of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany against the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Royal Navy. Operation Pedestal (Italian: Battaglia Di Mezzo Agosto, "Battle Of Mid-August"; Maltese: Il-Konvoj Ta' Santa Marija, "The Convoy of St. Mary"), was a British naval convoy operation to carry supplies to the island of Malta in August 1942. Malta was a base from which British ships, submarines and aircraft attacked Axis convoys to Libya, during the North African Campaign (1940-1943). From 1940 to 1942, the Axis conducted the Siege of Malta, with air and naval forces. Despite many losses, enough supplies were delivered by the British for the population and military forces on Malta to resist, although it ceased to be an offensive base for much of 1942. The most crucial supply item in Operation Pedestal was fuel, carried by SS Ohio, an American tanker with a British crew. The convoy sailed from Britain on August 3, 1942 and passed through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean on the night of 9/10 August. The Axis attempt to prevent the fifty ships of the convoy reaching Malta using bombers, German E-boats, Italian MAS and MS boats, minefields and submarine ambushes, was the last sizeable Axis success in the Mediterranean. More than 500 Merchant and Royal Navy sailors and airmen were killed and only five of the 14 merchant ships reached Grand Harbour. While costly for the Allies, it was a strategic victory; the arrival of Ohio justified the decision to hazard so many warships; its cargo of aviation fuel revitalised the Maltese air offensive against Axis shipping. Submarines returned to Malta and Supermarine Spitfires flown from the aircraft carrier HMS Furious enabled a maximum effort to be made against Axis ships. Italian convoys had to detour further away from the island, lengthening the journey and increasing the time during which air and naval attacks could be mounted. The Siege of Malta was broken by the Allied re-conquest of Egypt and Libya after the Second Battle Of El Alamein (October 23 - November 11) and by Operation Torch (November 8-16) in the western Mediterranean, which enabled land-based aircraft to escort merchant ships to the island. https://store.earthstation1.com/battleline-wwii-tv-documentary-series-5-dual-layer-dvd5.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Struggles For Poland TV Series + Bonus MP4 Video Download DVD Set

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1920: Soviet War: The Battle Of Warsaw (1920) (Polish: Bitwa Warszawska; Russian: Varshavskaya Bitva) (The Miracle On The Vistula (Polish: Cud Nad Wisla): The Battle Of Radzymin (1920) (Polish: Bitwa Pod Radzyminem): -- Radzymin, a distant suburb of Warsaw, falls to the Red Army after heavy fighting and changing hands several times, and the lines of the Polish 5th Army led by General Wladyslaw Sikorski's are broken, having had to fight three Soviet armies at once: the 3rd, 4th, and 15th. Despite all this, the Polish 5th Army counterattacks, crossing the Wkra River and, facing the numerically and technically superior combined forces of the Soviet 3rd and 15th Armies, halting the Soviet advance toward Warsaw and Modlin and recapturing Radzymin all by the end of August 15, which boosted the Polish morale. From then on, Sikorski's 5th Army pushed exhausted Soviet units away from Warsaw, in an almost Blitzkrieg-like operation. Sikorski's units were given the support of almost all of the small number of mechanized units - tanks and armoured cars - that the Polish army had, as well as that of the two Polish armoured trains. Advancing rapidly at the speed of 30 kilometres a day, the 5th Army disrupted the Soviet's northern envelopment manoeuvre. The Battle Of Warsaw (Polish: Bitwa Warszawska, Russian: Varshavskaya Bitva, Ukrainian: Varshavs Ka Bytva), also known as The Miracle On The Vistula (Polish: Cud Nad Wisla), was a series of battles that resulted in a decisive Polish victory in 1920 during the Polish-Soviet War. Poland, on the verge of total defeat, repulsed and defeated the Red Army. After the Polish Kiev Offensive, Soviet forces launched a successful counterattack in summer 1920, forcing the Polish army to retreat westward in disarray. The Polish forces seemed on the verge of disintegration and observers predicted a decisive Soviet victory. The Battle Of Warsaw was fought from August 12-25, 1920 as Red Army forces commanded by Mikhail Tukhachevsky approached the Polish capital of Warsaw and the nearby Modlin Fortress. On August 16, Polish forces commanded by Jozef Pilsudski counterattacked from the south, disrupting the enemy's offensive, forcing the Russian forces into a disorganized withdrawal eastward and behind the Neman River. Estimated Russian losses were 10,000 killed, 500 missing, 30,000 wounded, and 66,000 taken prisoner, compared with Polish losses of some 4,500 killed, 10,000 missing, and 22,000 wounded. The defeat crippled the Red Army; Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik leader, called it "an enormous defeat" for his forces. In the following months, several more Polish follow-up victories secured Poland's independence and led to a peace treaty with Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine later that year, securing the Polish state's eastern frontiers until 1939. The politician and diplomat Edgar Vincent regards this event as one of the most important battles in history on his expanded list of most decisive battles, since the Polish victory over the Soviets halted the spread of communism further westwards into Europe. A Soviet victory, which would have led to the creation of a pro-Soviet Communist Poland, would have put the Soviets directly on the eastern border of Germany, where considerable revolutionary ferment was present at the time. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-struggles-for-poland-dvd-set-all-9-shows-5-dis95.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Rock & Roll An Unruly History 10 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 2008: #DOTD: #RIP: Jerry Wexler, American music journalist turned music producer, a major influence on American popular music from the 1950s through the 1980s, credited with coining the term "rhythm and blues" (b. January 10, 1917) #dies at his home in Sarasota, Florida, aged 91, from congestive heart failure. He is buried at Sarasota Memorial Park in Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida. Asked by a documentary filmmaker several years before his death what he wanted on his tombstone, Wexler replied "Two words: 'More bass'." Jerry Wexler was born Gerald Wexler in The Bronx, New York City, the son of a German Jewish father and a Polish Jewish mother. He grew up in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan. Despite graduating from George Washington High School at age 15, he dropped out of the City College of New York after two semesters. In 1935, Wexler enrolled at what is now Kansas State University, where he studied intermittently for several years. Following his service in the Army, Wexler became a serious student, and he graduated from Kansas State with a B.A. in journalism in 1946. Jerry Wexler was integral in signing and/or producing many of the biggest acts of the time, including Ray Charles, the Allman Brothers, Chris Connor, Aretha Franklin, Led Zeppelin, Wilson Pickett, Dire Straits, Dusty Springfield and Bob Dylan. Wexler was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987 and in 2017 to the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. https://store.earthstation1.com/rock-amp-roll-an-unruly-history-10-part-tv-series-mp4-video-download-104.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Archival Cartoon Classics #1 Follow The Bouncing Ball MP4 Download DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1925: #BOTD: #HBD! Oscar Peterson, African Canadian virtuoso jazz pianist and composer, knowns "The Brown Bomber Of The Boogie-Woogie", "The Maharaja Of The Keyboard" by Duke Ellington, "O.P." by friends, "The King Of Inside Swing" by colleagues, considered one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time (d. December 23, 2007) is #born Oscar Emmanuel Peterson in Montreal, Quebec, to immigrants from the West Indies subregion of Saint Kitts and Nevis and the British Virgin Islands. Oscar Emmanuel Peterson CC CQ OOnt (CC: Order Of Canada, CQ: National Order Of Quebec, OOnt: Order Of Ontario) released more than 200 recordings, won seven Grammy Awards, as well as a lifetime achievement award from the Recording Academy, and received numerous other awards and honours. He played thousands of concerts worldwide in a career lasting more than 60 years. Oscar Peterson died of kidney failure at his home in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, aged 82. He is buried at Saint Peter's Anglican Church Cemetery in Erindale, Ontario, Canada. https://store.earthstation1.com/archival-cartoon-classics-1-follow-the-bouncing-ball-mp4-download-d14.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Berlin Wall w/Mike Wallace JFK Ich Bin Ein Berliner & More MP4 DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1961: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1953-1962): The Eastern Bloc (The Communist Bloc, The Socialist Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): East Germany (German: Ostdeutschland) (The German Democratic Republic [GDR] [German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR]): Berlin: The History Of Berlin: The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer): The Escape Of Konrad Schumann: -- Three days after the Berlin Wall came into existence after the East German government closed the border between east and west sectors of Berlin with barbed wire to discourage emigration to the West, East German border guard Conrad Schumann (Konrad Schumann) leaped over the concertina wire and escaped to West Berlin, and thereby into West Germany, while on duty guarding the construction of the Berlin Wall. The 19-year-old Schumann was sent to the corner of Ruppiner Strasse and Bernauer Strasse to guard the Berlin Wall on its third day of construction. At that time and place, the wall was only a single coil of concertina wire. From the other side, West Germans shouted to him, "Komm' rueber!" ("Come over!"), and a police car pulled up to wait for him. Schumann jumped over the barbed wire while dropping his PPSh-41 submachine gun and was promptly driven away from the scene by the West Berlin police. West German photographer Peter Leibing photographed Schumann's escape. This photograph, entitled "Leap into Freedom," has since become an iconic image of the Cold War era and featured at the beginning of the 1982 Disney film Night Crossing. The scene, including Schumann's preparations, was also filmed on 16-mm film from the same perspective by camera man Dieter Hoffmann. Schumann went from West Berlin into West Germany, where he settled in Bavaria. A famous Schumann inspired work of graffiti was placed on a 1.3km long section of the western side of the Berlin Wall on Muehlenstrasse in the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough of Berlin, near the centre of West Berlin, that is now on display The East Side Gallery, an open-air gallery in Berlin that serves as an international memorial for freedom. Hans Konrad Schumann (March 28, 1942 - June 20, 1998) was born in Zschochau (now part of Ostrau, Saxony) during World War II. Schumann enlisted in the East German Bereitschaftspolizei (state police), a division of the Volkspolizei or VoPos, following his 18th birthday. After three months' training in Dresden, he was posted to a non-commissioned officers' college in Potsdam, after which he volunteered for service in Berlin. A year after his escape, he met and married Kunigunde Gunda in Guenzburg. They had a son the next year. He took up a new job at a winery and eventually at the Audi car assembly factory in Ingolstadt, where he worked for nearly 30 years. After the fall of the Berlin Wall Schumann said, "Only since 9 November 1989 [the date of the fall] have I felt truly free." Even so, he continued to feel more at home in Bavaria than in his birthplace, citing old frictions with his former colleagues, and was even hesitant to visit his parents and siblings in Saxony. On June 20, 1998, suffering from depression, he committed suicide, hanging himself in his orchard near the town of Kipfenberg in Upper Bavaria. His body was found by his wife a few hours later. In May 2011, the photograph of Schumann's "leap into freedom" was inducted into the UNESCO Memory of the World programme as part of a collection of documents on the fall of the Berlin Wall. A sculpture called Mauerspringer ("Walljumper") by Florian and Michael Brauer and Edward Anders can be seen close to the site of the defection, but has since been moved to the side of a building on Brunnenstrasse, several meters south of Bernauer Strasse. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-berlin-wall-documentary-mike-wallace-dvd-mp4-download-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Sold Down The River: Black Freedom Lost After Civil War DVD, MP4, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1908: White Supremacy: Terrorism: Anti-Black Racism: Anti-Black Racism In The United States: Race Riots: Race Riots In The United States: The Nadir Of American Race Relations (1877/1890 - 1901/1923/1941 [Dates Disputed]): Terrorism: The Springfield Race Riot Of 1908: -- A mass three-day white riot committed by a mob of some 5,000 white Americans and European immigrants against African Americans in Springfield, Illinois continues for the second of its three-day duration. Two black men had been arrested as suspects in the rape, and attempted rape, respectively, of two young white women. When a mob seeking to lynch the men discovered the sheriff had transferred them out of the city to prevent such violence, the whites furiously spread out to attack black neighborhoods, murdered black citizens on the streets, and destroyed black businesses and homes. The riot, trials and aftermath are said to be one of the most well-documented examples of the complex intersection of race, class, and criminal justice in the United States. The Springfield Race Riot Of 1908 was made up of a series of violent actions initiated against African Americans by a mob of about 5,000 white Americans and European immigrants, in Springfield, Illinois, between August 14-16, 1908. In 2008, an NPR report on the centenary of the race riot said that the fact of its taking place in a Northern state, specifically in "The Land of Lincoln," demonstrated that blacks were mistreated across the country, not just in the South. They described the event as a proxy for the story of race in America. Sixteen deaths were documented as a result of the riot, and more persons may have died: nine black residents died, and seven white residents who were associated with the mob; five were killed by state militia and two committed suicide. It was mistakenly reported for decades that blacks were responsible for white deaths, and that more whites than blacks had died. Personal and property damages were suffered overwhelmingly by blacks, as dozens of black homes and businesses were destroyed, as well as three white-owned businesses of suspected black sympathizers. As a result of the riot, numerous blacks left Springfield, but it is unclear how many moved away permanently. The riot was a catalyst for the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), organized to work on civil rights for African Americans. The National Negro Committee, formed in New York City on May 31 - June 1, 1909, was created in direct response to the Springfield Race Riot Of 1908 against the black community in Springfield, Illinois. Prominent black activists and white progressives called for a national conference to discuss African American civil rights. They met to address the social, economic, and political rights of African Americans. It was this meeting that served as the predecessor to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), as the National Negro Committee ceased to exist on May 12, 1910, again in New York City, when it transformed into the NAACP during the National Negro Committe's second and last meeting. https://store.earthstation1.com/sold-down-the-river-black-liberty39s-loss-after-civil-war-dvd-mp4-394.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Macbeth (1981) Lincoln Center Theater Company DVD, Download, USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1057: #DOTD: King Macbeth #dies when he is killed at the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of Mael Coluim mac Donnchada. He is buried at St. Oran's Chapel Cemetery-The Reilig Ourain on The Isle Of Iona, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Macbeth is the historical basis of Shakespeare's play Macbeth. Macbeth (Medieval Gaelic: Mac Bethad mac Findlaich; Modern Gaelic: MacBheatha mac Fhionnlaigh; nicknamed Ri Deircc, "the Red King" (b. c. 1005) was King of Scots from 1040 until his death. He was titled King of Alba during his life, and ruled over only a portion of present-day Scotland. Little is known about Macbeth's early life, although he was the son of Findlaech of Moray and may have been a grandson of Malcolm II. He became Mormaer of Moray - a semi-autonomous lordship - in 1032, and was probably responsible for the death of the previous mormaer, Gille Coemgain. He subsequently married Gille Coemgain's widow, Gruoch, although they had no children together. In 1040, Duncan I launched an attack into Moray and was killed in action by Macbeth's troops. Macbeth succeeded him as King of Alba and thereby Kind of Scots, apparently with little opposition. His 17-year reign was mostly peaceful, although in 1054 he was faced with an English invasion, led by Siward, Earl of Northumbria, on behalf of Edward the Confessor. Macbeth was killed at the Battle of Lumphanan in 1057 by forces loyal to the future Malcolm III, King of Scots from 1058 to 1093. He is buried on Iona, the traditional resting place of Scottish kings. Macbeth was initially succeeded by his stepson Lulach, but Lulach ruled for only a few months before also being killed by Malcolm III, whose descendants would rule Scotland until the late 13th century. Macbeth is today best known as the main character of William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth and the many works it has inspired. However, Shakespeare's Macbeth is based on the Holinshed's Chronicles, also known as Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, a collaborative work published in several volumes and two editions that was a large, comprehensive description of British history, despite its being historically inaccurate. The Chronicles are a source of interest to many because of their extensive links to Shakespeare's plays. https://store.earthstation1.com/macbeth-1981-2-dvds-shakespeare-lincoln-center-theater-co19812.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: JFK Assassination MP3 Collection CD, MP3 Download, USB Flash Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1974: #DOTD: Clay Shaw, Amercan playwright, soldier and businessman in New Orleans, Louisiana who worked with the CIA and was prosecuted by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison for being and accomplice in the plot to assassinate John F. Kennedy (b. March 17, 1913) #dies at his New Orleans home of metastatic lung cancer caused by being a heavy smoker most of his life, aged of 61. He is buried in Woodland Cemetery in Kentwood, Louisiana. Clay Shaw was born Clay LaVerne Shaw in Kentwood, Louisiana. Shaw served as an officer in the United States Army during World War II. He served as secretary to the General Staff and later served in Europe. He was decorated by three nations: the United States with the Legion of Merit and Bronze Star, by France with the Croix de Guerre and named Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite, and by Belgium named Knight of the Order of the Crown of Belgium. Shaw was honorably discharged from the United States Army as a major in 1946. After World War II Shaw helped start the International Trade Mart in New Orleans which facilitated the sales of both domestic and imported goods. He was known locally for his efforts to preserve buildings in New Orleans' historic French Quarter. Shaw was also a published playwright. The best-known of his works, Submerged (1929), was co-written with H. Stuart Cottman when both were still high-school students. New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison prosecuted Clay Shaw on the charge that Shaw and a group of activists, including David Ferrie and Guy Banister, were involved in a conspiracy with elements of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the John F. Kennedy assassination. Garrison arrested Shaw on March 1, 1967. Garrison believed that Shaw was the man named as "Clay Bertrand" in the Warren Commission Report. Garrison said that Shaw used the alias Clay Bertrand in New Orleans' gay society. During the trial, which took place in January-February 1969, Garrison called insurance salesman Perry Russo as his main witness. Russo testified that he had attended a party at the apartment of anti-Castro activist David Ferrie. At the party, Russo said that Lee Harvey Oswald (who Russo said was introduced to him as "Leon Oswald"), David Ferrie, and "Clay Bertrand" (who Russo identified in the courtroom as Shaw) had discussed killing Kennedy. The conversation included plans for the "triangulation of crossfire" and alibis for the participants. Critics of Garrison argue that his own records indicate that Russo's story had evolved over time. A key source was the "Sciambra Memo", which recorded Assistant D.A. Andrew Sciambra's first interview with Russo. The memo does not mention an "assassination party", and says that Russo met with Shaw on two occasions, neither of which occurred at the party. On March 1, 1969 Shaw was acquitted less than one hour after the case went to the jury. Shaw denied any part of a conspiracy and said of the slain President: "I was a great admirer of Kennedy. I thought he had given the nation a new turn after the rather drab Eisenhower years ... I felt he was vitally concerned about social issues, which concerned me also. I thought he had youth, imagination, style, and elan. All in all, I considered him a splendid president." At the time of his death, Shaw was engaged in a 5M USD lawsuit against Garrison and members of an organization, Truth and Consequences Inc., that financed Garrison's investigation. As Shaw had no surviving relatives, the United States Supreme Court dismissed the suit in 1978. In 1979, Richard Helms, former Director of the CIA, testified under oath that Shaw had been a part-time contact of the Domestic Contact Service (DCS) of the CIA, where Shaw volunteered information from his travels abroad, mostly to Latin America. Like Shaw, 150,000 Americans (businessmen, and journalists, etc.) had provided such information to the DCS by the mid-1970s "on a nonclandestine basis" and that "such acts of cooperation should not be confused with an actual Agency relationship". Tommy Lee Jones portrayed Shaw in Oliver Stone's 1991 film JFK. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the role. https://store.earthstation1.com/jfk-assassination-mp3-set-cd-download-usb-flash-driv3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Frank Lloyd Wright Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1914: Crime: Crime In The United States: Murders: Mass Murders: The Taliesin Attack And Fire (The Attack And Fire At Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin): -- #DOTD: #RIP: Julian Carlton, a servant of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, murders seven people with an axe and sets fire to the living quarters of Wright's Wisconsin home, Taliesin. Julian Carlton was a 31-year-old man who came to work as a chef and servant at Taliesin for the summer. Carlton was an Afro-Caribbean of West Indian descent, ostensibly from Barbados. He was recommended to Wright by John Vogelsong Jr., the caterer for the Midway Gardens project. Carlton and his wife Gertrude had previously served in the house of Vogelsong's parents in Chicago. Originally a genial presence on the estate, Carlton grew increasingly paranoid. He stayed up late at night with a butcher knife, looking out the window. This behavior had been noticed by Wright and Borthwick, who issued an ad in a local paper for a replacement cook. Carlton was given notice that August 15, 1914, would be his last day in their employ. Before he left, Carlton plotted to kill the residents of Taliesin. His primary target was draftsman Emil Brodelle, who had called Carlton a "black son-of-a-bitch" on August 12 for not following an order. Brodelle and Carlton also engaged in a minor physical confrontation two days later. He planned the assault, targeting the noon hour, when Borthwick, her children, and the studio personnel would be on opposite sides of the property awaiting lunch. Wright was away in Chicago completing Midway Gardens while Borthwick stayed at home with her two children, 11-year old John and 9-year-old Martha. On August 15, Carlton grabbed a shingling hatchet and began an attack. He started with the Borthwicks, who were waiting on the porch off the living room. Mamah Borthwick was killed by a single blow to the face, and her son John was slaughtered as he sat in his chair. Martha managed to flee, but was hunted down and slain in the courtyard. He then coated the bodies in gasoline and lit them on fire, setting the house ablaze. Carlton then turned his attention to the other six residents, pouring gasoline underneath the door of the far end of the residence and setting it on fire. Draftsman Herbert Fritz managed to break open a window and escape, though he broke his arm in the process. Carlton then entered the other dining room and killed Brodelle. He then hid, waiting for the other residents to try to escape. As foreman William Weston and his 13-year-old son Ernest ran through the door, Carlton attacked with the hatchet. The Westons escaped, but Ernest died from his wounds hours later. Carlton sought out the final two residents, laborer Thomas Brunker and gardener David Lindblom. Brunker and Lindblom managed to fight off Carlton and escape, but died days later from their burns and injuries. With the house empty, Carlton ran to the basement and into a fireproof furnace chamber. He brought a small vial of hydrochloric acid with him as a fallback plan in case the heat became too much for him to handle. Carlton did attempt suicide by swallowing the acid, but it failed to kill him. Lindblom and Weston alerted a neighboring farm of the attack. Weston then returned to the studio and used a garden hose to help extinguish the flames. His efforts saved the studio portion of the building and the many Wright manuscripts. Eventually, neighbors arrived to assist in putting out the fire and to search for survivors. Iowa County Sheriff John Williams located Carlton and arrested him. Carlton was transferred to the county jail in Dodgeville.Gertrude was found in a nearby field, apparently unaware of her husband's intentions. She was dressed in travel clothes, expecting to catch a train to Chicago with Julian to seek a new job. Gertrude was released from police custody shortly after the incident. She was sent to Chicago with $7 and was never heard from again. The hydrochloric acid that Carlton ingested failed to kill him, but did badly burn his esophagus, which made it difficult for him to ingest food. Carlton was indicted on August 16 and was charged with the murder of Mamah Borthwick, the only death that was directly witnessed by a survivor. Carlton entered a not guilty plea. Forty-seven days after the fire, before the case could be heard, Carlton died of starvation in his cell. https://store.earthstation1.com/frank-lloyd-wright-documentaries-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Genius That Was China Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1517: The Age Of Discovery (The Age Of Exploration): The Portugeuse Colonization Of China: The Mission Of Manuel I To China: -- Eight Portuguese ships, including seven armed vessels, led by Fernao Pires de Andrade land at the Pearl River estuary and meet Chinese officials, where they negotiate for possible silk and porcelain trade at Canton. The Chinese naval commander of Nantou (under the jurisdiction of Zhongshan, located at the mouth of the Pearl River) stalled Andrade's small fleet of ships for an entire month while Andrade waited for permission to sail upriver to Canton. After Andrade threatened to sail upriver without permission, the naval commander finally decided to let him pass, granting him pilots to assist his travel. Once the ships sailed into port at Canton, they alarmed the Chinese residents and officials there by discharging cannon fire, what they believed was a friendly salute since the Chinese merchants had done so when the Portuguese earlier arrived in Malacca. Chinese officials became even more cautious in dealing with the Portuguese, since the deposed King of Malacca had been a loyal tributary to the imperial Ming court. The Portuguese explained that in deposing the Malaccan king, they were helping the Chinese merchants there who were being oppressed under his rule. In the eyes of the Canton officials, this added further negative speculations about the Portuguese visitors, because private Chinese overseas trade was banned under the current laws of Hai Jin (Chinese: "Sea Ban", the isolationist policies restricting private maritime trading and coastal settlement in China) that stated only the Chinese government could conduct foreign trade. Although the local Canton officials watched the Portuguese and their ships closely, once the provincial authorities arrived at Canton they greeted the Portuguese with a warm reception, providing them comfortable lodgings and had their trade goods brought ashore. The Chinese became suspicious once again of Andrade, this time for being a spy, when he sent a ship along the Fujian coast to look for further trade prospects, but he left a good impression when he gave the order that any locals who might be harmed by a Portuguese should seek him for redress. Besides exploring Fujian, Andrade sent one of his captains named Jorge de Mascarenhas to explore the Ryukyu Islands of Japan after he heard of their beauty while stationed in Malacca. Captain Fernao Pires de Andrade (also spelled as Fernao Peres de Andrade; in contemporary sources, Fernam (Ferna) Perez Dandrade (died 1552) was a Portuguese merchant, pharmacist, and official diplomat under the explorer and Portuguese Malacca governor Afonso de Albuquerque. His encounter with Ming China in 1517 - after initial contacts by Jorge Alvares and Rafael Perestrello in 1513 and 1516, respectively - marked the resumption of direct European commercial and diplomatic contact with China. Even though there were Europeans in Medieval China, notably Marco Polo, that period of contact had been interrupted by the fall of the Yuan dynasty. Although de Andrade's mission was initially a success that allowed a Portuguese embassy to proceed all the way to Beijing, relations were soon spoiled by culminating events that led to an extremely negative impression of the Portuguese in China. This included acts of his brother Simao that enraged the Chinese, false reports of the Portuguese being cannibals of kidnapped Chinese children and true reports of their conquest of Malacca, a loyal Ming tributary state. Normalized trade and relations between Portugal and the Ming dynasty would not resume until the late 1540s and the 1557 establishment of Portuguese rule over Macau. Andrade was referred to as a "Folangji" in Ming dynastic archives. Folangji comes from Franques or Franks, which was a generic name the Muslims called Europeans since the Crusades, and which spawned the Indian-Southeast Asian term "ferengi". The Chinese adopted the convention when they first thought the Portuguese were related to those Muslim guides and interpreters during Fernao's first encounter and before Europeans directly convened with Chinese. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-genius-that-was-china-dvd-tv-documentary-series-2-disc-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Voice Of Will Rogers Comedy Record Album MP3 CD, Download, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1935: #DOTD: #RIP: Will Rogers #dies along with Wiley Post when they are killed after their aircraft develops engine problems during takeoff from a lagoon near Point Barrow in the Territory of Alaska. ========= Will Rogers, American cowboy, vaudeville performer, stage and motion picture actor, newspaper columnist, and social commentator humorist was born William Penn Adair Rogers on November 4, 1879 as a citizen of the Cherokee Nation in Oologah, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), and is known as "Oklahoma's Favorite Son". As an entertainer and humorist, he traveled around the world three times, made 71 films (50 silent films and 21 "talkies"), and wrote more than 4,000 nationally syndicated newspaper columns. By the mid-1930s, Rogers was hugely popular in the United States for his leading political wit and was the highest paid of Hollywood film stars. He died in 1935 with aviator Wiley Post when their small airplane crashed in northern Alaska. Rogers began his career as a performer on vaudeville. His rope act led to success in the Ziegfeld Follies, which in turn led to the first of his many movie contracts. His 1920s syndicated newspaper column and his radio appearances increased his visibility and popularity. Rogers crusaded for aviation expansion and provided Americans with first-hand accounts of his world travels. His earthy anecdotes and folksy style allowed him to poke fun at gangsters, prohibition, politicians, government programs, and a host of other controversial topics in a way that found general acclaim from a national audience with no one offended. His aphorisms, couched in humorous terms, were widely quoted: "I am not a member of an organized political party. I am a Democrat." One of Rogers's most famous sayings was "I never met a man I didn't like" and he even provided an epigram on this famous epigram: "When I die, my epitaph, or whatever you call those signs on gravestones, is going to read: "I joked about every prominent man of my time, but I never met a man I dident [sic] like." I am so proud of that, I can hardly wait to die so it can be carved." "All I know is what I read in the newspapers," he once joked. He was killed in an airplane crash along with the airplane's pilot, aviation pioneer Wiley Post, after their aircraft developed engine problems during takeoff in Barrow, Alaska, aged 55. He is buried at The Will Rogers Museum Grounds in Claremore, Oklahoma. ========= Wiley Post, American aviator pioneer during the interwar period, the first pilot to fly solo around the world., known for his work in high-altitude flying, for helping to develop one of the first pressure suits, discoverer of the jet stream, was born Wiley Hardeman Post to parents who cultivated cotton on a farm near Grand Saline, Texas. Post's famed Lockheed Vega aircraft, the Winnie Mae, was on display at the National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center from 2003 to 2011; it is now featured in the "Time and Navigation" gallery on the second floor of the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. He was killed in an airplane crash along with his passenger, humorist Will Rogers, after their aircraft developed engine problems during takeoff in Barrow, Alaska, aged 36. He is buried at Memorial Park Cemetery in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-voice-of-will-rogers-comedy-album-lp-mp3-c3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: An Old Time Radio Christmas MP3 Set DVD, Audio Download, USB Stick

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1939: Aesthetics: Performing Arts: Premieres: Film Premieres: American Film Premieres: -- The Wizard Of Oz opens at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles, California. The Wizard Of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time, it is the most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's fantasy novel The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz. Directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left the production to take over the troubled Gone With The Wind), the film stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, Billie Burke. Characterized by its use of Technicolor, fantasy storytelling, musical score, and memorable characters, the film has become an American pop culture icon. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, but lost to Gone With The Wind, also directed by Fleming. It did win in two other categories: Best Original Song for "Over the Rainbow" and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart. While the film was considered a critical success upon release in August 1939, it failed to make a profit for MGM until the 1949 re-release, earning only 3,017,000 USD on a 2,777,000 USD budget, not including promotional costs, which made it MGM's most expensive production at that time. The 1956 television broadcast premiere of the film on the CBS network reintroduced the film to the public; according to the Library of Congress, it is the most seen film in movie history. In 1989, it was selected by the U.S. Library of Congress as one of the first 25 films for preservation in the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". It is also one of the few films on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film was among the top ten in the 2005 BFI (British Film Institute) list of 50 films to be seen by the age of 14 and is on the BFI's updated list of 50 films to be seen by the age of 15, issued in May 2020. The Wizard Of Oz is the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, but others made uncredited contributions. The songs were written by Edgar "Yip" Harburg and composed by Harold Arlen. The musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart. Though author Baum did not offer any conclusive proof that he intended his novel to be a political allegory, and for 60 years after the book's publication "virtually nobody" had such an interpretation. Then, in a 1964 American Quarterly article entitled "The Wizard Of Oz: Parable on Populism", the American teacher Henry Littlefield posited that the book contained an allegory of the late 19th-century bimetallism debate regarding monetary policy. Littlefield's thesis achieved some support, but has been strenuously attacked by others. "The Winning of the Midwest" by Richard Jensen theorized that "Oz" was derived from the common abbreviation for "ounce", used for denoting quantities of gold and silver. https://store.earthstation1.com/christmas-radio-mp3-dvd-old-time-broadcast-antholog3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Blues Busters (1946) Bowery Boys DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1920: #BOTD: #HBD! Huntz Hall, American radio, theatrical, and motion picture performer noted primarily for his roles in the "Dead End Kids" movies, such as Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), which gave way to the "Bowery Boys" movie franchise, a prolific and highly successful series of comedies in the 1940s and 1950s (d. January 30, 1999) is #born Henry Richard Hall in New York City to Joseph Patrick Hall, an Irish immigrant engineer, and his wife Mary Ellen (Mullen). The 14th of 16 children, he was nicknamed "Huntz" because of his Teutonic-looking nose. Hall attended Catholic schools and started performing on radio at age 5. He appeared on Broadway in the 1935 production of Dead End, a play written and directed by Sidney Kingsley. Hall was then cast along with the other Dead End Kids in the 1937 film Dead End, directed by William Wyler and starring Humphrey Bogart. Hall served in the United States Army during World War II. In 1943, he appeared in the USN training film "Don't Kill Your Friends" as the moronic Ensign Dilbert the Pilot who, because of his carelessness and cavalier attitude, manages to kill a civilian and three servicemen. In 1948, Hall was arrested for possession of marijuana, but his 1949 trial resulted in a hung jury. Hall later played the increasingly buffoonish Horace DeBussy "Sach" Jones in 48 "The Bowery Boys" films, gaining top billing when his longtime partner Leo Gorcey left the series in 1956. Hall and Gorcey reunited in Second Fiddle to a Steel Guitar (1966) and The Phynx (1969). He also appeared in other films, including The Return of Doctor X (1939), the war film A Walk in the Sun (1945), Gentle Giant (1967), Herbie Rides Again (1974), and The Manchu Eagle Murder Caper Mystery (1975) opposite Gabriel Dell, another former Bowery Boy. In 1967, he became one of the celebrities featured on the cover of The Beatles' album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. In 1971, he co-starred along with Art Metrano, Jamie Farr and others in a sit-com on American TV, "The Chicago Teddy Bears". His plans to produce a movie series, "The Ghetto Boys" (a take on the "Bowery Boys"), fell through. In 1973, Hall took part in Princess Grace of Monaco's Council for Drug Abuse, which was part of the Catholic Office of Drug Education. In 1976, he appeared alongside other Hollywood veteran stars in Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood and in 1977, he played movie mogul Jesse Lasky in Ken Russell's film Valentino. His later films included roles in Gas Pump Girls (1979) and The Escape Artist (1982), the latter of which reunited him with Gabriel Dell. His final film appearance was in Auntie Lee's Meat Pies in 1993. He performed in dinner theater productions and then retired in 1994. Huntz Hall died from congestive heart failure on January 30, 1999 at the age of 78 in North Hollywood, California. He is interred in a niche at All Saints Episcopal Church in Pasadena, California. https://store.earthstation1.com/blues-busters-1946-bowery-boys-dvd-video-download-usb-flash-d1946.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Chet Huntley Presents Best Of Washington Humor Comedy LP MP3, CD, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1995: #DOTD: #RIP: John Cameron Swayze, American journalist, news commentator and game show panelist during the 1940s and 1950s who later became best known as a product spokesman (b. April 4, 1906) #dies in Sarasota, Florida, aged 89. He is buried at Round Hill Community Cemetery in Greenwich, Connecticut. John Cameron Swayze was born in Wichita, Kansas. Swayze first sought to work as an actor, but his activity on Broadway ended when acting roles became scarce following the Wall Street Crash Of 1929. Swayze and the actor-brothers Patrick Swayze and Don Swayze were sixth cousins once removed. https://store.earthstation1.com/chet-huntley-presents-best-of-washington-humor-comedy-lp-mp3-c3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Air War In Vietnam: Aerial Combat Roles & Missions DVD, Download, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1973: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: The Indochina Wars: The Vietnam War (The Second Indochina War, The Vietnam Conflict, The Resistance War Against America): The United States In The Vietnam War: The Cambodian Civil War: The Cambodian Campaign (The Cambodian Incursion, The Cambodian Liberation): Aerial Operations And Battles Of The Vietnam War: Operation Freedom Deal: -- The United States bombing of Cambodia ends. Operation Freedom Deal (May 19, 1970 - August 15, 1973) was a United States Seventh Air Force interdiction and close air support campaign waged in Cambodia, an expansion of the Vietnam War, as well as or the Cambodian Civil War. Launched by Richard Nixon as a follow-up to the earlier ground invasion during the Cambodian Campaign, the initial targets of the operation were the base areas and border sanctuaries of The People's Army Of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (VC). As time went on most of the bombing was carried out to support the Cambodian government of Lon Nol in its struggle against the communist Khmer Rouge. The area in which the bombing took place was expanded to include most of the eastern one-half of Cambodia. The bombing was extremely controversial, and led the U.S. Congress to pass the War Powers Resolution, a federal law intended to check the U.S. president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress. https://store.earthstation1.com/air-war-in-vietnam-dvd-aircraft-roles-history1.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Eyes On The Prize II: America At The Racial Crossroads DVD MP4 USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 2015: #DOTD: #RIP: Julian Bond, African American academic, politician, social activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement, politician, professor, writer and documentary narrator (b. January 14, 1940) dies from complications of vascular disease in Fort Walton Beach, Florida, at the age of 75. He is buried at South View Cemetery in Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia. Julian Bond was born Horace Julian Bond in Nashville, Tennessee. While a student at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, during the early 1960s, he helped to establish the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Bond was elected to four terms in the Georgia House of Representatives and later to six terms in the Georgia State Senate, serving a combined twenty years in both legislative chambers. From 1998 to 2010, he was chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the first president of the Southern Poverty Law Center. He narrated the American civil rights television documentary series Eyes On The Prize and Eyes On The Prize II. https://store.earthstation1.com/eyes-on-the-prize-ii-dvd-set-4-discs-complete-2nd-seri42.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Eyes On The Prize II: America At The Racial Crossroads DVD MP4 USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1979: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1962-1979): The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Two State Solution: The United Nations Division For Palestinian Rights: The Andrew Young Affair: -- The day after Andrew Young's tenure as US Ambassador to the United Nations ended, Andrew Young, American pastor, politician, diplomat, and activist, 14th United States Ambassador to the United Nations, resigns as UN ambassador under pressure after unauthorized meeting with representatives of the Palestine Liberation Organization was leaked on August 10, when news of Mossad's illegally-acquired transcript of the meeting was leaked first by Israel's Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and then through his office to Newsweek. The meeting was highly controversial since the United States had already promised Israel that it would not meet directly with the PLO until it recognized Israel's right to exist, and Andrew Young's resignation itself created a storm of controversy and divided the Black and Jewish communities. In July 1979, Young discovered that an upcoming report by the United Nations Division For Palestinian Rights called for the creation of a Palestinian State. Young wanted to delay the report because the Carter Administration was dealing with too many other issues at the time. He met with the UN representatives of several Arab countries to try to convince them the report should be delayed; they agreed in principle but insisted that the Palestine Liberation Organization also had to agree. As a result, on July 20, Young met with Zuhdi Labib Terzi, the UN representative of the PLO, at the apartment of the UN Ambassador from Kuwait. When news of the illegally-obtained transcript leak broke in Newsweek magazine on August 10, 1979, it was quickly dubbed "The Andy Young Affair". US President Jimmy Carter denied any complicity in the matter, and asked Young to resign. During the five-day period between the leak and his resignation as UN Ambassador, Young took a break and was invited by John F. Kennedy Jr. to speak about apartheid in South Africa at Brown University. Asked about the incident by Time shortly afterward, Young said, "It is very difficult to do the things that I think are in the interest of the country and maintain the standards of protocol and diplomacy.... I really don't feel a bit sorry for anything that I have done." Soon afterward, on the television show Meet The Press, he accurately characterized Israel's behavior regarding the matter as "stubborn and intransigent." After his ambassadorship ended, Young became a guest lecturer at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. https://store.earthstation1.com/eyes-on-the-prize-ii-dvd-set-4-discs-complete-2nd-seri42.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Search For Extraterrestrial Life And Aliens MP4 Video Download DVD

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1977: Astrobiology (Xenology, Exobiology): SETI (The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence): The Wow! Signal: -- The Big Ear, a radio telescope operated by Ohio State University as part of the SETI project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the "Wow! signal" from the notation made by a volunteer on the project. The Wow! signal remains the strongest candidate for an alien radio transmission publicly acknowledged to ever be detected. The Wow! signal was a strong narrowband radio signal received on August 15, 1977, by Ohio State University's Big Ear radio telescope in the United States, then used to support the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. The signal appeared to come from the constellation Sagittarius and bore the expected hallmarks of extraterrestrial origin. Astronomer Jerry R. Ehman discovered the anomaly a few days later while reviewing the recorded data. He was so impressed by the result that he circled the reading on the computer printout and wrote the comment "Wow!" on its side, leading to the event's widely used name. The entire signal sequence lasted for the full 72-second window during which Big Ear was able to observe it, but has not been detected since, despite several subsequent attempts by Ehman and others. Many hypotheses have been advanced on the origin of the emission, including natural and man-made sources, but none of them adequately explains the result. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-search-for-extraterrestrial-life-and-aliens-mp4-video-download-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Situation Hopeless But Not Serious (1966) DVD, Download, USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1925: #BOTD: #HBD! Mike Connors, American actor and producer (d. January 26, 2017) is #born Krekor Ohanian. He was best known for playing private detective Joe Mannix in the CBS television series Mannix from 1967-1975, a role which earned him a Golden Globe Award in 1970, the first of six straight nominations, as well as four consecutive Emmy nominations from 1970-1973. He starred in the short-lived series Tightrope! (1959-1960) and Today's FBI (1981-1982). Connors' acting career spanned six decades. In addition to his work on television, he appeared in numerous films, including Sudden Fear (1952), Situation Hopeless... But Not Serious (1965), Stagecoach (1966), Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die (1966), and Too Scared to Scream (1985), which he also produced. Mike Connors died in Tarzana, California, at the age of 91, a week after being diagnosed with leukemia. His remains were cremated, and the ashes were given to his widow Mary Lou Willey. https://store.earthstation1.com/situation-hopeless-but-not-serious-dvd-1966-alec-guin1966.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Cathedral: Animated & Live Documentary DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1248: Religion: The History Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: Cathedrals: Roman Catholic Cathedrals: Cathedrals In Germany: Cologne Cathedral (German: Kolner Dom) (The Cathedral Church Of Saint Peter (German: Hohe Domkirche Sankt Petrus): -- The foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral in Cologne, Northrhine-Westfalia, Germany is laid; construction of the cathedral was left incomplete over six centuries during the medieval period until its final completion on August 14, 1880. A masterpiece of exceptional intrinsic value and a powerful testimony to the strength and persistence of Christian belief in medieval and modern Europe, it was declared a World Heritage Site in 1996. It is the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe, is the tallest twin-spired church at 157 m (515 ft) tall, has the second-tallest spires, and the towers its two spires give the cathedral the largest facade of any church in the world. The choir has the largest height to width ratio, 3.6:1, of any medieval church. Germany's most visited landmark, attracting an average of 20,000 people a day, and the most famous landmark in Cologne, it is a renowned monument of German Catholicism and Gothic architecture. Cologne's medieval builders had planned a grand structure to house the reliquary of the Three Kings (the biblical Magi, also referred to as the Three Wise Men) and fit its role as a place of worship for the Holy Roman Emperor. Construction of Cologne Cathedral commenced in 1248 and was halted in 1473, leaving it unfinished. Work restarted in the 19th century and was completed, to the original plan, in 1880. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne and of the administration of the Archdiocese of Cologne. https://store.earthstation1.com/cathedral-dvd-their-building-in-cartoon-and-documentary-form.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Michelangelo Documentaries DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1483: Religion: The History Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: Chapels: Roman Catholic Chapels: Chapels Of The Vatican: The Apostolic Palace (Latin: Palatium Apostolicum; Italian: Palazzo Apostolico) (The Papal Palace, The Palace Of The Vatican, The Vatican Palace): Chapels Of The Apostolic Palace: The Sistine Chapel (Latin: Sacellum Sixtinum; Italian: Cappella Sistina): Masses: Roman Catholic Masses: Inaugural Masses: -- Pope Sixtus IV, following the completion of a series of frescos depicting Moses, Christ and Popes by Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Cosimo Rosselli, celebrates the first mass in the Sistine Chapel for the Feast of the Assumption, at which ceremony the chapel was consecrated and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The Sistine Chapel (Latin: Sacellum Sixtinum; Italian: Cappella Sistina) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope, in Vatican City. Originally known as the Cappella Magna ('Great Chapel'), the chapel takes its name from Pope Sixtus IV, who restored it between 1473 and 1481. Since that time, the chapel has served as a place of both religious and functionary papal activity. Today, it is the site of the papal conclave, the process by which a new pope is selected. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescos that decorate the interior, most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and The Last Judgment by Michelangelo. Between 1508 and 1512, under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted the chapel's ceiling, a project which changed the course of Western art and is regarded as one of the major artistic accomplishments of human civilization. In a different climate, after the Sack Of Rome, he returned and, between 1535 and 1541, painted The Last Judgment for Popes Clement VII and Paul III. The fame of Michelangelo's paintings has drawn multitudes of visitors to the chapel ever since they were exhibited to the public for the first time on November 1, 1512. https://store.earthstation1.com/michelangelo-documentaries-dvd-mp4-video-download-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Information Please Radio Quiz Show MP3 DVD, Audio Download, USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1879: #BOTD: #HBD! Ethel Barrymore, American stage, screen and radio actress and a member of the Barrymore family of actors (d. June 18, 1959) is #born Ethel Mae Blythe in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Barrymore's career spanned six decades, and was regarded as "The First Lady of the American Theatre". She received four nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, winning for None but the Lonely Heart (1944). Ethel Barrymore died of cardiovascular disease at the age of 79 at her home in Hollywood, California after having lived for many years with a heart condition. She is entombed at Calvary Cemetery. The Ethel Barrymore Theatre in New York City is named for her. https://store.earthstation1.com/complete-information-please-quiz-show-old-time-radio-mp3-dv3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Countess Alice 1992 Wendy Hiller Zoe Wanamaker DVD MP4 USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1912: #BOTD: #HBD! Wendy Hiller, English film and stage actress who enjoyed a varied acting career that spanned nearly 60 years (d. May 14, 2003) is #born Wendy Margaret Hiller in Bramhall, Cheshire, North West England. Dame Wendy Margaret Hiller, DBE (Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire) won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Separate Tables (1958). Her performance as Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion (1938) earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Despite many notable film performances, Hiller chose to remain primarily a stage actress. Wendy Hiller died at her home in Beaconsfield of natural causes at the age of 90. She is buried at St Mary Churchyard in Radnage, Wycombe District, Buckinghamshire, England. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-countess-alice-1992-wendy-hiller-zo-eb-wanamaker-dvd-mp19924.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Making Of The President 1964 POTUS Campaign LBJ DVD, Download, USB

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15, 1924: #BOTD: Phyllis Schlafly, American lawyer, writer, paleoconservative political and social activist. prominent anti-feminist spokesperson for the national conservative movement (d. September 5, 2016) is #born Phyllis McAlpin Stewart in St. Louis, Missouri. Phyllis Stewart Schlafly opposed feminism, gay rights and abortion, and successfully campaigned against ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. She came to national attention when millions of copies of her self-published book A Choice Not an Echo were distributed in support of Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign, especially in California's hotly fought winner-take-all-delegates GOP primary. In it, Schlafly denounced the Rockefeller Republicans in the Northeast, accusing them of corruption and globalism. Critics called the book a conspiracy theory about "secret kingmakers" controlling the Republican Party. Schlafly had previously been a member of the John Birch Society, but quit, and later denied she had been a member because she feared her association with the organization would damage her book's reputation. By mutual agreement her books were not mentioned in the John Birch Society's magazine, and the distribution of her books by the society was handled so as to mask their involvement. The society was able to dispense 300,000 copies of A Choice Not an Echo in California prior to the June 2, 1964 GOP primary. Gardiner Johnson, Republican National Committee for California, stated that the distribution of her book in California was a major factor in Goldwater's defeating Rockefeller in fight for the Republican nomination. Schlafly co-authored books on national defense and was critical of arms control agreements with the Soviet Union. In 1972, Schlafly founded the Eagle Forum, a "conservative" (far right, really) political interest group, and remained its chairwoman and CEO until her death in 2016 while staying active in so-called conservative causes. Phyllis Schlafly died of cancer at her home in Ladue, Missouri, aged 92. She is buried at Calvary Cemetery and Mausoleum in the town of her birth, St. Louis, Missouri. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-making-of-the-president-1964-dvd-johnson-goldwater-campa1964.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Cigarette Commercials 1950s-70s Film Collection DVD, MP4, USB Stick

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

(#JCKaelin here: I had a number of friendly exchanges with her in the last year of her life beginning after she first put up her Facebook page. She was genuinely surprised that people still remembered her and cared about her, and it inspired her in her last days plan projects and appearances to reminisce about her life and career. She passed happy and feeling well loved :) ) ========= August 15, 1923: #BOTD: #HBD! Rose Marie, American actress, comedienne, singer and vaudeville performer with a career spanning over nine decades including film, radio, records, theater, night clubs and television (d. December 28, 2017) is #born Rose Marie Mazzetta in Manhattan, New York to Polish-American Stella Gluszcak and Italian-American vaudeville actor Frank Mazzetta, who went by the name of Frank Curley. Her mother took her to see local vaudeville shows regularly and afterwards, Rose Marie would sing what she had heard for neighbors, who eventually entered her in a talent contest. At the age of three, Marie started performing under the name "Baby Rose Marie". At five, she was offered a seven-year contract and became a radio star on the NBC Radio Network and made a series of films. Rose Marie later recalled "I had a deep voice, not like Shirley Temple but more like Sophie Tucker. I never sounded like a child so there were some people who thought I was really a 30-year-old midget." As an adult, she became one of the first major stars to be known simply by her first names. Marie was widely known for her role on the CBS situation comedy The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961-1966), as television comedy writer Sally Rogers, "who went toe-to-toe in a man's world." Later she portrayed Myrna Gibbons on The Doris Day Show and was a 14-year panelist on The Hollywood Squares. She is the subject of a 2017 documentary film Wait For Your Laugh with interviews from co-stars including Carl Reiner, Dick Van Dyke, Peter Marshall and Tim Conway. Rose Marie died at her home in the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles at the age of 94. Rose Marie's long-time friend and agent, Harlan Boll, who was with Marie shortly before she passed away, said her death had to do with "age problems"; he explained to reporters that Marie had laid down to rest that Thursday afternoon, and by the time her caregiver checked in on her, to see if she wanted something to eat, and discovered she had stopped breathing." She is buried at Glen Haven Memorial Park, Sylmar, Los Angeles County, California. https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-cigarette-commercials-dvds-2-dual-layer-disc-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Revelation: The History Of Christianity DVD, Video Download, USB Drive

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:45:00 PDT

August 15: The Feast Of The Assumption (The Assumption Of Mary Day [Spain], The Feast Of Assumption [Chile], St. Mary's Day [Romania]) (The Assumption, Assumption Day, Assumption Of The Blessed Virgin Mary, The Dormition Of The Most Holy Mother Of God, The Feast Of The Assumption): -- Widely celebrated all over Christendom. This holy day marks the occasion of the Virgin Mary's bodily ascent to heaven at the end of her life. Assumption celebrations are accompanied by festivals, colorful street processions, fireworks, and pageantry. While a "feast" isn't actually required, there is a longstanding tradition of blessing the summer harvest. There are even special "Assumption" recipes incorporated into family dinners. Sounds heavenly! The devoted light candles, attend masses, and say prayers for peace all over the world. In the third and early fourth centuries AD, apocryphal (widely believed but not official) writings mused upon the Dormition/Assumption of Mary, none of them attaining the status of dogmatic belief. Then, in the fourth century, the bishop Epiphanius of Salamis wrote about the varying philosophies concerning the nature of the Virgin Mary's passing on, identifying three factions of belief but remaining unable to establish a broad consensus. He concluded, "No one knows her end." By the eighth century, an apocryphal text called the "Transitus Mariae" had become so generally accepted that John of Damascus was able to establish its storyline with the church as the official story from that point forward. In the West, also in the eighth century, Pope Sergius I encouraged celebrations for the Feast of the Assumption, and Pope Leo IV confirmed the Feast as official. The holiday has not only survived but also has thrived to this day, despite the church never having pointed to any concrete historical or explicit Biblical evidence (the Biblical citations being only metaphorical), nor fully admitting the story's reliance on apocrypha. Our advice? Whether you're Catholic, or from another denomination, or not religious at all, go out to the street fairs and parades. God would certainly smile upon a loving, happy gathering of friends! https://store.earthstation1.com/revelation-the-history-of-christianity-documentary.html