EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Latest New Releases And Today's 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com

EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Latest New Releases And Today's 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com & MediaOutlet.com!

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

Our latest new releases and daily specials are at https://store.earthstation1.com/specials.html -- and they're waiting for you! ;) (EarthStation1.com logo "Heart Of The Quasar" used with gracious longtime permission of Don Dixon, founding member of the International Association of Astronomical Artists (IAAA) https://www.cosmographica.com)

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Classics Vol. 8 DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23: National Vanilla Ice Cream Day: -- An annual tips of the hat to the second most popular flavor in America! Take a bow, vanilla. I scream, you scream, we all scream for VANILLA ICE CREAM!! Of course, the day is part of National Ice Cream Month and not too far behind National Ice Cream Day. Since Americans love vanilla ice cream so much, it shouldn't come as a surprise that vanilla is the most common flavoring in North America for ice cream. In fact, many people consider vanilla ice cream to be the default flavor. Many may be familiar with Thomas Jefferson's vanilla ice cream recipe. The third president of the United States may have discovered a love for the vanilla flavor while visiting France. While he wouldn't have been the first to savor the delicious taste of vanilla ice cream, Jefferson enjoyed jotting down recipes. The same applied to ice cream. He also produced a handwritten copy of a vanilla ice cream recipe in the 1780s. Only ten copies remain. In fact, the Library of Congress houses one copy that has a cookie recipe on the flip side. Today, the ice cream parlor at Mt. Rushmore in South Dakota serves the same recipe so that anyone can have a taste. To observe National Vanilla Ice Cream Day: Make your own with this old fashioned homemade vanilla ice cream recipe for you to enjoy! While you're at it, invite some friends to enjoy it with you. Maybe, go out for some vanilla ice cream. Scoop up a dish full from the ice cream in your freezer. Will you add chocolate syrup or caramel? Oh, and don't forget the sprinkles! On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-8-dv8.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Classics Vol. 9 DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23: Sprinkle Day: -- As the name suggests, the day was indeed designed to celebrate the delight brought on by the existence of sprinkles, the colorful flecks of sugar we all know and love. Sprinkles are used for many things across the world, the most common of which probably is topping ice cream. It is a well-accepted fact that no matter the hardships, sprinkles make everyone's day just a little better, even if it's minute. This day is all about learning about different variations of sprinkles and trying them out for yourself. Sprinkles can be dated back to, at least, the 18th century when they were referred to as Nonpareils. The idea of the modern sprinkles dates back to 1913 when Dutch confectionaire, Erven H. de Jong created something by the name of 'hagelslag.' The latter was intended to be used as a topping for bread and butter, of all things. Hagelslag eventually made their way to the New World, to the Tri-State and New England region by the 1930s. This was the beginning of their rainbow-colored fame. Hagelslag received a facelift for the American public. Known as 'Jimmies' in the US, they began being used as a cake topping. There began to spring up, however, feuds over the true ownership of the creation. A Pennsylvanian factory, for instance, began claiming that it had invented America's beloved Jimmies. Sprinkles began their career as an ice cream topping in the 1940s. The first use of sprinkles as an ice-cream topping has been traced back to Dr. Edward Bringham. He began offering rainbow sprinkles as a topping option for ice cream cones, charging an additional penny to raise money for The Jimmy Fund. Today, sprinkles can be found all across the globe. They are called 'hagelslag' in The Netherlands, Jimmies in Boston and Philadelphia, meses in Indonesia, and 'muizenstrontjes' ('mouse droppings') in Belgium. Regardless of the name, sprinkles have become an inseparable part of the modern palette. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-9-dv9.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: HRH The Prince Of Wales: The Earth In Balance DVD, Download, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23: Hot Enough For Ya Day: --- Summer is slowly reaching its peak, and so is everyone's patience with the weather. Today we find a way to make light of the balmy and muggy heat. Summer days and nights are usually filled with hot and humid atmospheres with extremely high temperatures. During this time, people tend to lose interest in their daily activities because of how overwhelmingly hot the weather is. Many also avoid going out in fear of getting heatstroke. But all is not doom and gloom with the summer weather. You can plan interesting activities that revolve around making the most of the summer, and you can start all this by asking the question, 'Is it hot enough for ya?'. It is uncertain as to who or when the first Hot Enough For Ya Day was started, but one thing is clear: Someone somewhere was quite fed up with the hot weather that they went around asking people "Hot enough for ya?" for the fun of it. The peak months for summer in the northern hemisphere are June, July, and August. During these months, many countries experience heat waves and mid to high levels of humidity. Some places also go through sandstorms and monsoon rains. People tend to avoid these summer conditions by either staying indoors or venturing out only when it becomes extremely necessary and important. As peak summer hits, things like heat stroke, suffocation, high blood pressure, and muscle cramps go on the rise. So, you are stuck at home due to the weather, and you don't feel like doing anything? Don't worry because National Today has got your back! You can start your day with things that will cool you down. It could be eating a bowl of ice cream or drinking a cold glass of lemonade. Swimming is another great option. For centuries now, people have been making a beeline for water bodies to cool themselves down. A splash in the water does the trick when nothing else works. Furthermore, if swimming is not your go-to thing, you can still make it a fun day by traveling to cooler regions of the world during this time of the year. Spending a few days or weeks in colder countries will uplift your mood automatically. If all else still fails, do not worry, just do whatever floats your boat within the cool vicinity of your homes. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/hrh-the-prince-of-wales-the-earth-in-balance-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Behind The Horoscope: Validating Natal Astrology DVD, MP4, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23 - August 23 (2023): Solar Zodiacal Transits: -- Leo (Latin: "Lion"; from Greek "Leon"), the fifth astrological sign in the Zodiac, is entered by the Earth's Sun, which will transit the sign in 2021 until August 22, according to the tropical zodiacal system. The ruler of the sign of Leo is the Sun, and Neptune and Pluto are in their exaltation; Saturn and Uranus are in their detriment, and no planet is in its fall. Leo is one of the triplicity of astrological signs of the element of fire, and as such a positive sign, it is an active, yang, masculine sign as one of the six odd-numbered signs of the zodiac - Aries, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Sagittarius, or Aquarius - all signs which constitute the fire and air triplicities. Leo is a one of the four fixed astrological signs, also known as kerubic (or cherubic) astrological signs, signs assigned to the middle of one of the four seasons, and as such, Leo marks the middle of summer in the northern hemisphere, and the middle of winter in the southern hemisphere, and signifies the zodiacal archetype of the entirety of the season. Fixed signs - Taurus, Leo, Scorpio and Aquarius - are associated with stabilization, determination, depth and persistence. On the other hand, those who hold this astrological quality tend to also be inflexible, rigid, stubborn, opinionated and single-minded. These traits are often paired with the need to be considered "right": they will ruthlessly fight on behalf of their beliefs, sometimes regardless of valid contrary beliefs. Once set on a path, they are fiercely determined and will not change course. Cancer spans 120 dg to 150 dg of celestial longitude. Under the tropical zodiac, the sun transits this area between July 22 and August 22 in 2021. In sidereal astrology, the Sun currently transits the constellation of Leo from August 16 and September 15 in 2021. The ancient Egyptians referred to the constellation as "Knem", and worshipped the constellation because it was present during the flooding of the Nile River. This event signified plentiful harvests for the upcoming year, and the people interpreted it as a gift from the earth. The Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun's gold throne features lion heads where the seat and front legs meet, as well as clawed feet at the end of each leg, symbolizing power and royalty. The lion is a very important and prominent symbol in Greek mythology, where the constellation Leo is associated in Greek mythology with the Nemean lion, a vicious monster in Greek mythology that lived at Nemea. It was eventually killed by Heracles. It could not be killed with mortals' weapons because its golden fur was impervious to attack. Its claws were sharper than mortals' swords and could cut through any armor. Today, lions are not part of the Greek fauna. The Asiatic lion subspecies formerly ranged in southeastern Europe. According to Herodotus, lion populations were extant in Ancient Greece. George Schaller asserts that they may have been present in the area until circa 100 BC. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/behind-the-horoscope-dvd-astrology-investigation-documentary.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Guns Of August (1964) WWI Film DVD, Video Download, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1914: Causes Of The European Civil War (Events Leading To The European Civil War): Causes Of World War I (Events Leading To World War I): The Guns Of August: The July Crisis: Austria-Hungary's Ultimatum To Serbia: -- Austria-Hungary issues a series of demands in an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The demands were crafted to be so stringent that the Serbian's would be forced to reject them, which would allow Austria-Hungary a specious excuse to blame Serbia for an outbreak of war over them. According to the terms of the ultimatum delivered on July 23, the Serbian government would have to accept an Austro-Hungarian inquiry into the assassination, notwithstanding its claim that it was already conducting its own internal investigation. Serbia was also to suppress all anti-Austrian propaganda and to take steps to root out and eliminate terrorist organizations within its borders -- one such organization, the Black Hand, was believed to have aided and abetted the archduke's killer, Gavrilo Princip, and his cohorts, providing weapons and safe passage from Belgrade to Sarajevo. The Dual Monarchy demanded an answer to the note within 48 hours -- by that time, however, anticipating Serbian defiance, Gieslingen had already packed his bags and prepared to leave the embassy. Serbia's response effectively accepted all terms of the demands of the ultimatum except one: it would not accept Austria-Hungary's participation in any internal inquiry, stating that this would be a violation of the Constitution and of the law of criminal procedure. This rejection gave Austria-Hungary the excuse it wanted to declare war on Serbia, which it did on July 28. The July Crisis was a series of interrelated diplomatic and military escalations among the major powers of Europe in the summer of 1914 that was the penultimate cause of World War I. The crisis began on June 28, 1914, when Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian and Yugoslavic partisan, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. A complex web of alliances, coupled by miscalculations by many leaders that war was in their best interests or that a general war would not occur, resulted in a general outbreak of hostilities among every major European nation in early August 1914. Austria-Hungary believed Serbia promoted South Slavs' irredentist movements (political and popular movements to reclaim and occupy land the movement considers "lost" from their nation's past) in order to be a threat to the unity of the nation. Following the assassination, Austria sought to inflict a military blow on Serbia to demonstrate strength and so Serbia would be more cautious about supporting Yugoslavic nationalism. However, it was wary of the reaction of the Russian Empire, who were a major supporter of Serbia, so sought a guarantee from its ally Germany that it would support Austria in any conflict. Germany guaranteed its support, but urged Austria to attack quickly, while world sympathy for the murdered heir was high, in order to localize the war and avoid drawing in Russia. Some German leaders believed that growing Russian economic power would change the balance of power between the two nations, that a war was inevitable, and that Germany would be better off if a war happened soon. However, rather than a quick attack with available military forces, Austrian leaders deliberated into mid-July before deciding that it would give Serbia a harsh ultimatum on 23 July and would not attack without a full mobilization of its army that could not be accomplished before 25 July 1914. Just prior to the Serbian reply to the ultimatum, Russia decided that it would intervene in any Austro-Serbian war and ordered a partial mobilization of its armed forces. While Russian military leadership acknowledged that Russia was not yet strong enough for a general war, Russia believed the Austrian grievance against Serbia was a pretext orchestrated by Germany and that it needed to show strength by protecting its Serbian ally. This mobilization was the first major military action not by a direct participant in the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia; it increased the willingness of Serbia to defy the threat of an Austrian attack and greatly increased the alarm in Germany about masses of Russian troops being assembled near its borders. Previously, the German military predicted that Russian mobilization would be slower than that of its French ally on Germany's opposite border; therefore, German military strategy in any conflict with Russia was to attack through Belgium to avoid French fixed defenses and quickly defeat France in the west before turning to face Russia in the east. France was aware that it would have to act together with its Russian ally to defeat its German rival, so escalated its preparations as tensions along the Russian border increased, which in turn further alarmed Germany. While Great Britain was aligned with Russia and France, it also had relatively friendly diplomatic relations with Germany, and many British leaders saw no compelling reason to involve Britain in a Continental war. Britain repeatedly offered to mediate, using the Serbian reply as the basis of negotiation, and Germany made various promises in an attempt to ensure British neutrality. However, Britain decided that it had a moral obligation to defend Belgium and aid its formal allies, becoming the last major nation to formally enter the conflict on 4 August. In early August, the ostensible reason for armed conflict, the dispute between Serbia and Austria-Hungary over the murdered heir, had already become a sidenote to a general European war. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-guns-of-august-dvd-1964-world-war-i-movie-documen1964.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hollywood (1980) Silent Movie History Series DVD, Video Download, USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1926: Film (Motion Pictures): The History Of The Film Industry (The History Of The Motion Picture Industry): Sound Films: Film Sound Production: Sound-On-Film: Optical Sound: The Movietone Sound System: -- The Movietone Sound System, an optical sound-on-film method of recording sound for motion pictures that guarantees synchronization between sound and picture, first brings the sound-on-film method into commercial use when Hungarian-American film executive William Fox of the Fox Film Corporation buys the entire Movietone sytsem and its patents. Although Fox owned the patents to Theodore Case's invention of Movietone, as well as those of Movietone co-inventor and cameraman Freeman Harrison Owens, and the American rights to the German Tri-Ergon sound-on-film patents of inventors, Josef Engl, Joseph Massolle and Hans Vogt, the Movietone sound film system uses only the inventions of Case Research Lab. The Movietone Sound System guarantees synchronization between sound and picture by recording the sound as a variable-density optical track on the same strip of film that records the pictures. The initial version was capable of a frequency response of 8500 Hz. Although sound films today use variable-area tracks, any modern motion picture theater (excluding those that have transitioned to digital cinema) can play a Movietone film without modification to the projector (though if the projector's sound unit has been fitted with red LED or laser light sources, the reproduction quality from a variable density track will be significantly impaired). Movietone was one of four motion picture sound systems under development in the U.S. during the 1920s, the others being DeForest Phonofilm, Warner Brothers' Vitaphone, and RCA Photophone, though Phonofilm was primarily an early version of Movietone. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/hollywood-1980-tv-documentary-series-13-shows-4-dual-lay1980134.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Universal Newsreels: The Space Race Films DVD MP4 Download USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1962: The History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Spage Age: The Space Race: The United States Space Program: Earth Satellites: Weather Satellites (Meteorological Satellites): Communications Satellites: Telstar 1 (Telstar): The History Of Broadcasting: The History Of Television Broadcasting: Transatlantic Satellite Television Transmissions: -- Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted live trans-Atlantic program via satellite at 3:00 pm EDT, with Walter Cronkite as one of the main presenters in this multinational broadcast. The broadcast was made possible in Europe by Eurovision and in North America by NBC, CBS, ABC, and the CBC. The first public broadcast featured CBS's Cronkite and NBC's Chet Huntley in New York, and the BBC's Richard Dimbleby in Brussels. Walter Cronkite was in the New York studio at Rockefeller Plaza as the first pictures to be transmitted and received were the Statue Of Liberty in New York and the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The first segment included a televised major league baseball game between the Philadelphia Phillies and the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field. From there, the video switched first to Washington, D.C.; then to Cape Canaveral, Florida; then to Quebec City, Quebec, and finally to Stratford, Ontario. The Washington segment included a press conference with President Kennedy, talking about the price of the American dollar, which was causing concern in Europe. This broadcast inaugurated live intercontinental news coverage, which was perfected later in the sixties with Early Bird and other Intelsat satellites (communications satellites providing international broadcast services owned and managed by an intergovernmental consortium). The first transatlantic satellite television transmission occured during a test broadcast on July 11, 1962 via the just-launced communications satellite Telstar. The day before, on July 10, 1962, Telstar 1, best known simply as Telstar, the first of the Telstar series and the world's first communications satellite, was launched into medium orbit from Cape Canaveral, and was the first privately sponsored space launch. Telstar is the name of various communications satellites produced by American Telephone And Telegraph (ATT). The first two Telstar satellites were experimental and nearly identical. Telstar 1 launched on top of a Thor-Delta rocket on July 10, 1962. It successfully relayed through space the first television pictures, telephone calls, and telegraph images, and provided the first live transatlantic television feed. Telstar 2 launched May 7, 1963. Telstar 1 and 2, though no longer functional, still orbit the Earth. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/universal-newsreels-the-space-race-films-dvd-mp4-download-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Fall Of The Great Society & The Silent Majority: LBJ & Nixon MP4 DVD

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1967: Civil Rights Movements: The American Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968): The Ghetto Riots (The Ghetto Rebellions, The Race Riots, The Negro Riots) (1964-1969): The Long, Hot Summer of 1967: The Detroit Riots: The 1967 Detroit Riot (The 12th Street Riot, The Detroit Uprising): -- The bloodiest race riot in the "Long, Hot Summer Of 1967", one of the worst riots in United States history, begins in the early hours of a Sunday on 12th Street in Detroit, Michigan in the predominantly African American inner city. Also known as the 12th Street Riot and the Detroit Rebellion, it consisted mainly of confrontations between black people and police. The precipitating event was a police raid of an unlicensed, after-hours bar then known as a blind pig, on the city's Near West Side. It exploded into one of the deadliest and most destructive riots in American history, lasting five days and surpassing the violence and property destruction of Detroit's 1943 race riot 24 years earlier. To help end the disturbance, Governor George W. Romney ordered the Michigan Army National Guard into Detroit, and President Lyndon B. Johnson sent in the United States Army's 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions. The result was 43 dead, 1,189 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed. The scale of the riot was the worst in the United States since the 1863 New York City draft riots during the American Civil War, and was not surpassed until the 1992 Los Angeles riots 25 years later. The riot was prominently featured in the news media, with live television coverage, extensive newspaper reporting, and extensive stories in Time and Life magazines. The staff of the Detroit Free Press won the 1968 Pulitzer Prize for general local reporting for its coverage. The Ghetto Riots were as series of outbreaks of violent summer social unrest by African American groups across the United States in the mid-to-late 1960s. The six days of unrest throughout New York City during The Harlem Riot Of 1964 is viewed as the first of clusters of riots, uncoordinated with each other, evidently unplanned, most often in cities during the summer months. The pattern caused 159 separate incidents of violence and unrest over the long, hot summer of 1967 (the most destructive riots taking place in Detroit and Newark), came to a climax during the national wave of King assassination riots in over 100 American cities in 1968, and subsided in 1969. Isaac Hayes, co-author of the Sam & Dave hit single "Soul Man", found the inspiration for the song in the turmoil of The 1967 Detroit Riot while watching a television newscast of the aftermath of the riot; Hayes noted that black residents had marked buildings that had not been destroyed during the riots - mostly African-American owned and operated institutions - with the word "soul". Relating this occurrence to the biblical story of the Passover, Hayes and his co-author of the song partner David Porter came up with the idea, in Hayes's words, of "a story about one's struggle to rise above his present conditions. It's almost a tune kind of like boasting, 'I'm a soul man.' It's a pride thing." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/fall-of-the-great-society-amp-the-silent-majority-lbj-amp-nixon-mp4-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Eyes On The Prize II: America At The Racial Crossroads DVD MP4 USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1968: Civil Rights Movements: The American Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968): The Ghetto Riots (The Ghetto Rebellions, The Race Riots, The Negro Riots) (1964-1969): Black Power: The Black Power Movement (Black Liberation Movement): The Glenville Riots: The Glenville Shootout: -- In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days. The Glenville shootout was a gun battle which occurred on the night of July 23-24, 1968, in the Glenville section of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. Gunfire was exchanged for roughly four hours between the Cleveland Police Department and the Black Nationalists of New Libya, a Black Power group. The battle led to the death of three policemen, three suspects, and a bystander. At least 15 others (police, gunmen, and bystanders) were wounded. The gun battle sparked the Glenville Riots, which began on the evening of July 23 as the gun battle was winding down, and continued through the evening of July 26-27. During the first day of the riots, the African American mayor of Cleveland, Carl Stokes, refused to allow white police officers to patrol the area. When African American leaders in the neighborhood were unable to quell the violence, Stokes sent the Ohio Army National Guard and the rest of the Cleveland Police into the area to stop the violence. The riots ended early in the morning on July 27. Losses due to the riots were about 2.6M USD, and proved to be the political death knell of Mayor Stokes' Cleveland: Now! redevelopment effort. The alleged instigator of the gunfight, Ahmed Evans, was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death. His sentence was later commuted to life in prison. The Ghetto Riots were as series of outbreaks of violent summer social unrest by African American groups across the United States in the mid-to-late 1960s. The six days of unrest throughout New York City during The Harlem Riot Of 1964 is viewed as the first of clusters of riots, uncoordinated with each other, evidently unplanned, most often in cities during the summer months. The pattern caused 159 separate incidents of violence and unrest over the long, hot summer of 1967 (the most destructive riots taking place in Detroit and Newark), came to a climax during the national wave of King assassination riots in over 100 American cities in 1968, and subsided in 1969. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/eyes-on-the-prize-ii-dvd-set-4-discs-complete-2nd-seri42.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Chairman Mao Tse-Tung aka Mao Zedong Documentaries DVD, Download, USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1921: China: The History Of China: The People's Republic of China (PRC): The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (The Communist Party of China (CPC)): National Congresses Of The Chinese Communist Party (Chinese: Zhongguo Gongchandang Quanguo Daibiao Dahui, "The Chinese Communist Party National Representatives Congress"): The 1st National Congress Of The Communist Party Of China (The Founding National Congress): -- The Communist Party of China (CPC) is established at the founding National Congress. The 1st National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai and Jiaxing between July 23 and August 2, 1921. The Congress established the Communist Party of China. The congress began in the French Concession area of Shanghai inside a shikumen building (Shanghainese, lit. "Stone Warehouse Gate", a Shanghainese architectural style combining Western and Chinese elements) near present-day Xintiandi in Huangpu District. In early June 1921, Dutch national Henk Sneevliet, also known as Ma Lin, a representative of Comintern, arrived in Shanghai, and urged various Communist cells in the country to get together for a national-level meeting. Russian Comintern representative Nikolski also attended the meeting. At the time, there were 57 members of the Communist Party of China. Notably, the two founders of the party did not attend the congress: Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The meeting was put to an end due to harassment from the French Concession police on July 30. The delegates then agreed to move the meeting to a rented tourist boat on South Lake in Jiaxing. The Congress elected Chen Duxiu as Secretary, Zhang Guotao as Director of Organization, and Li Da as Director of Propaganda. Of the 13 representatives who attended the congress in 1921, only two would be present at the proclamation ceremony of the People's Republic Of China 27 years later: Mao Zedong and Dong Biwu. Others either became casualties of war in the decades that followed or left the party in one way or another (e.g. by expulsion or defection). The site of the conference in Shanghai has been converted into a museum since 1961. The South Lake Revolutionary Museum in Jiaxing located on a central island of the lake was constructed in 1959; a complex hosting more exhibits was constructed north of South Lake in 2011, also to commemorate the 1st Congress. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/mao-tse-tung-dvd-portraits-of-power-cbs-biography-documentaries.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Portraits Of Power: Gamal Abdel Nasser DVD, Video Download, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23: Revolution Day: -- July 23, 1952: Egyptian History: Modern Egyptian History: The Egyptian Revolution Of 1952 (The Egyptian Revolution): -- General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt, changing Egypt from a monarchy to a republic. The revolution is commemorated each year on July 23. Also known as the Egyptian Coup D'Etat of 1952, or The July 23 revolution, the coup was initially aimed at overthrowing King Farouk. However, the movement had more political ambitions, and soon moved to abolish the constitutional monarchy and aristocracy of Egypt and Sudan, establish a republic, end the British occupation of the country, and secure the independence of Sudan (previously governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium). The revolutionary government adopted a staunchly nationalist, anti-imperialist agenda, which came to be expressed chiefly through Arab nationalism, and international non-alignment. The coup was faced with immediate threats from Western imperial powers, particularly the United Kingdom, which had occupied Egypt since 1882, and France, both of whom were wary of rising nationalist sentiment in territories under their control throughout the Arab world, and Africa. The ongoing state of war with Israel also posed a serious challenge, as the Free Officers increased Egypt's already strong support of the Palestinians. These two issues conflated four years after the coup when Egypt was invaded by Britain, France, and Israel in the Suez Crisis of 1956. Despite enormous military losses, the war was seen as a political victory for Egypt, especially as it left the Suez Canal in uncontested Egyptian control for the first time since 1875, erasing what was seen as a mark of national humiliation. This strengthened the appeal of the revolution in other Arab and African countries. Wholesale agrarian reform, and huge industrialisation programmes were initiated in the first decade and half of the revolution, leading to an unprecedented period of infrastructure building, and urbanisation. By the 1960s, Arab socialism had become a dominant theme, transforming Egypt into a centrally planned economy. Official fear of a Western-sponsored counter-revolution, domestic religious extremism, potential communist infiltration, and the conflict with Israel were all cited as reasons compelling severe and longstanding restrictions on political opposition, and the prohibition of a multi-party system. These restrictions on political activity would remain in place until the presidency of Anwar Sadat from 1970 onwards, during which many of the policies of the revolution were scaled back or reversed. The early successes of the revolution encouraged numerous other nationalist movements in other Arab, and African countries, such as Algeria, and Kenya, where there were anti-colonial rebellions against European empires. It also inspired the toppling of existing pro-Western monarchies and governments in the region and the continent. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/portraits-of-power-gamal-abdel-nasser-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Road To War: Years Between WWI & WWII TV Series DVD, Download, USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1950: #DOTD: Shigenori Togo (Japanese: Togo Shigenori), Japanese politician and diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Empire Of Japan at both the start and the end of the Axis-Allied conflict during World War II, and assumed the same position, renamed the Minister for Greater East Asia, in 1945 (b. December 10. 1882) #dies of cholecystitis (inflamation of the gall bladder) in Sugamo Prison. Tokyo, Occupied Japan, aged 67. A volume of his memoirs entitled The Cause of Japan was published posthumously; it was edited by his former defense counsel Ben Bruce Blakeney. Togo was born in Hioki District, Kagoshima, in what is now part of the city of Hioki, Kagoshima. His family was a descendant of Koreans who settled in Kyushu after the Toyotomi Hideyoshi's campaign against Korea (1592-98). His father took up "Togo" as the last name in 1886. He was a graduate of the Literature Department of Tokyo Imperial University in 1904, and subsequently studied the German language at Meiji University. He entered the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1912, after applying for a post five times. Togo's first overseas posting was to the Japanese consulate at Mukden, Manchuria, in 1913. In 1916, he was assigned to the Japanese embassy in Bern, Switzerland. In 1919, Togo was sent on a diplomatic mission to Weimar Germany, as diplomatic relations between the two countries were reestablished following the Japanese ratification of the Treaty Of Versailles. He returned to Japan in 1921 and was assigned to the Bureau of North American affairs. In 1922, despite the strenuous objections of Togo's family, he married a German woman, the widow of noted architect George de Lalande who has designed numerous buildings in Japan and its empire, including the Japanese General Government Building in Seoul. The wedding was held in the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo. In 1926, Togo was appointed as secretary to the Japanese embassy in United States, and moved to Washington DC. He returned to Japan in 1929, and after a brief stay in Manchuria, was sent back to Germany. He was the head of the Japanese delegation to the largely unsuccessful World Disarmament Conference held in Geneva in 1932. Togo returned to Japan in 1933 to assume the post of director of the Bureau of North American affairs, but was in a severe automobile accident which left him hospitalized for over a month. In 1937, Togo was appointed as Japanese ambassador to Germany, serving in Berlin for a year. After Togo was replaced as ambassador to Germany by Hiroshi Oshima, he was reassigned to Moscow as the ambassador to the Soviet Union 1938-1940. During this time, he negotiated a peace settlement following the Battles of Khalkhin Gol between Japan and the Soviet Union, and successfully concluded the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact in April 1941. He was then recalled to Japan by then Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka for reassignment. Togo was adamantly against war with the United States and the other western powers, which he felt was generally unwinnable, and together with Mamoru Shigemitsu, made unsuccessful last-ditch efforts to arrange for direct face-to-face negotiations between Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe and US President Franklin Roosevelt in an attempt to stave off the conflict. In October 1941, Togo became Foreign Minister in the Tojo administration. Once war was decided, it was Togo's signature on the declaration of war, as he disliked pressing the responsibility of the failure of diplomacy on others. With the start of World War II, Togo worked quickly to conclude an alliance between Japan and Thailand in late 1941. As part of a more reconciliatory policy towards the western powers, he announced on January 21, 1942 that the Japanese government shall uphold the Geneva Convention even though it did not sign it. On September 1, 1942, he resigned his post as Foreign Minister due to his opposition to establish a special ministry for occupied territories within the Japanese government (the new ministry, the Ministry of Greater East Asia was eventually established in November of that same year). Although appointed to the Upper House of the Diet of Japan, throughout most of the war, he lived in retirement. Upon the formation of the government of Admiral Kantaro Suzuki in April 1945, Togo was asked to return to his former position as Minister of Foreign Affairs. In that position, he was one of the chief proponents for acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration which, he felt, contained the best conditions for peace Japan could hope to be offered. Up until the last, Togo hoped for favorable terms from the Soviet Union. At Togo's suggestion, no official response was made to the Declaration at first, though a censored version was released to the Japanese public, while Togo waited to hear from Moscow. However, Allied leaders interpreted this silence as a rejection of the Declaration, and so bombing was allowed to continue. Togo was one of the Cabinet Ministers who advocated Japanese surrender in the summer of 1945. Several days after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese government agreed to unconditional surrender. Following the end of World War II, Togo retired to his summer home in Karuizawa, Nagano. However, he was soon arrested by the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers on war crime charges, along with all former members of the Imperial Japanese government, and was held at Sugamo Prison. During the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Haruhiko Nishi agreed to act as his defense attorney. On November 4, 1948, Togo was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. Togo, who suffered from atherosclerosis, died of cholecystitis while in prison. A volume of his memoirs was published posthumously under the title The Cause of Japan, which was edited by his former defense counsel Ben Bruce Blakeney. The Japanese diplomat and scholar on international relations, Kazuhiko Togo, is his grandson. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-road-to-war-dvd-set-all-8-tv-shows-4-dis84.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Perspectives On 20th Century Architecture Japan MP4 Video Download DVD

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1931: #BOTD: #HBD! Arata Isozaki, Japanese architect, urban designer, and theorist who taught at Columbia University, Harvard University, and Yale University, awarded the Royal Gold Medal in 1986 and the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2019 (d. December 28, 2022) is #born Isozaki Arata in Oita, the capital city of Oita Prefecture, located on the island of Kyushu, Japan. He grew up in the era of postwar Japan, the eldest of four children of Toji and Tetsu Isozaki. His father was a prominent businessmen. In 1945, he witnessed the destruction of Hiroshima on the shore opposite his hometown. When he accepted the Pritzker Prize in 2019 he stated: "There was no architecture, no buildings, and not even a city. So my first experience of architecture was the void of architecture, and I began to consider how people might rebuild their homes and cities." Isozaki completed his schooling at the Oita Prefecture Oita Uenogaoka High School (erstwhile Oita Junior High School). In 1954, he graduated from the University of Tokyo majoring in Architecture and Engineering. He completed a doctoral program in architecture from the same university in 1961. Isozaki also worked under Kenzo Tange before establishing his firm in 1963. Isozaki's early projects were influenced by European experiences with a style mixed between "New Brutalism" and "Metabolist Architecture" (Oita Medical Hall, 1959-1960), according to Reyner Banham. His style continued to evolve with buildings such as the Fujimi Country Club (1973-74) and Kitakyushu Central Library (1973-74). Later he developed a more modernistic style with buildings such as the Art Tower of Mito (1986-90) and Domus-Casa del Hombre (1991-1995) in Galicia, Spain. In 1983, he supported an apparently unbuildable entry for a sports club in Hong Kong by the then-unknown architect Zaha Hadid. In 1985 he designed the interior of New York City's Palladium nightclub. The Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in Los Angeles, completed in 1986, was his second international project and his best known work in the U.S. In 2005, Arata Isozaki founded the Italian branch of his office, Arata Isozaki & Andrea Maffei Associates. Two major projects from this office are the Allianz Tower CityLife office tower, a redevelopment project in the former trade fair area in Milan and the new Town Library in Maranello, Italy. Despite designing buildings both inside and outside Japan, Isozaki was sometimes described as an architect who refused to be stuck in one architectural style, highlighting "how each of his designs is a specific solution born out of the project's context." Isozaki won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2019. Isozaki died at the age of 91 in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The funeral was held at the Inanse Funeral Home in Urasoe City, Okinawa Prefecture, on January 4 for close relatives. The chief mourner was his eldest son, Hiroshi, and the public offered incense from 4 pm. His burial details are not publicly disclosed. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/perspectives-on-20th-century-architecture-japan-d20.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Vietnam: The Ten Thousand Day War TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 2011: #DOTD: Nguyen Cao Ky, Republic of Vietnam Air Force chief, pilot, general, politician, participant in several South Vietnamese coups, 16th Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam in a military junta from 1965 to 1967, vice president to bitter rival General Nguyen Van Thieu, in a nominally civilian administration until 1971 (b. September 8, 1930) #dies aged 80 in at a hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where he was receiving treatment for "respiratory complications". His ashes are interred at the Buddhist Columbarium of Rose Hills Memorial Park in Whittier, California, the hometown of onetime patron, U.S. President Richard Nixon. Nguyen Cao Ky was born in northern Vietnam, and joined the Vietnamese National Army of the French-backed State of Vietnam and started as an infantry officer before the French sent him off for pilot training. After the French withdrew from Vietnam and the nation was partitioned, Ky moved up the ranks of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force to become its leader. In November 1963, Ky participated in the coup that deposed president Ngo Dinh Diem and resulted in Diem's assassination. In 1964 Ky became prominent in junta politics, regarded as part of a group of young, aggressive officers dubbed the "Young Turks". Over the next two years, there were repeated coup attempts, many of which were successful, and Ky was a key player in supporting or defeating them. In September 1964, he helped put down a coup attempt by Generals Lam Van Phat and Duong Van Duc against Nguyen Khanh, and the following February he thwarted another attempt by Phat and Pham Ngoc Thao. His favored tactic in such situations was to send fighter jets into the air and threaten large-scale air strikes, and given his reputation for impetuosity, he usually attained the desired backdown. After the latter attempt, he also had the weakened Khanh forced into exile and eventually took the leading position in the junta in mid-1965 by becoming prime minister, while General Thieu was a figurehead chief of state. During his period at the helm, he gained notoriety for his flamboyant manner, womanizing, and risky and brash behavior, which deeply concerned South Vietnam's American allies and angered the Vietnamese public, who regarded him as a "cowboy" and "hooligan". He cared little for public relations, and on occasion publicly threatened to kill dissidents and opponents as well as to flatten parts of North Vietnam and South Vietnamese units led by rival officers with bombings, although none of this materialized. Nevertheless, Ky and Thieu were able to end the cycle of coups, and the Americans backed their regime. In 1966 Ky decided to purge General Nguyen Chanh Thi, another officer in the junta regarded as his greatest rival, from a command role. This provoked major unrest, particularly in South Vietnam, where some units joined with Buddhist activists supportive of Thi and hostile to Ky in defying his junta's rule. Three months of large-scale demonstrations and riots paralyzed parts of the country, and after much maneuvering and some military battles, Ky's forces finally put down the uprising, and Thi was exiled, entrenching the former's grip on power. In 1967, a transition to an elected government was scheduled, and after a power struggle within the military, Thieu ran for the presidency with Ky as his running mate-both men had wanted the top job. To allow the two to work together, their fellow officers had agreed to have a military body controlled by Ky shape policy behind the scenes. The election was rigged to ensure that Thieu and Ky's military ticket would win, and strong executive powers meant that junta, in effect, still ruled. Leadership tensions persisted, and Thieu prevailed, sidelining Ky supporters from key military and cabinet posts. Thieu then passed legislation to restrict candidacy eligibility for the 1971 election, banning almost all would-be opponents; Ky and the rest withdrew as it was obvious that the poll would be a sham; Thieu went on to win more than 90 percent of the vote and the election uncontested, while Ky retired. With the fall of Saigon, Ky fled to the United States. He continued to heavily criticize both the communists and Thieu, and the former prevented him from returning. However, in 2004, he became the first South Vietnamese leader to return, calling for reconciliation between communists and anti-communists. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/vietnam-the-10000-day-war-4-dual-layer-dvds-all-13-10000413.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Treblinka's Ivan The Terrible John Demjanjuk + Bonus DVD MP4 USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1942: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Holocaust (Shoah): The Holocaust In Poland: Treblinka Extermination Camp: -- Treblinka concentration amp is opened, the second-deadliest extermination camp to be built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II (after Auschwitz). Treblinka was located in a forest north-east of Warsaw, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the village of Treblinka in what is now the Masovian Voivodeship. The camp operated between 23 July 1942 and 19 October 1943 as part of Operation Reinhard, the deadliest phase of the Final Solution. During this time, it is estimated that between 700,000 and 900,000 Jews were killed in its gas chambers, along with 2,000 Romani people. More Jews were killed at Treblinka than at any other Nazi extermination camp apart from Auschwitz-Birkenau. Managed by the German SS with asssistance from Trawniki guards - recruited from among Soviet POWs to serve with the Germans - the camp consisted of two separate units. Treblinka I was a forced-labour camp (Arbeitslager) whose prisoners worked in the gravel pit or irrigation area and in the forest, where they cut wood to fuel the cremation pits. Between 1941 and 1944, more than half of its 20,000 inmates died from shootings, hunger, disease and mistreatment. The second camp, Treblinka II, was an extermination camp (Vernichtungslager), referred to euphemistically as the SS-Sonderkommando Treblinka by the Nazis. A small number of Jewish men who were not killed immediately upon arrival became members of its Sonderkommando whose jobs included being forced to bury the victims' bodies in mass graves. These bodies were exhumed in 1943 and cremated on large open-air pyres along with the bodies of new victims. Gassing operations at Treblinka II ended in October 1943 following a revolt by the prisoners in early August. Several Trawniki guards were killed and 200 prisoners escaped from the camp; almost a hundred survived the subsequent pursuit. The camp was dismantled ahead of the Soviet advance. A farmhouse for a watchman was built on the site and the ground ploughed over in an attempt to hide the evidence of genocide. In the postwar Polish People's Republic, the government bought most of the land where the camp had stood, and built a large stone memorial there between 1959 and 1962. In 1964, Treblinka was declared a national monument of Jewish martyrdom in a ceremony at the site of the former gas chambers. In the same year the first German trials were held regarding the crimes committed at Treblinka by former SS members. After the end of communism in Poland in 1989, the number of visitors coming to Treblinka from abroad increased. An exhibition centre at the camp opened in 2006. It was later expanded and made into a branch of the Siedlce Regional Museum. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/trebilinka39s-iva-the-terrible-the-demjanjuk-dossier-d39.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Unknown War: The Great Patriotic War Series WWII USSR DVD MP4 USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1942: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Eastern Front Of World War II: The Great Patriotic War (The German-Soviet War): Case Blue (German: Fall Blau): The Battle Of The Caucasus: Operation Edelweiss, Operation Braunschweig: -- Two combined German Offensives begin: Operation Edelweiss, a German plan to gain control over the Caucasus and capture the oil fields of Baku, and Operation Braunschweig, the German summer offensive that began on June 28 1942 which included Operation Edelweiss as well as Operation Fischreiher, the conquest of Stalingrad. Hitler had personally intervened in the plans for these operations, and ordered a split in Army Group South. This division of Army Group South had caused alarm in the General Staff, and Hitler was warned repeatedly about the dangers this division entailed. Complaints from the field caused Hitler to dismiss and replace the Commander of Army Group South, Field Marshal Fedor von Bock on July 15. Later studies confirmed this split to be one of the main causes for the eventual demise of the German 6th Army in Stalingrad. Hitler persisted in this division of Army Group South for strategic reasons: acquiring the oilfields in the Caucasus region and cutting Soviet supply transports along the Volga through Stalingrad. The Battle of the Caucasus is a name given to a series of Axis and Soviet operations in the Caucasus area on the Eastern Front of World War II. On 25 July 1942, German troops captured Rostov-on-Don, Russia, opening the Caucasus region of the southern Soviet Union, and the oil fields beyond at Maikop, Grozny, and ultimately Baku, to the Germans. Two days prior, Adolf Hitler issued a directive to launch such an operation into the Caucasus region, to be named Operation Edelweiss. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-unknown-war-complete-tv-series-soviet-union-wwii-10-dvd-s10.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Light In The Dark: Lvov Sewer Holocaust Survivors DVD, Download, USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1944: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Eastern Front Of World War II: The Polish Resistance Movement In World War II: Operation Tempest (Polish: Akcja Burza, "Operation Storm"): The Lwow Uprising (Polish: Powstanie Lwowskie): -- The Lwow Uprising begins, an armed insurrection by the Home Army (Polish: Armia Krajowa), underground forces of the Polish resistance movement in World War II, against the Nazi German occupation of the major western Ukrainian city of Lwow, part of a secret plan codenamed Operation Tempest for a countrywide all-national uprising ahead of the Soviet advance on the Eastern Front during World War II. The Lwow uprising lasted until July 26-27, when the Soviet 3rd Guards Tank Army captured Lwow after their successful Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive of July 1944, capturing it from the Nazis with significant cooperation from the local Polish resistance engaged in the Lwow Uprising. Soon after the capture of Lviv, the local commanders of the Polish Armia Krajowa were invited to a meeting with the commanders of the Red Army. During the meeting, they were arrested, as it turned out to be a trap set by the Soviet NKVD. Later, in the winter and spring of 1945, the local NKVD kept arresting and harassing Poles in Lviv (which according to Soviet sources on October 1, 1944 still had a clear Polish majority of 66.7%) in an attempt to encourage their emigration from the city. Those arrested were released only after they had signed papers in which they agreed to emigrate to Poland, which postwar borders were to be shifted westwards in accordance with the Yalta conference settlements. In Yalta, despite Polish objections, the Allied leaders, Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill decided that Lviv should remain within the borders of the Soviet Union. On August 16, 1945, a border agreement was signed in Moscow between the government of the Soviet Union and the Provisional Government of National Unity installed by the Soviets in Poland. In the treaty, Polish authorities formally ceded the prewar eastern part of the country to the Soviet Union, agreeing to the Polish-Soviet border to be drawn according to the Curzon Line. Consequently, the agreement was ratified on February 5, 1946. The Lwow Uprising (Polish: Powstanie Lwowskie, Akcja Burza) was an armed insurrection by the Home Army (Polish: Armia Krajowa) underground forces of the Polish resistance movement in World War II against the Nazi German occupation of the city of Lwow (now Lviv, Ukraine) in the latter stages of World War II. It began on July 23, 1944 as part of a secret plan to launch the countrywide all-national uprising codenamed Operation Tempest ahead of the Soviet advance on the Eastern Front. The Lwow uprising lasted until July 27. Shortly afterwards, the Polish troops were disarmed, soldiers merged into the Polish communist armed forces and officers arrested by the Soviet NKVD. Some were forced to join the Red Army, others sent to the Gulag camps. The city itself was occupied by the Soviet Union. Of the once thriving Jewish community of Lwow, only 300 Jews survived out of 160,000 living there prior to occupation, and a significant number of those survivors did so by hiding in the Lvov sewers. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/light-in-the-dark-dvd-lvov-sewer-survivors-of-holocaust.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Portraits Of American Presidents Nos. 1-42 TV Series MP4 Download DVD

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1885: #DOTD: #RIP: Ulysses S. Grant, American U.S. Civil War General, Commanding General Of The Army and then the 18th President Of The United States, the highest positions in the military and the government of the United States (b. April 27, 1822) #dies after a year-long struggle with throat cancer, surrounded by his family, at 8:08 a.m. in his Mount McGregor cottage at the age of 63. Having faced severe investment reversals and dying of throat cancer, he rushed to complete his memoirs in order to provide income for his family after his death, which he finished immediately prior to his death. These memoirs proved to be a major critical and financial success, and restored his family's fortunes. His death prompted an outpouring in support of national unity. General Sheridan, then Commanding General of the Army, ordered a day-long tribute to Grant on all military posts, and President Grover Cleveland ordered a thirty-day nationwide period of mourning. After private services, the honor guard placed Grant's body on a special funeral train, which traveled to West Point and New York City. A quarter of a million people viewed it in the two days before the funeral. Tens of thousands of men, many of them veterans from the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), marched with Grant's casket drawn by two dozen black stallions to Riverside Park in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan. His pallbearers included Union generals Sherman and Sheridan, Confederate generals Simon Bolivar Buckner and Joseph E. Johnston, Admiral David Dixon Porter, and Senator John A. Logan, the head of the GAR. Following the casket in the seven-mile-long (11 km) procession were President Cleveland, two former living presidents Hayes and Arthur, all of the president's cabinet, as well as justices of the Supreme Court. Attendance at the New York funeral topped 1.5 million. Ceremonies were held in other major cities around the country, while Grant was eulogized in the press and likened to George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. Grant's body was laid to rest in Riverside Park, first in a temporary tomb, and then -- twelve years later, on April 17, 1897 -- in the General Grant National Memorial, also known as "Grant's Tomb", the largest mausoleum in North America. Ulysses Simpson Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant in Point Pleasant, Ohio. Grant led the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy with the supervision of Abraham Lincoln. As the 18th President of the United States (1869-77) Grant led the Republicans in their efforts to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery during Reconstruction. Grant was born and raised in Ohio by Methodist parents whose lineage in the new world went back several generations. As a youth he often worked in his father's tannery and showed an early talent for riding, taming and managing horses. After graduating from West Point in 1843 Grant served with distinction in the Mexican-American War. Upon his return he married Julia Dent, and together they had four children. Grant retired from the army in 1854 and struggled financially in civilian life. When the Civil War began in 1861 he rejoined the army and quickly rose through the ranks. During the war, he earned the nickname "Unconditional Surrender" Grant . As a general he took control of Kentucky, most of Tennessee, won major battles at Shiloh and seized Vicksburg, gaining control of the Mississippi River and dividing the Confederacy. These victories, combined with those in the Chattanooga Campaign, persuaded Abraham Lincoln that Grant was the general best suited to lead the combined Union armies. Grant was promoted to Lieutenant General, a rank previously reserved for George Washington, in March 1864. He confronted Robert E. Lee, trapping his army in their defense of Richmond, while coordinating a series of campaigns in other theaters. In April 1865 Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the war. Historians have hailed Grant's military genius, and his strategies are featured in military history textbooks. After Lincoln's assassination, Grant became increasingly disillusioned by President Andrew Johnson's approach to Reconstruction, and drifted toward the "Radical" Republicans. Elected president in 1868, the youngest man in the office to that date, Grant stabilized the post-war national economy, created the Department of Justice, used the military to enforce laws in the former Confederacy and prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan. Grant strengthened the Republican Party in the South and signed three civil rights acts into law. He appointed African Americans and Jewish-Americans to prominent federal offices. In 1871 he created the first Civil Service Commission. The Democrats and Liberal Republicans united behind Grant's opponent in the presidential election of 1872, but Grant was re-elected by a large margin. Generally regarded as personally honest, he nonetheless faced accusations of corruption within his administration. Grant's Peace Policy with Native Americans was a bold departure for its time. In foreign policy, Grant sought to increase trade and influence while remaining at peace with the world. With Secretary Of State Hamilton Fish, he successfully resolved the Alabama claims with Great Britain (a series of demands for damages sought by the government of the United States from the United Kingdom in 1869 for the attacks upon Union merchant ships by Confederate Navy commerce raiders built in British shipyards during the American Civil War, focused chiefly on damages by the most famous of these raiders, the CSS Alabama, which took more than sixty prizes before she was sunk off the French coast in 1864). Grant and Fish negotiated a peaceful resolution with Spain over the Virginius Affair. Congress rejected Grant's initiative to annex the Dominican Republic, creating a rift among Republicans. In national affairs, Grant's administration implemented a gold standard and sought to strengthen the dollar. Grant's immediate response to the Panic of 1873 failed to halt a severe industrial depression that produced high unemployment, deflation, and bankruptcies. When he left office in 1877, Grant embarked on a two-and-a-half-year world tour that captured favorable global attention for him and the United States. In 1880, Grant was unsuccessful in obtaining the Republican presidential nomination for a third term. Historical assessments of Grant's legacy have varied considerably over the years. Although Grant's presidency has popularly been criticized for its Gilded Age scandals, modern scholarship regards him as an embattled president who performed a difficult job during Reconstruction. Although early rankings of Presidents rated his administration among the worst, modern appreciation for Grant's support of civil rights and diverse federal appointments has greatly improved his historical reputation. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/portraits-of-american-presidents-nos-142-tv-series-mp4-download1424.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Henry Ford: Tin Lizzie Tycoon + Bonus Film DVD, Download, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1903: The History Of The Automobile: The History Of The Automotive Industry: The Ford Motor Company: -- The Ford Motor Company sells its first automobile, having shipped its first car three days prior, on July 20, 1903. Henry Ford's first attempt at a car company under his own name was the Henry Ford Company on November 3, 1901, which became the Cadillac Motor Company on August 22, 1902, after Ford left with the rights to his name. The Ford Motor Company was launched in a converted factory in 1903 with 28K USD in cash from twelve investors, most notably John and Horace Dodge (who would later found their own car company). The first president was not Ford, but local banker John S. Gray, who was chosen to assuage investors' fears that Ford would leave the new company the way he had left its predecessor. During its early years, the company produced just a few cars a day at its factory on Mack Avenue and later its factory on Piquette Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Groups of two or three men worked on each car, assembling it from parts made mostly by supplier companies contracting for Ford. Within a decade, the company would lead the world in the expansion and refinement of the assembly line concept, and Ford soon brought much of the part production in-house in a vertical integration that seemed a better path for the era. Henry Ford was 39 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company, which would go on to become one of the world's largest and most profitable companies. It has been in continuous family control for over 100 years and is one of the largest family-controlled companies in the world. The first gasoline powered automobile had been created in 1885 by the German inventor Carl Benz (Benz Patent-Motorwagen). More efficient production methods were needed to make automobiles affordable for the middle class, to which Ford contributed by, for instance, introducing the first moving assembly line in 1913 at the Ford factory in Highland Park. Between 1903 and 1908, Ford produced the Models A, B, C, F, K, N, R, and S. Hundreds or a few thousand of most of these were sold per year. In 1908, Ford introduced the mass-produced Model T, which totalled millions sold over nearly 20 years. In 1927, Ford replaced the T with the Model A, the first car with safety glass in the windshield. Ford launched the first low-priced car with a V8 engine in 1932. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/henry-ford-tin-lizzie-tycoon-dvd-documentary.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: France: Conquest To Liberation In World War II MP4 Video Download DVD

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1945: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): Vichy France (The French State): The Liberation Of France: The Aftermath Of World War II: The High Court Of Justice (French: Haute Cour De Justice) Court Of Cassation (The French Supreme Court) Treason Trial Of Philippe Petain: -- The post-war treason trial against Philippe Petain, former Chief Of State Of Vichy France and Prime Minister Of Occupied France, begins in a specially constituted French High Court, the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, in Batignolles, a neighbourhood of Paris, France, part of its 17th arrondissement. Petain had come to power in 1940 as a national saviour, the one man who would get France the best deal following military defeat and the 'desertion' of the British army at Dunkirk. He would negotiate an armistice, but there would be no peace treaty. Part of France would remain under French control, the navy and the empire would not be affected, and the great general who had led the victory parade on the Champs-Elysees in 1918, the 'Victor of Verdun', would once again protect his people. The subsequent Vichy regime (described by one cynic as 'a banana republic without the bananas') was recognised around the world - even in the United States, which kept an ambassador in the spa town, France's new capital, from 1941 to 1942. In reality, what followed was the STO (Service du travail obligatoire), a forced labour programme which obliged 650,000 Frenchmen to work in German factories, the deportation of 24,000 French citizens on the sole grounds that they were Jewish, and the deployment of French police in the rafles (round ups) of 53,000 Jewish refugees who had fled to France for protection. Following the liberation of France, on September 8, 1944, a few months after being greeted by cheering crowds in Paris, Marshal Philippe Petain, the head of the wartime Etat Francais, was driven across the German frontier into exile under Gestapo escort along other members of the French cabinet at Vichy and relocated to the Sigmaringen enclave in Germany, where they became a government-in-exile until April 1945. He no longer had access to the national radio service, so, as he passed through France, typed copies of his last speech had to be thrown to passers-by from the window of his car. Petain, having been forced to leave France, refused to participate in this government and Fernand de Brinon now headed the "government commission". In a note dated October 29 1944, Petain forbade de Brinon to use the Marshal's name in any connection with this new government, and on April 5, 1945, Petain wrote a note to Hitler expressing his wish to return to France. No reply ever came. Meanwhile, de Gaulle's government decided to put Petain on trial in absentia before a new high court was set up to try the Vichy leaders It would be a symbolic ceremony with only one possible outcome, designed to unify the nation and heal the humiliation of defeat. However, to everyone's dismay, and much to de Gaulle's irritation, Petain arrived in Paris in time to attend the trial, having turned up in France on the Franco-Swiss border, two days after he was taken on his birthday to the Swiss side of the border. Petain's most senior lawyer planned to focus on the Marshal's age (he was 89), appealing for pity for the former hero of Verdun. Petain was being tried for treason and "not only the humiliating collaboration but the subjection of France to Germany". This was, as a French parliamentarian proclaimed on the eve of the trial: "about establishing in the eyes of the world that Petain does not incarnate either France or France's traditions". Not an easy task, nor a straightforward demonstration. Julian Jackson gives a chilling and meticulous account of the hopeless mediocrity of almost all people involved in the case; from judges and jurors (resistants and parliamentarians) to lawyers prosecutors and witnesses. Everybody seemed animated by petty or self-serving feelings; they were either out of their depth or spineless, but above all most were morally ambivalent. Before it began, De Gaulle had presciently talked of Petain's trial as a "lamentable but inevitable" event. There were, however, a few remarkable minds attending and they could be found on the press benches. Among them, the formidable Janet Flanner for The New Yorker and the resistant writer Joseph Kessel, hired by France-Soir. Julian Jackson's meticulous, engaging history of Petain the collaborator general and his downfall, as reported by The Guardian who is one of the primary sources of this listing, describes this event as 'the central crisis of 20th-century French history'. Throughout the trial, before judges who had previously sworn an oath of loyalty to the marshal, Petain sat in passive silence, leading many to wonder how much of the evidence he could understand. As a Marshal of France, he was given an ornate, cushioned throne rather than the dock. On this he slumbered, looking his age - 89 - although he was in many ways much older. Born during the reign of Napoleon III, he had been taught to read by a priest who had himself been born in the reign of Louis XV, 15 years before the French Revolution. The values that Petain had absorbed as a child in the 1850s were already a century out of date. Facing charges that he had been a pre-war member of la Cagoule ('the Hood'), a terrorist conspiracy, and had plotted to seize power and make peace with the Nazis, he responded with a brief statement: 'I was begged to come, and I came. I found I had inherited a catastrophic situation not of my making. Those who were really responsible hid behind me to deflect the people's anger.' Then he left his defence to the star of the show, Jacques Isorni, his youthful barrister. Jackson frequently quotes from the diary of one conscientious juror, Jacques Lecompte-Boinet, a conservative Gaullist resister, who kept an open mind until the evidence was complete. He accepted that Petain's policies had sheltered many from deportation and was repelled by the hysterical loathing whipped up by the communist jurors. The PCF (French Communist party) had a guilty conscience. From 1939 to 1941, the years of the Nazi-Soviet pact, the party's call for 'international workers' fraternisation against a capitalist war' had gone much further than Petain's original appeal for 'collaboration'. Outside the court, in the press and even on the jury, the PCF kept up an unrelenting pressure for douze balles -'12 bullets': execution by firing squad. They had an objective ally in the show's stage villain Laval, who appeared as a witness for the prosecution, even though he was awaiting his own trial. He claimed that the marshal had endorsed everything he himself had planned or accomplished: the handshake with Hitler in 1940, the policy of ever closer collaboration, the imposition of the Yellow Star, the addition of Jewish children to the deportation convoys, and even Laval's notorious broadcast stating his desire for Germany's victory. Laval was tried later that year, after which, gagged and strapped to a chair, he was shot. Had he been tried first, it is just possible that Petain would have been acquitted. Had Pierre Laval been tried first, it was just possible that Petain would have been acquitted. One of the complications of Petain's trial, as Jackson points out, was a lack of clarity as to what constituted treason. Was it Petain's original decision to capitulate and seek an armistice, as de Gaulle believed? Was it his failure in 1940 to send the government to Algeria, where the army and navy were undefeated? Was it his refusal to leave France and join the Allies in North Africa after Germany occupied the Vichy zone in 1942? The fate of the 76,000 Jews sent to the death camps was largely overlooked. Dressed in the uniform of a Marshal of France, Petain remained silent through most of the proceedings after an initial statement that denied the right of the High Court, as constituted, to try him. As Petain sat in passive silence, many were lead to wonder how much of the evidence he could understand. When asked whether Petain was a traitor, the politicians and democrats who had facilitated the rise of this reactionary to power through the 30s to June 1940 preferred to remain evasive. Charging Petain meant charging themselves at a time when they fought to be exonerated. Only Leon Blum, former head of the leftwing Front Populaire government in 1936, imprisoned by Vichy, was crystal clear: "An absence of moral confidence was the base of the Vichy government, and that is treason. Treason is the act of selling out." On August 10, the public prosecutor spoke for five hours. "As he listed concession after concession, capitulation after capitulation, declaration after declaration, message after message, his re_quisitoire [indictment] started to gain momentum." He demanded death for Petain. Then came the defence. Petain's lawyers counterattacked by developing the idea that "if Pe_tain was guilty so were the French - so was France". For his young and romantic lawyer, Jacques Isorni, Petain had in fact been a "shield" for the French, preventing the Nazis from turning France into another Poland. For Jackson, "the idea that Vichy had been a shield for the Jews is superficially supported by the incontrovertible fact that the total percentage of Jews deported to their deaths from France was significantly lower than that of other occupied countries in western Europe: 25% in France, 50% in Belgium and Norway, 73% in the Netherlands." There are many other explanations for those figures, notably that an innumerable number of French people actively rescued and protected their Jewish compatriots. The verdict finally came at 4 AM on August 15, 1945. As the judges returned to their seats, Kessel wrote: "Never have I experienced such an intensity of silence in this overcrowded room. An interminable silence, a silence which hardens, a silence which becomes like a presence. The presence of history." The judgment took 17 minutes to read out. The defence was able to clear Petain of membership of the terrorist conspiracy and of plotting to seize power, and Isorni's brilliant closing speech reduced a high court, packed with Resistance and communist jurors, to complete silence. Isorni pleaded for an acquittal, and very nearly succeeded. Nevertheless, at the end of Petain's trial, he was convicted on all charges, and the jury voted for the death penanlty by a vote of 14 for an 13 against - a one-vote majority - and so Petain was condemned to "the death penalty, indignite_ nationale, the confiscation of his property"; however, the high court expressed "the wish that the judgment not be carried out" owing to the accused's age. De Gaulle, who was President of the Provisional Government of the French Republic at the end of the war, commuted the sentence to life imprisonment due to Petain's age. After his conviction, the court stripped Petain of all military ranks and honours including the distinction of Marshal of France. Fearing riots at the announcement of the sentence, de Gaulle ordered that Petain be immediately transported on the former's private aircraft to Fort du Portalet in the Pyrenees, where he remained from August 15 to November 16, 1945. The government later transferred him to the Fort de Pierre-Levee citadel on the Ile d'Yeu, a small island off the French Atlantic coast. Over the following years Petain's lawyers and many foreign governments and dignitaries, including Queen Mary and the Duke of Windsor, appealed to successive French governments for Petain's release, but given the unstable state of Fourth Republic politics, no government was willing to risk unpopularity by releasing him. As early as June 1946, U.S. President Harry S. Truman interceded in vain for his release, even offering to provide political asylum in the U.S. A similar offer was later made by the Spanish dictator General Francisco Franco. Although Petain had still been in good health for his age at the time of his imprisonment, by late 1947, he suffered from memory lapses. By January 1949, his lucid intervals were becoming fewer and fewer. On March 3, 1949, a meeting of the Council of Ministers, many of its members "self-proclaimed heroes of the Resistance" in the words of biographer Charles Williams, had a fierce argument about a medical report recommending that he be moved to Val-de-Grace (a military hospital in Paris), a measure to which Prime Minister Henri Queuille had previously been sympathetic. By May, Petain required constant nursing care, and often suffered from hallucinations, e.g. that he was commanding armies in battle, or that naked women were dancing around his room. By the end of 1949, Petain was suffering from severe cognitive impairment, with only occasional moments of lucidity. He was also beginning to suffer from heart problems and was no longer able to walk without assistance. Plans were made for his death and funeral. On June 8, 1951, President Vincent Auriol, informed that Petain did not have much longer to live, commuted his sentence to confinement in hospital; the news was kept secret until after the elections on 17 June, but by then, Petain was too ill to be moved to Paris. Petain died on the sixth anniversary of the beginning of the trial. De Gaulle himself later criticised the trial, stating "Too often, the discussions took on the appearance of a partisan trial, sometimes even a settling of accounts, when the whole affair should have been treated only from the standpoint of national defence and independence." As Jackson explained: "De Gaulle knew he was on thin ice when claiming that Vichy was illegal. For that reason, he generally preferred to talk about legitimacy." In the end, the difference between Petain and De Gaulle, between Vichy and the Free French, was their idea of honour. France's duty had been to fight on whatever the risks, whatever the sacrifices. De Gaulle and his army of resistants saved France's honour by the skin of their teeth. The novelist and resister Francois Mauriac summarised the ordeal as the 'trial that is never over and will never end'. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/france-conquest-to-liberation-occupied-and-vichy-wwii.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Verdun! World War I Battle Film & Documentaries Collection DVD MP4 USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1951: #DOTD: Philippe Petain, generally known as Philippe Petain or Marshal Petain (Marechal Petain), French general officer who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of World War I, during which he became known as "The Lion Of Verdun", and in World War II served as the Chief of State of Vichy France in 1940, at the age of 84 France's oldest head of state, serving until 1944, 119th Prime Minister of France (b. April 24, 1856) #dies in a private home in Port-Joinville on the Ile d'Yeu on at the age of 95, on the sixth anniversary of post-war legal processes against him began. His body was buried in a local cemetery (Cimetiere communal de Port-Joinville). Calls were made to re-locate his remains to the grave prepared for him at Verdun. In February 1973, Petain's coffin housing his remains was stolen from the Ile d'Yeu cemetery by extremists, who demanded that President Georges Pompidou consent to its re-interment at Douaumont cemetery among the war dead of the Verdun battle. Police retrieved the coffin a few days later, and it was ceremoniously reburied with a presidential wreath in the Ile d'Yeu as before. A small museum glorifying Petain, the Historical Museum of the Ile d'Yeu, displays writings and personal items of Petain, such as his deathbed, his clothes and his cane. The museum is not publicized and rarely opens - according to its manager, to "avoid trouble". Philippe Petain was born Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Petain into a peasant family in Cauchy-a-la-Tour, in the Pas-de-Calais department, northern France, French Empire. Today, he is known mostly as a Nazi collaborator, the French equivalent of his contemporary Vidkun Quisling in Norway. During World War I Petain led the French Army to victory at the nine month long Battle Of Verdun. After the failed Nivelle Offensive and subsequent mutinies he was appointed Commander-in-Chief and succeeded in repairing the army's confidence. Petain remained in command throughout the war and emerged as a national hero. During the interwar period he was head of the peacetime French Army, commanded jointed Franco-Spanish operations during the Rif War (an armed conflict fought from 1920 to 1927 by the colonial powers of Spain and France against the Berber tribes of the Rif mountainous region in northern Morocco) and served twice as a government Minister. With the imminent fall of France in June 1940 in World War II, Petain was appointed Prime Minister of France by President Lebrun at Bordeaux, and the Cabinet resolved to make peace with Germany. The entire government subsequently moved briefly to Clermont-Ferrand, then to the spa town of Vichy in central France. His government voted to transform the discredited French Third Republic into a so-called "French State", an authoritarian regime aligned with Germany. After the war, Petain was tried and convicted for treason. He was originally sentenced to death, but due to his age and the influence of Charles de Gaulle, his sentence was commuted to life in prison and he died in 1951. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/verdun-world-war-one-battle-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Frontiers Of Flight Aviation History TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1930: #DOTD: #RIP: Glenn Curtiss, American aviation and motorcycling pioneer, pilot, engineer and a founder of the U.S. aircraft industry (b. May 21, 1878) #dies of complications from an appendectomy in Buffalo, New York, aged 52; traveling to Rochester to contest a lawsuit brought by former business partner August Herring, Curtiss suffered an attack of appendicitis in court. His funeral service was held at St. James Episcopal Church in his home town, Hammondsport, New York, with interment in the family plot at Pleasant Valley Cemetery in the village of his birth, Hammondsport, in the Finger Lakes region of New York. Glenn Hammond Curtiss began his career as a bicycle racer and builder before moving on to motorcycles. As early as 1904, he began to manufacture engines for airships. In 1908, Curtiss joined the Aerial Experiment Association, a pioneering research group, founded by Alexander Graham Bell at Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, to build flying machines. Curtiss made the first officially witnessed flight in North America, won a race at the world's first international air meet in France, and made the first long-distance flight in the United States. His contributions in designing and building aircraft led to the formation of the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, now part of Curtiss-Wright Corporation. His company built aircraft for the U.S. Army and Navy, and, during the years leading up to World War I, his experiments with seaplanes led to advances in naval aviation. Curtiss civil and military aircraft were predominant in the interwar and World War II eras. Although his formal education extended only to eighth grade, his early interest in mechanics and inventions was evident at his first job at the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company (later Eastman Kodak Company) in Rochester, New York. He invented a stencil machine adopted at the plant and later built a rudimentary camera to study photography. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/frontiers-of-flight-aviation-history-tv-series-dvd-mp4-download-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Aviation History Films Collection DVD MP4 Video Download

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1973: #DOTD: #RIP: Eddie Rickenbacker, American fighter ace in World War I, Medal Of Honor recipient, race car driver, automotive designer, government consultant in military matters and a pioneer in air transportation, particularly as the long-time head of Eastern Air Lines (b. October 8, 1890) #dies at the age of 82 from a stroke and subsequent contracting of pneumonia while he was in Zurich, Switzerland seeking special medical treatment for his wife Adelaide Rickenbacker. He is interred in Columbus, Ohio, at Green Lawn Cemetery in Columbus, Ohio. When he died, Rickenbacker was the last living Medal of Honor recipient from the United States Army Air Service. Adelaide, blind, in failing health, and still grieving severely from the loss of her husband, with whom she was very much in love, killed herself by gunshot at their home in Key Biscayne, Florida at the age of 92. Eddie Rickenbacker was born Edward Vernon Rickenbacker in Columbus, Ohio. Rickenbacker was considered to have received the most awards for valor by an American during the war. With 26 aerial victories, he was America's most successful fighter ace in the war. He commanded the first U.S. aero unit to take part in World War I. He later got involved in auto racing and headed Eastern Air Lines from 1934-63. Rickenbacker often traveled for business on Eastern Air Lines flights. On February 26, 1941, he was a passenger on a Douglas DC-3 airliner that crashed just outside Atlanta, Georgia. Rickenbacker suffered especially grave injuries, being soaked in fuel, immobile, and trapped in the wreckage. In spite of his own critical wounds, Rickenbacker encouraged the other passengers, offered what consolation he could to those around him who were injured or dying, and guided the survivors who were still ambulatory to attempt to find help. The survivors were rescued after spending the night at the crash site. Rickenbacker barely survived. This was just the first time that the press announced his death while he was still alive. In a dramatic retelling of the incident, Rickenbacker's autobiography relates his astonishing experiences. While he was still conscious but in terrible pain, Rickenbacker was left behind while some ambulances carried away bodies of the dead. When Rickenbacker arrived at a hospital, his injuries appeared so grotesque that the emergency surgeons and physicians left him for dead for some time. They instructed their assistants to "take care of the live ones." Rickenbacker's injuries included a fractured skull, other head injuries, a shattered left elbow with a crushed nerve, a paralyzed left hand, several broken ribs, a crushed hip socket, a pelvis broken in two places, a severed nerve in his left hip, and a broken left knee. Rickenbacker's left eyeball was also blown out of its socket. It took many months in the hospital, followed by a long time at home, for Rickenbacker to heal from this multitude of injuries and to regain his full eyesight. Rickenbacker described his terrible experience with vivid accounts of his mental state as he approached death-emphasizing the supreme act of will that it took to stave off dying. Rickenbacker's autobiography reports that he spent ten days at the door of death, which he illustrated as "having an overwhelming sensation of calm and pleasure". Another one of Rickenbacker's most famous near-death experiences occurred in October 1942. Stimson sent him on a tour of air bases in the Pacific Theater of Operations to review both living conditions and operations, but also to deliver personally a secret message of rebuke to General Douglas MacArthur from the President for negative public comments MacArthur had made about the administration and disparaging cables sent to Marshall. After visiting several air and sea bases in Hawaii, Rickenbacker was provided an older B-17D Flying Fortress (AAF Ser. No. 40-3089) as transportation to the South Pacific. The bomber, (with a crew of eight) strayed hundreds of miles off course while on its way to a refueling stop on Canton Island and was forced to ditch in a remote and little-traveled part of the Central Pacific Ocean. The failure in navigation has been ascribed to an out-of-adjustment celestial navigation instrument, a bubble octant, that gave a systematic bias to all of its readings. That octant reportedly had suffered a severe shock in a pre-takeoff mishap. The pre-takeoff mishap occurred during the first attempt to take off in a different bomber, but the landing gear's brakes seized mid-takeoff. They kept the same damaged bubble octant on a different plane, which caused the navigational failure. This unnecessary ditching spurred on the development of improved navigational instruments and also better survival gear for the air crewmen. The B-17's aircraft commander, former American Airlines pilot Captain William T. Cherry, Jr., was forced to ditch close to Japanese-held islands but the Americans were never spotted by Japanese patrol planes, and were adrift on the ocean for thousands of miles. For 24 days, Rickenbacker, Army Captain Hans C. Adamson, his friend and business partner, and the rest of the 8 crewmen drifted in life rafts at sea. Rickenbacker was still suffering somewhat from his earlier airplane crash, and Capt. Adamson sustained serious injuries during the ditching. The other crewmen who were in the B-17, named Bartek, Reynolds, Whittaker, Cherry, Kaczmarczyk, and De Angelis, were hurt to varying degrees. The crewmen's food supply ran out after three days. Then, on the eighth day, a seagull landed on Rickenbacker's head. He warily and cautiously captured it, and then the survivors meticulously divided it into equal parts and used part of it for fishing bait. They lived on sporadic rain water that fell and similar food "miracles", like fingerlings that they caught with their bare hands. Rickenbacker assumed leadership, encouraging and browbeating the others to keep their spirits up. One crewman, Alexander Kaczmarczyk, was suffering from dehydration. He drank sea water, knowing it was a bad idea. He died and was buried at sea. The U.S. Army Air Forces and the U.S. Navy's patrol planes planned to abandon the search for the lost B-17 crewmen after just over two weeks, but Rickenbacker's wife persuaded them to extend it another week. The services agreed to do so. Once again, the newspapers and radio broadcasts reported that Rickenbacker was dead. The seven split up. Cherry rowed off in the small raft and was rescued on day 23. Reynolds, De Angelis, and Whittwaker found a small island, close to another, inhabited one. The natives of the second one were hosting an allied radio station, so all was good for the men. Reynolds was extremely close to death. A U.S. Navy patrol OS2U-3 Kingfisher float-plane spotted and rescued the 3 survivors on November 13, off the coast of Nukufetau in Tuvalu. All were suffering from hyperthermia, sunburn, dehydration, and near-starvation. Rickenbacker completed his assignment and delivered his message, which has never been made public, to General MacArthur. Rickenbacker had thought that he had been lost for 21 days and wrote a book about this experience titled Seven Came Through, published by Doubleday, Doran. It was not until later that he recalculated the number of days, and he corrected himself in his autobiography in 1967. The pilot of the plane that rescued the survivors, Lieutenant William F. Eadie, USN, was awarded the Navy's Air Medal for his actions during the rescue. The story was also recounted in Lt. James Whittaker's book We Thought We Heard the Angels Sing, published in 1943. The story of Rickenbacker's ordeal has been used as an example for Alcoholics Anonymous when the first of their Twelve Traditions was formulated: "Our common welfare should come first. Personal recovery depends upon AA unity." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/aviation-history-films-2-dual-layer-dvd-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Terror: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict DVD MP4 Video Download

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1968: Aviation: The History Of Aviation: The History Of Civil Aviation: Hijackings: Aircraft Hijackings (Airplane Hijackings, Skyjackings, Plane Hijacking, Plane Jackings, Air Robberies, Air Piracy, Aircraft Piracy, Hijackings): The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Terrorism: Palestinian Terrorism: The Popular Front For The Liberation Of Palestine (PFLP) Arabic: Al-Jabha Ash-Sha'biyya Li-Tahrir Filastin): The El Al Flight 426 Hijacking: -- The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft occurs when El Al Flight 426, a Boeing 707 passenger jet flight carrying ten crew and 38 passengers, is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), setting off a wave of hijackings by the PFLP. Scholars have characterized this hijacking as a significant event in the advent of modern international air terrorism. The aircraft was scheduled to fly from Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport in Rome to Lod Airport, now known as Ben Gurion International Airport. The plane was diverted to Algiers. After the aircraft departed Rome, the pilots requested coffee from the cabin crew. As the coffee was being brought up to the pilots, two of the hijackers forced their way through the door to the flight deck, one of them clubbed the flight engineer with the butt of his pistol and ordered the plane to fly to Algiers. The remaining hijacker threatened the passengers with a pistol and an unpinned hand grenade. When the plane landed at Dar El Beida, Algerian authorities grounded the plane. The following day they sent all non-Israeli passengers to France on Air Algerie Caravelle jets. Ten women and children were released over the weekend. The remaining 12 Israeli passengers, and the crew of 10 were held as hostages for the remainder of the hijacking. The hijackers were identified as members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. They were equipped with Iranian and Indian passports. The hijackers were carefully chosen by the PFLP because of their occupations (a pilot, a colonel in the Palestinian army, and a karate teacher). The Israeli and Algerian governments negotiated the return of the hostages and plane through diplomatic channels. Five weeks later, everyone was released in exchange for 16 convicted Arab prisoners. According to the BBC, lasting 40 days, it was the longest hijacking of a commercial flight. Pilot Oded Abarbanell later wrote a memoir of his experience during the hijacking. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/terror-the-israelipalestinian-conflict-dvd-mp4-video-downloa4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Birth Of A Nation (1915) D. W. Griffith DVD, MP4 Download, USB Stick

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1948: #DOTD: #RIP: D. W. Griffith, American actor, director, producer, screenwriter and Freemason, one of the most important figures in the history of film who pioneered modern cinematic techniques and popularized the use of the close-up shot, co-founder of United Artists, and co-founder of the Academy Of Motion Picture Arts And Sciences; most remembered for The Birth Of A Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916), the former making use of advanced camera and narrative techniques, and whose popularity set the stage for the dominance of the feature-length film in the United States and sparked significant controversy surrounding racism in the United States, focusing on its negative depiction of black people and the glorification of the Ku Klux Klan (b. January 22, 1875) #dies unconscious at 3:42 PM in the lobby at the Knickerbocker Hotel in Los Angeles, California, where he had been living alone, of a cerebral hemorrhage on the way to a Hollywood hospital. A public memorial service was held in his honor at the Hollywood Masonic Temple. He is buried at Mount Tabor Methodist Church Graveyard in Centerfield, Kentucky. In 1950, The Directors Guild of America provided a stone and bronze monument for his grave site. D. W. Griffith was born David Wark Griffith on a farm in Oldham County, Kentucky, the son of Jacob Wark "Roaring Jake" Griffith, a Confederate Army colonel in the American Civil War who was elected as a Kentucky state legislator, and Mary Perkins (nee Oglesby). The Birth of a Nation is both acclaimed for its radical technique and condemned for its inherently racist philosophy. The film was subject to boycotts by the NAACP; screenings caused riots at several theaters and it was censored in many cities, including New York City. Intolerance was an answer to his critics. Several of Griffith's later films were also successful, including Broken Blossoms (1919), Way Down East (1920), and Orphans of the Storm (1921), but his high costs for production, promotion, and roadshow often made his ventures commercial failures. He made roughly 500 films by the time of his final feature The Struggle (1931). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/birth-of-a-nation-dvd-d-w-griffith-civil-war-movie.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Between The Wars TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1892: #BOTD: #HBD! Haile Selassie, Black African regent of Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930, Le'ul-Ras (Duke) Of Ethiopia from 1917 to 1930 as Ras Tafari Makonnen, Emperor Of Ethiopia as Haile Selassie I from 1930 to 1974, Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity from May 25 1963 to July 17, 1964 and November 5 1966 to September 11 1967 (d. August 27, 1975) is #born Tafari Makonnen in Ejersa Goro, Hararghe, Ethiopian Empire as a member of the Solomonic Dynasty who traced his lineage to Emperor Menelik I via his Shewan Amhara royal ancestors as a great-grandson of king Sahle Selassie. As a child he was known as Lij Tafari Makonnen (Noble Child Tafari Makonnen); when he became "Le'ul", he became Ras Tafari Makonnen (Noble Head Tafari Makonnen). At the League Of Nations in 1936, the emperor condemned the use of chemical weapons by Italy against his people during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War in one of the greatest public speeches of the twentieth century at The League Of Nations. His internationalist views led to Ethiopia becoming a charter member of the United Nations, and his political thought and experience in promoting multilateralism and collective security have proved seminal and enduring. His suppression of rebellions among the landed aristocracy (the mesafint), which consistently opposed his reforms, as well as what some critics perceived to be Ethiopia's failure to modernize rapidly enough, earned him criticism among some contemporaries and historians. During his rule the Harari people were ethnically cleansed from the Harari Region. His regime was also criticized by human rights groups, such as Human Rights Watch, as autocratic and illiberal. Among the Rastafari movement, whose followers are estimated to number between 700,000 and one million, Haile Selassie is revered as the returned messiah of the Bible, God incarnate. Beginning in Jamaica in the 1930s, the Rastafari movement perceives Haile Selassie as a messianic figure who will lead a future golden age of eternal peace, righteousness, and prosperity. Haile Selassie was an Ethiopian Orthodox Christian throughout his life. He is a defining figure in Ethiopian history. The 1973 Wollo Famine in Ethiopia, estimated to have killed 40,000 to 80,000 Ethiopians, led to the 1974 Ethiopian Coup D'Etat that removed Haile Selassie from the throne on September 12, 1974. Haile Selassie died under suspicious circumstances. Ethiopian state media reported on August 28, 1975 that he had died of "respiratory failure" following complications from a prostate examination followed up by a prostate operation. Dr. Asrat Woldeyes denied that complications had occurred, and rejected the government version of his death; the prostate operation in question apparently had taken place months before the state media claimed, and Haile Selassie had apparently enjoyed strong health in his last days. In 1994, an Ethiopian court found several former military officers guilty of strangling the emperor to death in his bed. Three years after the military socialist Derg regime was overthrown, the court charged them with genocide and murder, claiming that it had obtained documents attesting to a high-level order from the military regime to assassinate Haile Selassie for leading a "feudal regime". Documents have been widely circulated online showing the Derg's final assassination order and bearing the military regime's seal and signature. The veracity of these documents has been corroborated by multiple former members of the military Derg regime. The Soviet-backed People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, the Derg's successor, fell in 1991. In 1992, Haile 2Selassie's bones were found under a concrete slab on the palace grounds, Haile Selassie's coffin rested in Bhata Church for nearly a decade, near his great-uncle Menelik II's resting place. On November 5, 2000, the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa gave him a funeral, but the government refused calls to declare the ceremony an official imperial funeral. Prominent Rastafari figures such as Rita Marley participated in the funeral, but most Rastafari rejected the event and refused to accept that the bones were Haile Selassie's remains. There is some debate within the Rastafari movement whether he actually died in 1975. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/between-the-wars-dvd-set-all-16-tv-shows-4-discs164.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Remember Pearl Harbor 50th Anniversary Special MP4 Video Download DVD

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1955: #DOTD: #RIP: Cordell Hull, American captain, lawyer, and politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee, 47th and longest-serving United States Secretary Of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933-1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during most of World War II, Nobel Prize laureate for the formation of The United Nations and referred to by President Roosevelt as the "Father Of The United Nations" (b. October 2, 1871) #dies at his home in Washington, D.C., after a lifelong struggle with familial remitting-relapsing sarcoidosis (inflammation of the cells particularly in the lungs, often confused with tuberculosis) at age 83. He is buried in the vault of the Chapel of St. Joseph Of Arimathea in the Washington National Cathedral. Cordell Hull was born in a log cabin in Olympus, Tennessee, which is now part of Pickett County, Tennessee, but was then part of Overton County. He pursued a legal career after graduating from the Cumberland School of Law. He won election to the Tennessee House of Representatives and served in Cuba during the Spanish-American War. He represented Tennessee in the United States House Of Representatives from 1907 to 1921 and from 1923 to 1931. As a member of the House Ways and Means Committee, Hull helped pass the Revenue Act of 1913 and the Revenue Act of 1916, which implemented the federal income tax and the federal estate tax. He served as Chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1921 to 1924 and was a presidential candidate at the 1928 Democratic National Convention. Hull won election to the Senate in 1930, but resigned from the Senate in 1933 to become Secretary Of State. Roosevelt and Hull pursued the Good Neighbor policy, which sought to avoid U.S. intervention in Latin American affairs. In the aftermath of Mexican agrarian reforms, he developed the Hull Doctrine as a way to compensate foreign investors in the aftermath of nationalization. In November 1941, he presented the Hull Note to Japan, officially the Outline of Proposed Basis for Agreement Between the United States and Japan, demanding Japanese withdrawal from French Indochina and China. It was the final proposal delivered to the Empire Of Japan by the United States before the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Japanese declaration of war. The note was delivered on November 26, 1941 and is named for Secretary Of State Cordell Hull. It was the culmination of a series of events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor. In 1943, Hull and his staff drafted the document that became the United Nations Charter. Hull resigned as Secretary Of State due to poor health in 1944. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/remember-pearl-harbor-50th-anniversary-special-mp4-video-download-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Washington, D.C. History Video Set DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 2010: #DOTD: #RIP: Daniel Schorr, American journalist and author, considered one of America's greatest broadcast newsmen, who covered international news for more than 60 years, most notably with CBS News, one of "Murrow's Boys", listed on Richard Nixon's enemies list (b. August 31, 1916) #dies from an apparent "short illness" on July 23, 2010, at a Washington, D.C. hospital, at the age of 93. Schorr's last broadcast commentary for NPR aired on Saturday, July 10, 2010 (on Weekend Edition). His remains are buried at Parklawn Memorial Park in Rockville, Maryland. Daniel Schorr was born Daniel Louis Schorr in the Bronx, New York, the son of Jewish Russian immigrants Tillie Godiner and Gedaliah Tchornemoretz. Schorr won three Emmy Awards for his television journalism, and he was most recently a Senior News Analyst for National Public Radio (NPR). Following several years as a stringer, in 1953 he joined CBS News as one of the recruits of Edward R. Murrow (becoming part of the later generation of Murrow's Boys). In 1955, with the post-Stalin thaw in the Soviet Union, he received accreditation to open a CBS bureau in Moscow. In June 1957, he obtained an exclusive interview with Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Communist Party chief. It aired on CBS's Face the Nation, Schorr's first television interview. Schorr left the Soviet Union later that year, because of Soviet censorship laws. When he applied for a new visa, it was denied by the Soviets. Schorr once quipped that while he was covering Moscow, he asked Khrushchev about when the Soviet Central Committe would next meet, concerned that Schorr might not be present to report on it; Khrushchev replied that he should not worry about it, but that if it a meeting was absolutely neccessary, the Central Committee, would meeting would have to go on without him. In January 1962, he aired the first examination of everyday life under communism in East Germany, The Land Beyond the Wall: Three Weeks in a German City, which The New York Times called a "journalistic coup". After agreeing not to foster "propaganda" for the United States, Schorr was granted the rights to conduct the interviews in Rostock. By airing everyday life, Schorr painted a picture of the necessity for a Communist state to seal itself off from the West in order to survive. President John F. Kennedy's Secretary of State Dean Rusk criticized Schorr's actions in an August 10, 1962 diplomatic cable for a checkbook journalism story (the controversial practice of news reporters paying sources for their information) in which, "Schorr involved himself in a matter which was far beyond his private or journalistic responsibilities and proceeded amateurishly in a matter filled with greatest danger for all concerned. As we anticipated, [the] other side turned out to be fully aware of the matter and laid a trap which could have resulted in [a] massacre [of] those involved." A meeting with the State Department over the matter recorded in a cable stated, "Schorr appeared chastened by [the] fact that a plan which was to be his greatest achievement had failed. He did not give slightest appearance of being contrite." CBS executives were not amused when Schorr reported, incorrectly, that Barry Goldwater was said to "travel to Germany to join-up with the right-wing there", and visit "Hitler's one-time stomping ground" in Berchtesgaden, immediately after he became the Republican nominee for president. For obvious reasons, this did not fare well with Goldwater, who demanded an apology for the "CBS conspiracy" against his campaign for president. Schorr took a close journalistic interest in the career of Vice President of the United States Hubert Humphrey. Schorr attracted the anger of Richard Nixon's White House. In 1971, after a dispute with White House aides, Schorr's friends, neighbors, and co-workers were questioned by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) about his habits. They were told that Schorr was under consideration for a high-level position in the environmental area. Schorr knew nothing about it. Later, during the Watergate hearings, it was revealed that Nixon aides had drawn up what became known as Nixon's Enemies List, and Daniel Schorr was on that list as "a real media enemy". Famously, Schorr read the list aloud on live TV, surprised to be reading his own name in that context. Schorr won Emmys for news reporting during the Watergate Scandal years of 1972, 1973, and 1974. Schorr provoked intense controversy in 1976 when he received and made public the contents of the secret Pike Committee report on illegal Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and FBI activities. Called to testify before Congress, he refused to identify his source on First Amendment grounds, risking imprisonment. This did not mollify CBS executives, and Schorr ultimately resigned from his position at CBS in September 1976. Although scolded at first for his television report by former CIA director Richard Helms, Schorr was vindicated by the text of the report, which he had obtained from an undisclosed source and sent to The Village Voice. Schorr "remained silent in the face of false suspicions that another CBS correspondent, Lesley Stahl, had given the (Pike) report to The Voice". Roger Mudd stated in his autobiography that Schorr personally spread rumors that Stahl had leaked the paper, while Stahl in her autobiography stated that she was "flabbergasted" at the accusation from Schorr and the resulting furor within CBS as the executives were "deciding what to do" with her over the serious journalistic breach she was accused of, while Nora Ephron reports that Stahl considered a slander suit against Schorr. Schorr later donated his profits from the sale of the Pike papers to the Reporters' Committee For Freedom of the Press. In 1977, Schorr was hired by Reese Schonfeld as a White House correspondent for ITNA (Independent Television News Association), a news agency serving independent television news stations in the U.S. In 1979, Schonfeld and Ted Turner brought Schorr to Cable News Network (CNN), where he was the first on-camera employee hired; CNN founder Ted Turner promised Schorr a satellite receiver dish if he accepted, a gift which at that time was very expensive and unique, so much so that Schorr's radio dish became something of a landmark. Schorr accordingly reported news and delivered commentary and news analysis on the fledgling CNN, but his contract was not renewed in 1985, one of the two times he stated he was "fired". He then took the position as Senior News Analyst at NPR, a position he held for decades up to the time of his death. In that position, he regularly commented on current events for programs including All Things Considered and Weekend Edition. On May 14, 2006, Schorr mentioned on Weekend Edition a meeting at the White House that took place with colleague A. M. Rosenthal and president Gerald Ford, stating that the Rockefeller Commission had access to various CIA documents, including those referring to political assassinations. Schorr also wrote a column for The Christian Science Monitor for several decades. Schorr was called "reliably liberal", and was "widely regarded as a liberal" according to another source, though he regarded the label as inaccurate. In 1994, Schorr narrated the TV miniseries, Watergate. In the late 1990s, he appeared briefly as a newscaster in three Hollywood movies: The Net (1995), The Game (1997), and The Siege (1998). In The Game, Schorr appeared as himself as an agent of an organization that interferes with the main character's life. He also appeared as himself in the docufiction film World War Three that presented an alternative ending to the USA/USSR Cold War. Schorr was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2002. Though not a fan of rock music, Schorr became friends with composer Frank Zappa after the latter contacted him, asking for help with a voter registration drive. Schorr made an appearance with Zappa on February 10, 1988, where he sang "It Ain't Necessarily So" and "Summertime". Schorr delivered the eulogy on NPR after Zappa's death on December 4, 1993; he professed not to understand Zappa's lengthy discourses on music theory, but he found a kindred spirit-a serious man with a commitment to free speech. About 20 years after Nixon's resignation, Schorr attended a dinner where Nixon spoke about the Soviet Union. After the dinner ended, Schorr walked up to Nixon and said, "Mr. Nixon, I'm not sure you'll remember me." Nixon replied, "Dan Schorr, damn near hired you once." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/washington-dc-history-videos-dvd-mp4-download-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old Time Radio Crime & Detective MP3 MegaSet DVD, Download, USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1888: #BOTD: #HBD! Raymond Chandler, American-British crime novelist and screenwriter (d. March 26, 1959) is #born Raymond Thornton Chandler in Chicago Illinois. In 1932, at the age of forty-four, Chandler became a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive during the Great Depression. His first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in 1933 in Black Mask, a popular pulp magazine. His first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published seven novels during his lifetime (an eighth, in progress at the time of his death, was completed by Robert B. Parker). All but Playback have been made into motion pictures, some more than once. In the year before his death, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature. He is a founder of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other Black Mask writers. The protagonist of his novels, Philip Marlowe, like Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with "private detective". Both were played in films by Humphrey Bogart, whom many consider to be the quintessential Marlowe. At least three of Chandler's novels have been regarded as masterpieces: Farewell, My Lovely (1940), The Little Sister (1949), and The Long Goodbye (1953). Raymond Chandler died at Scripps Memorial Hospital of pneumonial peripheral vascular shock and prerenal uremia (according to the death certificate) aged 70 in La Jolla, California. Chandler is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery, in San Diego, California. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/old-time-radio-crime-and-detective-megaset-3-dual-layer-mp3-dv33.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Way To The Stars (Uncut) {Johnny in the Clouds (Cut)} MP4 DVD USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1966: #DOTD: #RIP: Douglass Montgomery, also credited as Kent Douglass, American film actor (b. October 29, 1909) #dies of spinal cancer in Norwalk, Connecticut at age 56. His remains were cremated, and the ashes given to his widow Kay Young. Douglass Montgomery was born Robert Douglass Montgomery in Los Angeles, California. Montgomery used the stage name Douglass Montgomery when he began acting in New York. He gained early acting experience at the Pasadena Community Playhouse. The film phase of his career began at MGM in 1930, playing the second male lead in films such as Paid and Five And Ten. When he signed his contract at the studio his name was changed to Kent Douglass, to avoid confusion with that studio's star Robert Montgomery. Upon leaving MGM in 1932, he changed it back to Douglass Montgomery. His most celebrated roles were Laurie in Little Women (1933), opposite Katharine Hepburn's Jo March, and Johnny Hollis in The Way To The Stars (UK; released as Johnny In The Clouds in the US) (1945). After serving in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II, Montgomery moved to Great Britain and made films there. He later returned to the U.S. and appeared in a number of television shows. Montgomery married British actress Kay Young (born Kathleen Tamar Young) on March 14, 1952, at Bethlehem Federated Church. He was her second husband. Young had divorced film actor Michael Wilding the year before she wed Montgomery. (Wilding remarried in 1952, to Hollywood star Elizabeth Taylor.) Young and Montgomery remained married until his death. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-way-to-the-stars-dvd-world-war-ii-feature-film.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Goons Running Jumping Standing Still Mukkinese Battle-Horn DVD MP4 USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 2002: #DOTD: #RIP: Leo McKern, Australian sapper, actor, and comedian who appeared in numerous British, Australian and American television programmes and films, and in more than 200 stage roles (b. March 16, 1920) #dies of diabetes in a Bath, Somerset, England nursing home where he had moved a few weeks earlier, aged 82. His body was cremated at Haycombe Cemetery in Bath, where he is buried. Reginald "Leo" McKern, AO was born Reginald "Leo" McKern in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Known as "Leo" from a young age, his notable roles include: Man With Boxing Glove in The Running Jumping & Standing Still Film (1959), which inspired such films as the two Beatles films A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965), and the television series Monty Python's Flying Circus (1969-1974); Clang in Help! (1965); Thomas Cromwell in A Man for All Seasons (1966); Number Two in The Prisoner (1967); Tom Ryan in Ryan's Daughter (1970); Carl Bugenhagen in the first and second installments of The Omen series, The Omen (1976) and Damien: Omen II (1978); Paddy Button in The Blue Lagoon (1980); Dr. Grogan in The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981); Father Imperius in Ladyhawke (1985); and the role that made him a household name as an actor, Horace Rumpole, whom he played in the British television series Rumpole of the Bailey (1978-1992). On leaving school, he initially worked in a factory, where at the age of 15, he suffered an accident which resulted in the removal of his left eye. He first worked as an engineering apprentice, then as an artist, followed by service as a sapper with the Australian Army's Royal Australian Engineers during World War II, a unit of the Second Australian Imperial Force that served in North Africa, Malaya, New Guinea and Borneo campaigns. In 1944, in Sydney, he performed in his first stage role. McKern fell in love with Australian actress Jane Holland, moved to the United Kingdom to be with her, and married her in 1946. He soon became a regular performer at London's Old Vic theatre and the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre (now the Royal Shakespeare Theatre) in Stratford-upon-Avon, despite the difficulties posed by his glass eye and Australian accent. McKern's most notable Shakespearean role was as Iago in Othello, in 1952. One of McKern's earliest television roles was in the 1950s black-and-white series The Adventures of Robin Hood (as Sir Roger DeLisle, usurper of the Locksley manor and lands, and Herbert of Doncaster, a corrupt moneylender). During the 1960s, he was one of several Number Twos in the groundbreaking and critically acclaimed TV series The Prisoner. Along with Colin Gordon, McKern was one of only two actors to play Number Two more than once. He first played the character in the episodes "The Chimes of Big Ben" and "Once Upon a Time", and later reprised the role in the final episode, "Fall Out". The filming of "Once Upon a Time" proved to be a particularly intense experience for McKern; according to one biographer, the stress caused him to suffer either a nervous breakdown or a heart attack (accounts differ), forcing production to stop for a time. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/goons-running-jumping-standing-still-mukkinese-battlehorn-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Z (1969) Grigoris Lambrakis & The Greek Generals Coup Of 1967 MP4 DVD

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1974: Greece: Modern Greece (The Hellenic Republic): Politics Of Greece: Elections In Greece: The 1967 Greek Legislative Election: The Greek Junta (The Regime Of The Colonels, The Greek Military Junta Of 1967-1974, The Junta, The Dictatorship, The Seven Years): The Coup D'Etat Of April 21: -- The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government, beginning Greece's metapolitefsi era. The Greek Military Junta Of 1967-1974, commonly known as the Regime of the Colonels, or in Greece simply The Junta, The Dictatorship and The Seven Years, was a series of far-right military juntas that ruled Greece following the 1967 Greek coup d'etat led by a group of colonels on 21 April 1967. The dictatorship ended on 24 July 1974 under the pressure of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The fall of the junta was followed by the Metapolitefsi (the transitional period from the fall of the dictatorship to the 1974 legislative elections and the democratic period immediately after these elections) and the establishment of the Third Hellenic Republic (formed after both the fall of Greek military junta and final the abolition of the Greek monarchy), which rules up to the present day. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/z-1969-dvd-yves-montand-irene-papas-jeanlouis-trintig1969.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 Documentary DVD, Download, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1988: Natural Disasters: Natural Disasters In The United States: Fires: Conflagrations: Conflagrations In The United States: Wildfires (Forest Fires, Bushfires, Brushfires, Wildland Fires, Rural Fires): The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988: The Mink Fire: -- The Mink Fire, which had started in Bridger-Teton National Forest from lightning on July 11 and burned north following the Yellowstone River valley after firefighters forced the fire away from private lands, enters the park, but is deemed to be a low risk since it was in a very remote section of the park. The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 (June 14 - November 18, 1988) started as many smaller individual fires. The flames quickly spread out of control due to drought conditions and increasing winds, combining into one large conflagration which burned for several months. The fires almost destroyed two major visitor destinations and, on September 8, 1988, the entire park closed to all non-emergency personnel for the first time in its history. Only the arrival of cool and moist weather in the late autumn brought the fires to an end. A total of 793,880 acres (3,213 km2), or 36 percent of the park, was affected by the wildfires. Thousands of firefighters fought the fires, assisted by dozens of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft which were used for water and fire retardant drops. At the peak of the effort, more than 9,000 firefighters were assigned to the park. With fires raging throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and other areas in the western United States, the staffing levels of the National Park Service and other land management agencies were inadequate for the situation; more than 4,000 U.S. military personnel were soon brought in to assist in wildfire suppression efforts. The firefighting effort cost 120M USD (260M USD in 2021). Losses to structures were minimized by concentrating firefighting efforts near major visitor areas, keeping property damage down to 3M USD (7M USD as of 2021). No firefighters died while fighting the Yellowstone fires, though there were two fire-related deaths outside the park. Before the late 1960s, fires were generally believed to be detrimental for parks and forests, and management policies were aimed at suppressing fires as quickly as possible. However, as the beneficial ecological role of fire became better understood in the decades before 1988, a policy was adopted of allowing natural fires to burn under controlled conditions, which proved highly successful in reducing the area lost annually to wildfires. The unprecedented nature of the fires led to many questions about existing fire management policies. Media accounts of mismanagement were often sensational and inaccurate, sometimes wrongly reporting or implying that most of the park was being destroyed. While there were temporary declines in air quality during the fires, no adverse long-term health effects have been recorded in the ecosystem and, contrary to initial reports, few large mammals were killed by the fires, though there was a subsequent reduction in the number of moose which has yet to rebound. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-yellowstone-fires-of-1988-documentary1988.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Douglas MacArthur Documentaries Set DVD, Video Download, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1971: #DOTD: #RIP: Van Heflin, American theatre, radio and film actor and narrator (b. December 13, 1908) #dies at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles at 6:43 am of a heart attack while swimming in a pool seven weeks prior, when he lost and never regained consciousness, aged 62. He left instructions forbidding a public funeral. Instead, his cremated remains were scattered in the ocean. He was born Emmett Evan Heflin Jr. in Walters, Oklahoma. He played mostly character parts over the course of his film career, but during the 1940s had a string of roles as a leading man. Heflin won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Johnny Eager (1942). He also had memorable roles in Westerns such as Shane (1953), 3:10 to Yuma (1957), and Gunman's Walk (1958). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/general-douglas-macarthur-dvd-korea-wwii-documentaries.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Night That Panicked America: War Of The Worlds DVD, Download, USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1982: #DOTD: #RIP: Vic Morrow, American actor and film director whose credits include a starring role in the 1960s ABC television series Combat!, prominent roles in a handful of other television and film dramas such as The Night That Panicked America (1975), and numerous guest roles on television (b. February 14, 1929) #dies when he is killed along with two child actors, Myca Dinh Le and Renee Shin-Yi Chen, by a stunt helicopter crash while shooting a scene directed by John Landis from Twilight Zone:The Movie outside of Santa Clarita, California. Their deaths led to a high-profile legal case, although no one was found to be criminally liable for the accident. Born Victor Morozoff into a Jewish family in the Bronx, New York City, Morrow also gained notice for his roles in movies Blackboard Jungle (1955), King Creole (1958), God's Little Acre (1958), Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry (1974), and The Bad News Bears (1976). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-night-that-panicked-america-dvd-war-of-the-worlds-broadcast.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Music & Dance Shows #8 American Action DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1944: #BOTD: #HBD! Dino Danelli, American drummer and visual artist, best known as an original member and the drummer in the rock group The Young Rascals (d. December 15, 2022) is #born into an Italian American family in Jersey City, New Jersey. A jazz drummer by training, Danelli had played with Lionel Hampton and was playing R & B in New Orleans by 1961. He returned to New York in 1962 with a band called Ronnie Speeks & the Elrods. He also worked at times with such legendary performers as Little Willie John. Danelli met Eddie Brigati (a pickup singer on the local R & B circuit), and Felix Cavaliere (a classically trained pianist) in 1963. Later that year, Danelli and Cavaliere traveled to Las Vegas to try their luck with a casino house band. They remained there until early 1964, but then ventured back to New York City. In late 1964, Danelli teamed with Cavaliere, Brigati and a Canadian-born guitarist named Gene Cornish to form the Young Rascals. Cavaliere and Danelli traveled to Las Vegas in January 1963/64 to back up singer Sandu Scott and her Scottys, but returned to NYC in February 1964. That month they debuted with the Young Rascals at the Choo Choo Club in Garfield, New Jersey. In addition to playing drums (before Cavaliere and Brigati began composing original music), Danelli and Cavaliere often scouted new repertory that the group could perform. In a 1988 interview, he cited their trips to record stores as yielding such songs as "Mustang Sally" and "Good Lovin'." He was with the Rascals for seven years (1965-72). Along with Cornish, Danelli formed the group Bulldog in 1972 and they produced two albums before disbanding in 1975. Danelli joined the Leslie West Band for a short time along with bassist Busta Cherry Jones, formerly of Gang Of Four. Danneli and Cornish then joined the group Fotomaker in 1978 (initially with ex-Raspberries member Wally Bryson). By 1980, Danelli joined Steven Van Zandt as a member of Little Steven & The Disciples of Soul. After performing with Cavaliere and Cornish at the Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary concert on May 14, 1988, there was a short-lived Rascals reunion tour later that year without Brigati. All four original members came together to perform at their induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 and then once again on April 24, 2010, for the Kristen Ann Carr Fund dinner at the Tribeca Grill in Tribeca, New York City. He reunited with his bandmates before his death. The Rascals appeared at the Capital Theater in Port Chester, NY for six shows in December 2012 and for fifteen dates at the Richard Rogers Theatre on Broadway (April 15 - May 5, 2013). Their last production, entitled 'Once Upon A Dream', toured North America (Toronto, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Chicago, Detroit, Rochester, and New York City). It was produced by long-time Rascals fans, Steven Van Zandt and his wife Maureen. In 1999, Danelli produced a series of tracks for New York singer-songwriter Roxanne Fontana, which were released as an album entitled Love Is Blue on Etoile Records. He was also a visual artist, based at DinoDanelliArt.com, and he designed album covers for The Rascals and Little Steven & the Disciples of Soul. Dino Danelli died from coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure at a rehabilitation facility in Manhattan after a period of declining health. He was 78. His remains were cremated; the final disposition of his ashes are unknown. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-8-where-american-action-is-dv8.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Don Imus, radio host and humorist (d. December 27, 2019, is #born John Donald Imus Jr. in Riverside, California, to a wealthy family. His nationally syndicated talk show Imus in the Morning was broadcast throughout the United States by Cumulus Media Networks. Imus was the earliest shock jock radio host, pioneering a style of entertainment that is considered irreverent and, to many, offensive. His programs have been both popular and controversial throughout his career. He retired in March 2018 after nearly 50 years on the air. Don Imus died in College Station, Texas at the age of 79 of complications from lung disease. His body was donated to medical science, specifically Texas A & M University. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/dj-radio-airchecks-mp3-dvd-1950s60s70s-dis319506070.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Going Hollywood: The War Years U.S. WWII Cinema DVD Download USB Drive

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 1925: #BOTD: #HBD! Gloria DeHaven, American actress, singer, dancer, pin-up girl and beauty who was a contract movie star for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) (d. July 30, 2016) is #born Gloria Mildred DeHaven in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of actor-director Carter DeHaven and actress Flora Parker DeHaven, both former vaudeville performers. A 1983 newspaper article reported, "Miss DeHaven ... says that her real family name was O'Callahan before her father legally changed his name to DeHaven. Her original last name was O'Callahan before her father legally changed it to DeHaven. She began her career as a child actor with a bit part in Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times (1936). She signed a contract with MGM, and had featured roles in such films as Best Foot Forward (1943), The Thin Man Goes Home (1944), Scene of the Crime (1949) and Summer Stock (1950), and was voted by exhibitors as the third most likely to be a "star of tomorrow'" in 1944. She portrayed her own mother, Flora Parker DeHaven, in the Fred Astaire film Three Little Words (1950). She then took a long break from the screen, largely to showcase her musical talents, and to act on stage and television. Being cast as a singer in many of her films, including I'll Get By, So This Is Paris and The Girl Rush, and performing numbers in many of her movies, DeHaven also sang with the bands of Jan Savitt and Bob Crosby and at one time had her own nightclub act. DeHaven appeared often in the 1950's at the El Rancho Vegas, the first full service hotel casino on the Las Vegas Strip. During the early 1960s, DeHaven recorded for the small Seeco label, where she appeared on the 1962 compilation album Gloria Lynne and Her Friends. She was also heard on four of the Revisited compilations produced by Ben Bagley. DeHaven's Broadway debut came in 1955. She played Diane in the musical version of Seventh Heaven. She also toured in a summer stock production of No, No, Nanette. On television, DeHaven appeared in the soap operas Ryan's Hope (as Bess Shelby), As the World Turns (as Sara Fuller), and Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. She was one of the numerous celebrities who appeared in the all-star box office flop, Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood (1976), and guest-starred in television series, including Robert Montgomery Presents; Appointment with Adventure (episode entitled "The Snow People"); The Guy Mitchell Show; Johnny Ringo (as Rosemary Blake in "Love Affair"); The Rifleman; Wagon Train; The Lloyd Bridges Show; Flipper; Marcus Welby, M.D.; Gunsmoke; Mannix; The Eddie Capra Mysteries; Fantasy Island; Hart to Hart; The Love Boat; Mama's Family; Highway to Heaven; Murder, She Wrote; and Touched by an Angel. On March 21, 1974, Gloria appeared as a guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Later that year, she was cast in the short-lived police drama Nakia., She also appeared with Horace Heidt on his "Swift Family Show Wagon" in 1955. From January 1969 to February 1971, DeHaven hosted a morning call-in movie show on WABC-TV in New York City. She also appeared on five episodes of Match Game 75 as a guest panelist. After a 47 year long absence from the screen, DeHaven appeared as the love interest of Jack Lemmon in the comedy Out to Sea (1997), also starring Walter Matthau. DeHaven was a staunch Republican and attributed her youthful appearance in later years to an organic diet and faith in prayer. DeHaven has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6933 Hollywood Blvd. Gloria DeHaven died in Las Vegas of undisclosed causes a week after her 91st birthday while in hospice care after having had a stroke a few months earlier. Her remains were cremated, and the ashes given to her four children. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/going-hollywood-the-war-years-us-wwii-cinema-dvd-download-usb-drive.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: We Remember: The Space Shuttle Pioneers 1981-1986 DVD, Download, USB

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 02:04:00 PDT

July 23, 2012: #DOTD: #RIP: Sally Ride, American pilot, PhD, astronaut, physicist and beauty, youngest American astronaut to have flown in space, first American woman and the third woman to fly in space, the only known LGBT person, Astronaut or Cosmonaut, to travel in space at age 32 (May 26, 1951) #dies of pancreatic cancer at her home in La Jolla, California at the age of 61. Following cremation, her ashes were interred next to those of her father at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica. Her papers are in the National Air and Space Museum Archives of the Smithsonian Institution. Having been married to astronaut Steven Hawley during her spaceflight years and in a private, long-term relationship with former Women's Tennis Association player Tam O'Shaughnessy, she is the first astronaut known to have been LGBT. Ride's obituary publicly revealed for the first time that O'Shaughnessy had been her partner of 27 years. This made Ride the first known LGBT astronaut. The relationship was confirmed by Ride's sister Bear, who said Ride chose to keep her personal life private, including her sickness and treatments. Sally Ride was born Sally Kristen Ride in the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Sally Ride Day is a special appreciation holiday that is held on May 26 every year in commemoration of her birthday. Ride was a graduate of Stanford University, where she earned a Bachelor of Science degree in physics and a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature in 1973, a Master of Science degree in physics in 1975, and a Doctor of Philosophy in physics in 1978 for research on the interaction of X-rays with the interstellar medium. She was selected as a mission specialist astronaut with NASA Astronaut Group 8, the first class of NASA astronauts to include women. After completing her training in 1979, she served as the ground-based capsule communicator (CapCom) for the second and third Space Shuttle flights, and helped develop the Space Shuttle's robotic arm. In June 1983, she flew in space on the Space Shuttle Challenger on the STS-7 mission. The mission deployed two communications satellites and the first Shuttle pallet satellite (SPAS-1). Ride operated the robotic arm to deploy and retrieve SPAS-1. Her second space flight was the STS-41-G mission in 1984, also on board Challenger. She spent a total of more than 343 hours in space. She left NASA in 1987. Ride worked for two years at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Arms Control, then at the University of California, San Diego, primarily researching nonlinear optics and Thomson scattering. She served on the committees that investigated the loss of Challenger and of Columbia, the only person to participate in both. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/we-remember-the-space-shuttle-pioneers-198119811986.html