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Today's
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March 15: National Peanut Lovers Day: --
National Peanut Lovers Day is celebrated on March 15 every year.
This day is dedicated to fans of peanuts and the legume itself.
Wait, a legume? Yes, the peanut is, as a matter of fact, a member
of the legume family (like peas, beans, or lentils). Did you know
that the average American consumes about six pounds of nuts per
year? Peanuts are more than just nature's sweet snacks, they are
also healthy and packed with important nutrients - especially
protein. Scientists say nut eaters may live longer than
non-consumers. Peanuts may be enjoyed alone, and or in various
nut-based treats. Peanuts, like every popular crop today, have
come a long way. While the peanut is now cultivated in tropical
and subtropical regions across the world, it is believed that the
plant is native to South America. By the 1700s, the plant made its
way to North America through Spanish explorers. Subsequently,
Spanish returnees took peanuts to Europe with them, and
cross-continental merchants took peanuts to Africa and Asia.
Although several commercial peanut farms existed in the U.S. as
early as the eighteenth century, they were only a handful. For a
long time, peanuts were almost exclusive to the southern U.S. This
was largely due to the crop's tedious cultivation and harvesting
techniques, and partly because peanuts were believed to be food
for the indigent. It wasn't until after the Civil War that the
demand for peanuts took off and grew beyond the southern U.S. At
the close of the nineteenth century, technological innovations
simplified the production, harvesting, and processing of peanuts.
This led to the growth and popularity of the industry. With
high-tech, automated machines, it's now easier to produce,
package, store, and market peanut-based derivatives like butter,
oil, and various tasty treats. Four varieties of peanuts are
common in the U.S. - the Runner, the Spanish, Valencia, and
Virginia. The Runner is the most popular variety, constituting
about 80% of the peanuts cultivated in the U.S., while
sweet-flavored Valencia is the least cultivated type, accounting
for less than 1% of peanut production in the U.S. Today, the U.S.
exports peanuts to different countries around the world, with the
crop contributing about four billion dollars to the economy
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Today's
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March 15: National Shoe The World Day: --
Today sheds light on the importance of footwear and the need for
quality footwear for millions of people worldwide who can't afford
or don't have access to it. Did you know that nearly one billion
people on Earth don't have shoes, or their footwear is inadequate?
Despite difficult terrains and climates, these people walk
barefoot or with poor-quality footwear. The good news is that we
can all do something about it by donating, sponsoring, or gifting
shoes to those who don't have them. Food, shelter, and clothes are
the basic needs of every human in this world. However, one such
necessity that millions of people worldwide struggle to get is
good quality footwear. From walking barefoot on hard, warm
surfaces to walking in slippery, muddy jungles, many people don't
have access to footwear. Walking without protection or barefoot
can even lead to a lifetime of problems, including pain, injury,
cuts, sores, infections, parasites, e.t.c. Moreover, apart from
the health issues, people can get banned from schools and other
business places for not wearing them, and this issue is exactly
what National Shoe The World Day addresses. We might be blessed to
have several pairs of shoes in our closets, but few are lucky
enough to have one pair of shoes even though they are much too big
for them. National Shoe The World Day was created by the United
Indigenous People in Fontana, California, inspired by Donald
Zsemonadi in March 2014. Since then, people worldwide have
participated in this event and helped 'shoe' those struggling
without good quality or no footwear. For some of us, shoes might
not be such a big thing to talk about and celebrate, but good
shoes are still a dream for some in underdeveloped communities.
So, let's raise awareness about the importance of good shoes and
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Today's
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March 15: International Redefining Wealth
Day: -- A day asks people to question what wealth means. Should
your existence revolve around having money or having well-being?
And is it possible for you to earn more out of life without
amassing material wealth? It's about achieving your life's
purpose, finding fulfillment in the little things, and chasing
goals instead of money. A fresh take on your relationship with
money starts with acknowledging that there's more to life than
material possessions. Looking at things from the perspective of
opportunity and abundance is more rewarding. The day was
introduced by Patrice Washington who is the award-winning author
of "Redefine Wealth For Yourself," and host of "The
Redefining Wealth Podcast." Washington has appeared on shows
like "Dr. Oz," "The Steve Harvey Show," and he
has also acted as a financial advisor to Steve Harvey's radio and
television shows since 2014, and featured in several publications
such as "Essence Magazine," "New York Post,"
and "Cosmopolitan." Through her teachings on the six
pillars of wealth - fit, people, faith, space, work, and money,
Washington shows women and men that leading a disciplined but
satisfying life is better than becoming a hostage to pursuing
money. As an accomplished personal finance expert and
transformational speaker, Washington's work has impacted the lives
of millions, giving them the tools to prosper in their careers,
homes, and personal finances. Washington's unique philosophy sets
her apart from so many other financial gurus, and she freely
admits to this making her an outlier within her profession.
Washington has indicated that the day is a call to those more
interested in finding their life's purpose and gaining wisdom for
living a fulfilling life. It is the reason she conceptualized
Redefining Wealth Day so as to help like-minded people develop
individual goals and visions rather than forcing themselves to
live a life of deprivation to become rich. This way, people can
become the best version of themselves and focus on relationships
that matter. International Redefining Wealth Day is about setting
up your life to support yourself and believing in something
greater than material success while attracting the prosperity you
desire and living your life's purpose. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
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March 15: World Consumer Rights Day: --
World Consumer Rights Day, celebrated on March 15 every year, is a
global event that aims to raise awareness about consumer rights
and needs. Consumer rights mean that every person who buys various
products, goods, and services, has the right to have information
on the quality, purity, price, and standard of those products. Did
you know that you have the right to file a complaint from
anywhere, anytime as a consumer? Most people are not aware of
their rights as consumers, so by celebrating this day, we make
others aware of the right to demand protection and stay safe from
fraudulent activities in the marketplace. The ultimate goal of
World Consumer Rights Day, observed annually on March 15, is to
ensure consumers have all the necessary information to make an
informed decision. The history of this day is an interesting one.
Consumers International created and organizes World Consumer
Rights Day annually. Consumers International is a global
federation of consumer organizations founded in 1960, and the
organization was founded as an independent and influential voice
for consumers. World Consumer Rights Day has been celebrated since
1983, and the date of March 15 honors the speech made by U.S.
President John Fitzgerald Kennedy to the U.S. Congress on March
15, 1962. In this speech, he coined the four fundamental consumer
rights - the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right
to choose, and the right to be heard. Since then, World Consumer
Rights Day has grown in popularity and is celebrated every year
with a specific theme. One of the most interesting themes,
'Tackling Plastic Pollution,' aimed to raise awareness of
sustainable consumption and practices focusing on the
manufacturing and usage of plastics and their impact on the
environment. Knowing our rights as consumers is crucial because we
can only identify whether we are getting fooled or cheated if we
know our consumer rights. Most importantly, we can raise our
voices and take legal action against any product or service
purchase that goes against our rights. Talk about giving power to
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Today's
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March 15: World Contact Day: -- We
celebrate World Contact Day on March 15 every year. The day brings
all alien life enthusiasts together to attempt to contact
extraterrestrial beings. It is fascinating to see how many
Unidentified Flying Objects (U.F.O.s) humans have reportedly found
on Earth! People claim to see them every minute of the day! But,
it is not just about flying objects. There are strange and
interesting things such as crop circles, unusual signals, and
fossils that show the possibility of life outside earth. So,
whether E.T. managed to phone home or not, World Contact Day is a
fun day to learn all about alien encounters. World Contact Day has
been celebrated for the last 68 years on March 15. It was
initiated by The International Flying Saucer Bureau (I.F.S.B.) in
1952 by Albert K. Bender. Later, the founder revealed a strange
yet interesting story. Apparently, three men in black visited him
at his house, and they communicated with him telepathically. He
felt like he was being transported. Bender also reported having a
second visit from three floating figures in shadows. They told him
they had captured humans from earth to disguise themselves to have
a human form on earth for their visits. In the summer of 1953,
Bender made a series of findings revealing the truth about U.F.O.
stories, which he planned to publish in October of that year.
Later in October, before publishing his discoveries, once again,
he reported a visit by three men in black, who threatened him not
to publish his findings of extraterrestrial life. In November
1953, he shut down the Bureau with a caution note to alien life
enthusiasts. On this day, in 1953, members of the Bureau were
asked to send a peaceful telepathic note to aliens in outer space.
The aliens asked for a friendly, peaceful, and mutual relationship
with humans on earth and asked them to help ignorant people
realize there is extraterrestrial life. In 2013, it was extended
for a whole week, with a final attempt to have a massive
connection on March 22. Even though the I.F.S.B. no longer exists,
E.T. enthusiasts from all over the globe still celebrate World
Contact Day. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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March 15: International Day Against
Police Brutality: -- International Day Against Police Brutality
(I.D.A.P.B.) is a global observance observed every year on March
15 and is a focal day of solidarity against police brutality. The
first observation of the day began in 1997. Police brutality
refers to the wanton use of excessive force by a police officer.
It is one of the most prevalent forms of police misconduct and
violence. Police brutality is widespread in many countries, and
activists have been working tirelessly in demanding reforms in
police conduct. Rallies and awareness programs are also organized
to observe the day. Every year on March 15 since 1997, activists
from around the world call for protests and strict actions against
police brutality. For years, anarchists called for action in
Belarus on this day, but until recently, the date did not attract
much attention. March 15 also marks the anniversary of the harsh
detention of anarchists in a Minsk trolleybus in Belarus.
Activists, anarchists, and the common public strongly condemned
the police's action. The violence of authorities, especially the
police, destroys local communities and creates tension among the
public. International Day Against Police Brutality highlights
human rights violations in imprisonment, beatings, and torture -
something that is all too common in police procedures! Today, many
of us are afraid of the police and try to avoid situations where
we might have to visit the police station. And while violence
against political activists might have reduced to some extent
compared to the 20th century, violence against ordinary people is
increasing, either due to indifference or a lack of solidarity.
But how do we oppose police violence? There are countless ways to
fight against police brutality if people come together and oppose
it. In addition to active self-defense, it is important to attract
people's attention to the problem. People use tools such as
graffiti, leaflets, stickers, and any other medium of visual
agitation. And also, of course, the dissemination of information
about brutality (and the fight against it) on the internet. On
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March 15: International Day To Combat
Islamophobia: -- The U.N. General Assembly established the
International Day To Combat Islamophobia in a resolution passed by
a unanimous majority in 2022, designating March 15 as the day of
the holiday's celebration. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation
was represented by Pakistan in the resolution's introduction. It
is in remembrance of the day in 2019 in Christchurch, New Zealand,
when a shooter opened fire inside two mosques, killing 51 people
and wounding another 40. The resolution was formally introduced by
Pakistan's U.N. representative, Munir Akram. He said that this
resolution acknowledges the widespread rise in intolerance,
prejudice, and violence against members of numerous religious and
other communities, regardless of who is doing it. Islamophobia is
the dislike, terror, or prejudice of Islam or Muslims in general,
especially when perceived as a geopolitical power or the source of
terrorism. The precise definition and scope of the term
'Islamophobia' are under debate. Some scholars see it as a form of
xenophobia or racism. Others consider Islamophobia and racism to
be closely related or partially overlapping, while others still
dispute any relationship between the two because religion is not a
race. Islamophobia is particularly alarming these days because it
has emerged as a new form of racism, demonstrated by xenophobia,
negative profiling, and stereotyping of Muslims. In addition,
Akram observes that the gender aspect of Islamophobia is becoming
more prominent. Women and girls are being targeted because of the
clothing they wear. People hold the general notion that Muslim
women are oppressed and therefore must be liberated. The
designation of a worldwide day, according to Guyana's ambassador
to the U.N. General Assembly, is a crucial step in combating
Islamophobia and its detrimental impacts, which include restricted
access to jobs, housing, and education. Worldwide action will help
fight against the increasing acts of violence against Muslims and
Muslim communities around the globe. The U.N.'s resolution
maintains that terrorism cannot and should not be associated with
any religion, nationality, ethnic group, or civilization. It calls
for more intentional global efforts to drive dialogue on the
promotion of a culture of tolerance and peace worldwide at all
levels. The resolution asks all countries, U.N. bodies, civil
society, private sector and faith-based organizations, as well as
international and regional organizations, to organize and support
different high-visibility events aimed at increasing awareness at
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March 15: World Speech Day: World Speech
Day is an annual celebration of freedom of speech and is marked on
March 15 each year. It is the initiative of Simon Gibson, who
founded the day in 2015 at the Athens Democracy Forum. Public
speaking events are held in over 100 countries, and people from
all walks of life are encouraged to voice their opinions in front
of an audience. Free speech, considered a vital tenet of
democracy, sees a growing threat each year. With World Speech Day,
Gibson aspires to bring forward the unexpected voices of dissent
to center stage. World Speech Day is the celebration of speech and
the power of words. A speech can heal a broken heart, bring a
community together, and mend unforeseen bridges. World Speech Day
aims to honor speeches for being the oldest medium of mass
communication. Simon Gibson, the founder of World Speech Day and
the not-for-profit organization of the same name, understands that
even though not everyone is gifted with the talent of public
speaking, all of us have something important to contribute to
society. A stage can be an intimidating space to voice your
opinions, but that shouldn't be a barrier to communication. A
thought, an idea, and a dream can become a revolution with the
power of speech. On March 15, people are provided with a platform
to voice their opinions. The organization also equips participants
with tools and training manuals for self-development. "Speeches
change the world," says founder Simon Gibson, who established
World Speech Day in 2015. The day is all about reaching out to
unexpected voices everywhere. From middle-school classrooms to
community halls, universities, think tanks, multinational
companies, and democracy forums, the observation has inspired
millions of people to let go of fear and embrace the power of
their voice. Public speaking events are organized in over 100
nations, as people come together to share ideas, promote culture
and build global citizenship. Every World Speech Day has a theme,
with some of the past ones being, "Humanity at a crossroads,"
"Using the simple power of speech to share ideas," and
"Thoughts for a Better World". On Sale @ 15% Off
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March 15: National VO Day (National
Voice-Over Day): -- Focuses on appreciating the talented
voice-over artists in the country. The day also gives a glimpse
into the history of voice-overs, and how the art evolved into the
different forms of media we are exposed to today. The fact is,
without voice-over artists, all the cartoons we watch will be
silent, nor will there be any information provided in
documentaries. And yes, all the movies we watch will be missing
the oomph factor! So on this day, join hands and pay a tribute to
all our talented voice-over artists. Voice acting or voice-overs,
is an art form that took years to master. This is because it is
not easy to convey a message using just your tone of voice. This
is why voice-over artists require years of training before they
can find work that pays well. Here's how the art form came into
being. In the 1900s, work had started on radio-based communication
that could reach out to a large number of people. However, the
first step was taken by Reginald Fessenden, who reported on the
weather while employed by the United States Weather Bureau. In
1906, he made a transmission on Christmas Eve 1906 and opened up a
doorway for radio communication. During this time, the radio was
only used to broadcast ships at sea, messages to the public, and
music. Fessenden changed the game by following up the usual
broadcast with a speech. Another notable instance in the history
of voice-overs was when the Mickey Mouse cartoon used the voice of
Walt Disney. From there on, forms of voice-overs continued to
evolve. In 1926, the British Broadcasting Corporation (B.B.C.) was
formed as a consortium of radio manufacturers. When the B.B.C.
became a non-commercial public broadcaster, it began to inform,
educate, and entertain the public. However, it was Orson Welles
who bought the magic of the art of voice-overs in 1938. Welles
broadcasted the drama "The War of the Worlds" on radio
and narrated it so well that Americans began to believe the world
was actually under attack. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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March 15: Everything You Think Is Wrong
Day: -- A unique and unofficial holiday that aims to make people
realize that they are not always right. Did you know that bad
decisions come from mental fatigue? Yes, however, according to the
creator of this day, you shouldn't make decisions on this day
because nothing goes right today! Everything You Think Is Wrong
Day is an interesting day that is observed on March 15 every year.
This day is a gentle reminder that we are all imperfect and
prompts us to accept these facts and spend time correcting them.
Unfortunately, the history and origin of Everything You Think Is
Wrong Day is unknown. Maybe, the creator of this day was so humble
that they didn't document it and just wanted everyone to focus on
the message that it delivers. However, this day is proof that
making mistakes is not the end, and everything can be fixed.
Everything around us is a complex set of processes interlinked
with each other. We can either take it seriously or accept things,
better ourselves and move on - the choice is ours and this day
proves it. Some might think that this day is for weak people as
accepting mistakes is falsely seen as a sign of weakness, and some
might even think it is scary to admit mistakes. However, in
reality, only those who admit their mistakes and ignorance and
make an attempt to fix things are the ones that are truly strong
and successful. Another interesting fact is that there is a day
called Everything You Do Is Right Day that occurs on the next day
(March 16) of the Everything You Think Is Wrong Day, so there is
nothing to feel wrong or dumb about! The whole point of it is to
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March 15.: True Confessions Day: -- We
all have secrets, whether something big or small. Sometimes the
secrets can make you feel stressed and guilty. If a secret is
compromising your inner peace and causing distress in your
relationships, then you should go ahead and confess it.
Confessions are the simplest way to alleviate guilty. Since
honesty is the best policy, use True Confessions Day to confess
and be honest. Being able to confess is not just a matter of
honesty but also courage. So, suspend all judgment and guilt and
spill your deepest secrets on True Confessions Day. The act of
confession is ancient and might have originated about 3,000 years
ago. Confessing one's secrets can be traced to the "Vedas,"
the oldest Hindu scriptures. It's a common aspect in most world
religions and their sacred texts, including Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam. However, confession is perhaps most commonly associated
with Catholicism, where believers can admit their sins to the
priest and seek absolution. In addition to religion, confession is
also associated with law and criminal prosecution. In fact, the
Catholic Church's Inquisition suggested confession as part of the
legal process in Europe in the Middle Ages. Suspected heretics
were investigated by inquisitors, sometimes using torture to
elicit confessions. Confession can still be important during an
investigation or prosecution, but courts are less likely to rely
on confessions today as they tend to be far less reliable. While
the origins of confession belong to the realms of religion or law,
it also refers to the general confession of secrets and personal
guilt. Thomas and Ruth Roy from Wellcat Holidays created the first
True Confessions Day in 2016. True Confessions Day is a way of
encouraging us who are keeping secrets to confess them. The idea
is that a designated day of confession will help us relax and
alleviate any feelings of guilt. We can relieve ourselves of these
negative emotions rather than hold onto feelings of shame,
anxiety, and fear. True Confessions Day aims to honor confession
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March 15: The Ides Of March: -- A day on
the Roman calendar that corresponds to March 15. It was marked by
several religious observances and was notable for the Romans as a
deadline for settling debts. The word "Ides" is derived
from the Latin word "idus," which refers to the middle
day of any month in the ancient Roman calendar. The Ides are
specifically the fifteenth day of the months of March, May, July,
or October, and the thirteenth day of the remaining months. The
Ides were the designated days for settling debt each month in the
Roman empire and generally included the seven days preceding the
Ides for this purpose. No doubt debtors who could not pay their
debts considered the Ides to be unlucky days as they were
typically thrown into prison or forced into slavery. The Romans
did not number each day of a month from the first to the last day.
Instead, they counted back from three fixed points of the month:
the Nones (the 5th or 7th, 8 days before the Ides), the Ides (the
13th for most months, but the 15th in March, May, July, and
October), and the Kalends (1st of the following month). Originally
the Ides were supposed to be determined by the full moon,
reflecting the lunar origin of the Roman calendar. In the earliest
calendar, the Ides of March would have been the first full moon of
the new year. The Ides of each month were sacred to Jupiter, the
Romans' supreme deity. The Flamen Dialis, Jupiter's high priest,
led the "Ides sheep" (ovis Idulis) in procession along
the Via Sacra to the arx, where it was sacrificed. In addition to
the monthly sacrifice, the Ides of March was also the occasion of
the Feast of Anna Perenna, a goddess of the year (Latin annus)
whose festival originally concluded the ceremonies of the new
year. The day was enthusiastically celebrated among the common
people with picnics, drinking, and revelry. One source from late
antiquity also places the Mamuralia on the Ides of March. This
observance, which has aspects of scapegoat or ancient Greek
pharmakos ritual, involved beating an old man dressed in animal
skins and perhaps driving him from the city. The ritual may have
been a new year festival representing the expulsion of the old
year. In the later Imperial period, the Ides began a "holy
week" of festivals celebrating Cybele and Attis, being the
day Canna intrat ("The Reed enters"), when Attis was
born and found among the reeds of a Phrygian river. He was
discovered by shepherds or the goddess Cybele, who was also known
as the Magna Mater ("Great Mother") (narratives differ).
A week later, on 22 March, the solemn commemoration of Arbor
intrat ("The Tree enters") commemorated the death of
Attis under a pine tree. A college of priests, the dendrophoroi
("tree bearers") annually cut down a tree, hung from it
an image of Attis, and carried it to the temple of the Magna Mater
with lamentations. The day was formalized as part of the official
Roman calendar under Claudius (d. 54 AD). A three-day period of
mourning followed, culminating with celebrating the rebirth of
Attis on 25 March, the date of the vernal equinox on the Julian
calendar. In modern times, the Ides of March is best known as the
date on which Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. On Sale @
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March 15: Brutus Day: -- March 15, 44
B.C: Rome: Ancient Rome: Roman Civil Wars And Revolts: The Roman
Republic: The Crisis Of The Roman Republic: Civil Wars Of The
Roman Republic: The Assassination Of Julius Caesar: -- #DOTD:
#RIP: Julius Caesar, Roman populist dictator, politician and
military general who played a critical role in the events that led
to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman
Empire (b. July 13, 100 BC) #dies when he is assassinated in the
Senate chamber in Rome by Brutus and fellow conspirators on the
Ides Of March. After first trying to defend himself against the
murderous onslaught, Caesar saw Brutus with a knife and asked "Et
tu, Brute?" (You too, Brutus?) Caesar then gave up the
struggle and was stabbed to death. The Ides Of March, a day on the
Roman calendar that corresponds to March 15, was marked by several
religious observances and was notable for the Romans as a deadline
for settling debts. In 44 BC, it became notorious as the date of
the assassination of Julius Caesar. The death of Caesar made the
Ides Of March a turning point in Roman history, as one of the
events that marked the transition from the historical period known
as the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. Although March
(Martius) was the third month of the Julian calendar, in the
oldest Roman calendar it was the first month of the year. Julius
Caesar, Roman populist dictator, politician and military general
who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of
the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire (July 12, 100
BC - March 15, 44 BC) was born Gaius Julius Caesar into a
patrician family, the Gens Julia, in Suburra, Rome. Known by his
cognomen Julius Caesar, he is also highly regarded as an author of
Latin prose. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus and Pompey formed a
political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several
years. Their attempts to amass power as Populares - a political
party which favored the cause of the plebians (commoners) - were
opposed by the Optimates - a political party with favored the
cause of the patricians (aristocrats) - within the Roman Senate,
opposition with almost always included Cato The Younger and
frequently included Cicero. Caesar rose to become one of the most
powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a number of his
accomplishments, notably his victories in the Gallic Wars,
completed by 51 BC. During this time, Caesar became the first
Roman general to cross both the Channel and the Rhine, when he
built a bridge across the Rhine and crossed the Channel to invade
Britain. Caesar's wars extended Rome's territory to the English
Channel and the Rhine. These achievements granted him unmatched
military power and threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey,
who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of
Crassus in 53 BC. With the Gallic Wars concluded, the Senate
ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return
to Rome. Leaving his command in Gaul meant losing his immunity
from being charged as a criminal for waging unsanctioned wars. As
a result, Caesar found himself with no other options but to cross
the Rubicon with the 13th Legion, leaving his province and
illegally entering Roman Italy under arms. Civil war resulted, and
Caesar's victory in the war put him in an unrivalled position of
power and influence. After assuming control of government, Caesar
began a programme of social and governmental reforms, including
the creation of the Julian calendar. He gave citizenship to many
residents of far regions of the Roman Empire. He initiated land
reform and support for veterans. Attempts in January 44 BC to call
Caesar "Rex" (Latin: "King") - a title
associated with arbitrary oppression against citizens - were shut
down by two tribunes before a supportive crowd. Caesar, claiming
that the two tribunes infringed on his honour by doing so, had
them deposed from office and ejected from the Senate. This
incident undermined Caesar's original arguments for pursuing the
civil war (protecting the tribunes) and angered the public, who
revered the tribunes as protectors of their freedom. The popular
turn against Caesar resulted in the two deposed tribunes being
written-in on ballots at Caesar's advance consular elections in
place of Caesar's candidates. Shortly before February 15, 44 BC,
Caesar was proclaimed "dictator in perpetuity" and
centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic. This put an end to
any hopes that his powers would be merely temporary, and clearly
showed to all contemporaries that Caesar had no intention to
restore a free republic, and that no free republic could be
restored so long as he was in power. Just days after his
assumption of the life dictatorship, he publicly rejected a diadem
from Antony at celebrations for the Lupercalia; he may have made a
show of rejecting the diadem only because the crowd appeard to be
insufficiently supportive of his accepting it; he could have done
it as a public demonstration that he did not intend to be a
monarch; or alternatively, Antony could simply have put the diadem
on Caesar's head on his own initiative. By this point, however,
rumour was rife that Caesar - already wearing the dress of a
monarch - sought a formal crown, and this episode did little to
dismiss this belief. All this, along with Caesar's assumption of
dictatorial power and his populist and authoritarian reforms,
angered the elites to the point that they began to conspire
against him. Accordingly, the plan to assassinate Caesar had
started by the summer of 45 BC. An attempt to recruit Antony was
made around that time, though he declined and gave Caesar no
warning. By late autumn 45 BC, graffiti and some public comments
at Rome were condemning Caesar as a tyrant and insinuating the
need for a Brutus to remove the dictator, reflecting a genuine
turn in public opinion against Caesar. Popular indignation at
Caesar was likely rooted in his debt policies (too friendly to
lenders), use of lethal force to suppress protests for debt
relief, his reduction in the grain dole, his abolition of the
collegia restored by Clodius, his abolition of the poorest panel
of jurors in the permanent courts, and his abolition of open
elections which deprived the people of their ancient right of
decision. While some news of the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar
did leak, Caesar refused to take precautions, and rejected escort
by a bodyguard. The date decided upon by the conspirators was
March 15, 44 BC -- The Ides Of March, a date notable for Romans as
a traditional deadline date for settling debts. On that date,
Julius Caesar died aged 55 when he was assassinated in the Senate
chamber in Rome by a group of rebellious senators led by Gaius
Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus and Decimus Junius Brutus.
After first trying to defend himself against the murderous
onslaught, Caesar saw Brutus with a knife and asked "Et tu,
Brute?" (You too, Brutus?) Caesar then gave up the struggle
and was stabbed to death; it was rumored that Brutus was in fact
Caesar's son, and it is possible that the realization that Brutus
of all people was trying to kill him may have taken from Caesar
his will to live. The assassins seized the Capitoline hill after
killing the dictator. They then summoned a public meeting in the
Forum where they were coldly received by the population. They were
also unable to fully secure the city, as Lepidus - Caesar's
lieutenant in the dictatorship - moved troops from the Tiber
Island into the city proper. Antony, the consul who escaped the
assassination, urged an illogical compromise position in the
Senate: Caesar was not declared a tyrant and the conspirators were
not punished. Caesar's funeral was then approved. At the funeral,
Antony inflamed the public against the assassins, which triggered
mob violence that lasted for some months before the assassins were
forced to flee the capital and Antony then finally acted to
suppress it by force. Caesar's ashes were buried at the site of
his cremation at the southeastern quarter of the Roman ForumOn the
site of his cremation, The Temple Of Caesar (The Temple Of Divus
Iulius, The Temple Of The Deified Julius Caesar, The Temple Of The
Comet Star) erected on top the site by the triumvirs in 42 BC at
the east side of the main square of the Roman Forum; it was
inaugurated on August 18, 29 BC. Today only the ruins of its altar
now remain, a site of pilgrimage for visitors from across Italy
and the world where flowers, notes and other items are still left
on a daily basis, and where special commemorations take place on
March 15 to commemorate Caesar's death; the alter is treated as
though it were the grave of Julius Caesar. That July, a seven-day
cometary outburst known as Caesar's Comet (Sidus Iulium ["Julian
Star"], Caesaris Astrum ["Star Of Caesar"], The
Great Comet Of 44 BC) was seen in Rome, with a magnitude -4in the
morning sky as impressive as Venus -- possibly the brightest
daylight comet in recorded history -- a phenomenon which was
interpreted by Romans as a sign of the deification of Julius
Caesar. The death of Caesar marked a primary turning point in
Roman history as the transition from the historical period known
as the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. In the aftermath of his
death, a new series of civil wars broke out and the constitutional
government of the Republic was never fully restored. Caesar's
adopted heir Octavian, later known as Augustus, rose to sole power
after defeating his opponents in the civil war. Octavian set about
solidifying his power and the era of the Roman Empire began. Much
of Caesar's life is known from his own accounts of his military
campaigns and from other contemporary sources, mainly the letters
and speeches of Cicero and the historical writings of Sallust. The
later biographies of Caesar by Suetonius and Plutarch are also
major sources. Caesar is considered by many historians to be one
of the greatest military commanders in history. #JuliusCaesar
#AssassinationOfJuliusCaesar #IdesOfMarch #AncientRome
#WesternCulture #WesternCivilization #OccidentalCulture
#WesternWorld #WesternSociety #WesternTradition
#StoryOfCivilization #Rome #RomanHistory #RomanRepublic
#RomanEmpire #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Perspectives On Christopher Columbus DVD, Video Download, USB
Drive
March 15, 1493: The Age Of Discovery (The
Age Of Exploration): The Voyages Of Christopher Columbus: The
First Voyage Of Christopher Columbus: -- Following Christopher
Columbus's March 4, 1493 arrival in Lisbon, Portugal at the
conclusion of his first trip to the Americas to what is now known
as the Bahamas and other islands in the Caribbean, Christopher
Columbus returns to Spain, entering the harbor of Palos de la
Frontera. Word of his finding new lands rapidly spread throughout
Europe. On August 3, 1492, the First Voyage Of Christopher
Columbus began as Christopher Columbus set sail in the evening
from Palos de la Frontera, Spain, with three ships. The largest
ship was a carrack (Spanish: nao), the Santa Maria (formerly known
as the Gallega (Spanish: "Galician")). The other two
ships were smaller caravels. The name of one is lost: it is known
today only by the nickname Pinta, which in Castilian of the time
meant "painted one". The Santa Clara was nicknamed
affectionately the Nina ("the little one"), a pun on the
name of her owner, Juan Nino of Moguer. The monarchs forced the
citizens of Palos to contribute to the expedition. The Santa Maria
was owned by Juan de la Cosa and captained by Columbus. The Pinta
and the Nina were piloted by the Pinzon brothers (Martin Alonso
and Vicente Yanez). Thus Columbus embarked on the first of his
four great voyages of discovery. The purpose of this voyage was to
find a westerly route to the Far East; he instead landed on
October 12th in the Bahamas, thinking it was an outlying Japanese
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Breaking
The Code 1996 Alan Turing Derek Jacobi MP4 Video Download DVD
March 15, 1554: #DOTD: #RIP: Margaretha
von Waldeck, noble beauty of the House of Waldeck, likely
inspiration for the fairy tale character of "Snow White"
(b. 1533) #dies at the age of 21 in Brussels, Habsburg
Netherlands. It is believed she is buried under what is now The
Place De La Bourse, Brussels. Margaretha von Waldeck was born in
the Holy Roman Empire (modern Germany). Three surviving letters
from Margaretha to her father, Philip IV, Count of
Waldeck-Wildungen, a state of the Holy Roman Empire, show that her
health declined steadily in the final few years of her life. In
the Waldeck Chronicles, it is suggested that she had been
poisoned. In 1545 Margaretha traveled through the Siebengebirge
("seven hills") to live with her mother's brother Johann
Cirksena (1506-1572) at Valkenburg Castle, in present-day Limburg,
Netherlands. In 1549, her father sent her on to the Brussels court
of Mary of Hungary, governor of the Habsburg Netherlands and
sister of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Margaretha's presence at
the court was partially meant to improve the relationship of her
father with the emperor and help the release of Philip I,
Landgrave of Hesse, who had been imprisoned in Brussels for his
role in the Schmalkaldic War. The situation at the court was
complicated as several high ranking personalities were striving
for Margaretha, including Lamoral, Count of Egmont. Charles V's
son, Crown Prince Philip, arrived at his aunt's court in 1549.
Tradition has it that he pursued Margaretha during the few months
he was there, though there never could be any official
relationship, as she was Lutheran. It is Eckhard Sander, in his
book Schneewittchen: Marchen oder Wahrheit? (Snow White: Is It a
Fairy Tale?), who alleges that Margaretha's life was inspiration
for the tale of Snow White. Since, however, her father's second
wife died in 1546 and he only remarried again in October 1554, her
stepmother was not a suspect in the alleged poisoning case.
Margaretha's father owned several copper mines; a majority of
workers were children. According to Sander, the seven dwarfs were
inspired by child labor in the copper mining village Bergfreiheit,
now a district of Bad Wildungen that calls itself
Schneewittchendorf (Snow White village). Like the fairy tale's
dwarfs, the child laborers there used to live in groups of about
20 in a single room house. Sander's theory also worked in the
history of Margarethe's brother's children, as well as folktales
from the surrounding area - he suggested that the wicked mother
figure was taken from the life of Margarethe's niece, and the
magnificent wedding from the life of her nephew. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Portraits
Of American Presidents Nos. 1-42 TV Series MP4 Download DVD
March 15, 1767: #BOTD: Andrew Jackson,
American general, judge, statesman and politician, 7th President
of the United States from 1829 to 1837 (d. June 8, 1845) is #born
in a log cabin in Waxhaw, South Carolina. Jackson gained fame as a
general in the United States Army and served in both houses of
Congress. As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of
the "common man" against a "corrupt aristocracy"
and to preserve the Union. Born to a Scotch-Irish family in the
decade before the American Revolutionary War, as a boy he
volunteered to serve in the American Revolution. Captured by the
British, he refused an order to clean an officer's boots and was
slashed by his sword. Jackson later became a frontier lawyer and
married Rachel Donelson Robards. He served briefly in the U.S.
House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate representing
Tennessee. After resigning, he served as a justice on the
Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804. Jackson purchased a
property later known as the Hermitage, and became a wealthy,
slaveowning planter. In 1801, he was appointed colonel of the
Tennessee militia and was elected its commander the following
year. He led troops during the Creek War of 1813-1814, winning the
Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson
required the Creek indians surrender of vast lands in present-day
Alabama and Georgia. In the concurrent war ongoing against the
British, Jackson's victory in 1815 at the Battle Of New Orleans
made him a national hero. Jackson then led U.S. forces in the
First Seminole War, which caused the annexation of Florida from
Spain. Jackson briefly served as Florida's first territorial
governor before returning to the Senate. He ran for president in
1824, winning a plurality of the popular and electoral vote. As no
candidate won an electoral majority, the House of Representatives
elected John Quincy Adams in a contingent election. In reaction to
the alleged "corrupt bargain" between Adams and Henry
Clay and the ambitious agenda of President Adams, Jackson's
supporters founded the Democratic Party. Jackson ran again in
1828, defeating Adams in a landslide. Jackson faced the threat of
secession by South Carolina over what opponents called the "Tariff
of Abominations." The crisis was defused when the tariff was
amended, and Jackson threatened the use of military force if South
Carolina attempted to secede. In Congress, Henry Clay led the
effort to reauthorize the Second Bank of the United States.
Jackson, regarding the Bank as a corrupt institution, vetoed the
renewal of its charter. After a lengthy struggle, Jackson and his
allies thoroughly dismantled the Bank. In 1835, Jackson became the
only president to completely pay off the national debt, fulfilling
a longtime goal. His presidency marked the beginning of the
ascendancy of the party "spoils system" in American
politics, a practice in which a political party, after winning an
election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters,
friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory. In
1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which forcibly
relocated most members of the Native American tribes in the South
to Indian Territory. The relocation process dispossessed the
Indians and resulted in widespread death and disease. Jackson
opposed the abolitionist movement, which grew stronger in his
second term. In foreign affairs, Jackson's administration
concluded a "most favored nation" treaty with Great
Britain, settled claims of damages against France from the
Napoleonic Wars, and recognized the Republic of Texas. In January
1835, he survived the first assassination attempt on a president.
In his retirement, Jackson remained active in Democratic Party
politics, supporting the presidencies of Martin Van Buren and
James K. Polk. Though fearful of its effects on the slavery
debate, Jackson advocated the annexation of Texas, which was
accomplished shortly before his death. Jackson was widely revered
in the United States as an advocate for democracy and the common
man, but his reputation has declined since the civil rights
movement, largely due to his role in Indian removal and support
for slavery. Andrew Jackson died of dropsy, tuberculosis and heart
failure at The Hermitage, his home in Nashville, Tennessee, aged
78. He was surrounded by family and friends at his deathbed, and
his last words were, "Oh, do not cry. Be good children and we
will all meet in Heaven." He is buried in the same tomb as
his wife Rachel at The Hermitage. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Meet
George Washington: The Man Behind Myth DVD, Download, USB Drive
March 15, 1783: The Age Of Enlightenment
(The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of Revolution: The
Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment: The American
Revolution: The American Revolutionary War: The Aftermath Of The
American Revolution: The Newburgh Conspiracy: -- In an emotional
speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers
not to support a planned military coup by the Continental Army in
March 1783, when the American Revolutionary War was at its end.
The conspiracy may have been instigated by members in the Congress
of the Confederation, the governing body of the United States of
America at that time, who circulated an anonymous letter in the
army camp at Newburgh, New York on March 10, 1783. Soldiers were
unhappy that they had not been paid for some time and unfunded
pensions that had been promised. The letter suggested that they
should take unspecified action against Congress to resolve the
issue. The letter was written by Major John Armstrong Jr.,
delegate to the Continental Congress and aide to General Horatio
Gates, although the authorship of its text and underlying ideas is
a subject of historical debate. Commander-in-Chief George
Washington stopped any serious talk of rebellion when he
successfully appealed on March 15 in an emotional address to his
officers asking them to support the supremacy of Congress. Not
long afterward, Congress approved a compromise agreement it had
previously rejected: it funded some of the pay arrears, and
granted soldiers five years of full pay instead of a lifetime
pension of half pay. The motivations of numerous actors in these
events are the subject of debate. Some historians allege that
serious consideration was given within the army to some sort of
coup, while others dispute the notion. The exact motivations of
congressmen involved in communications with army officers
implicated in the events are similarly debated. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Road
To War: Years Between WWI & WWII TV Series DVD, Download, USB
March 15, 1856: #BOTD: #HBD! Hara
Takashi, Japanese politician who served as the Prime Minister of
Japan from 1918 until his death, the first commoner and first
Christian appointed to be Prime Minister of Japan, informally
known as Hara Kei, and given the moniker of "commoner prime
minister" (Japanese: Heimin Saisho) (d. November 4, 1921) is
#born Takashi Hara in Motomiya, a village near Morioka, Mutsu
Province, Japan into a samurai family in service of the Nanbu
Domain, a Tozama daimyo (Japanese: outside daimyo) feudal domain
of Edo period Japan, ruled throughout its history by the Nanbu
clan located in northern Mutsu Province, Honshu. Hara's family had
resisted the Meiji Restoration in 1868 and fought against the
establishment of the very government which Hara himself would one
day lead. Hara was an outsider in Japanese politics due to his
association with a former enemy clan of the new Imperial
Government, which at the time was dominated by the former clans of
Choshu and Satsuma domains. Hara held several minor ambassadorial
roles before rising through the ranks of the political party
Rikken Seiyukai (Japanese: Association Of Friends Of
Constitutional Government) and being elected to the House of
Representatives. Hara served as Home Minister in several cabinets
under Saionji Kinmochi and Yamamoto Gonnohyoe between 1906 and
1913. Hara was appointed Prime Minister following the Rice Riots
of 1918 and positioned himself as a moderate, participating in the
Paris Peace Conference, founding the League Of Nations, and
relaxing oppressive policies in Japanese Korea. Hara's premiership
oversaw the Siberian intervention, and the March 1st Movement,
also known as the Sam-Il ((Japanese: 3-1) Movement, a protest
movement by Korean people and students calling for independence
from Japan and protesting forced assimilation into the Japanese
way of life. For this political progressiveness and liberalism,
Hara was assassinated by stabbing by Nakaoka Kon'ichi, a
right-wing railroad switchman, at Tokyo Station in Chiyoda, Tokyo
while catching a train to Kyoto for a conference of the Rikken
Seiyukai political party to which Hara belonged. Hara was replaced
by Uchida Kosai as acting Prime Minister until Uchida was replaced
a week later by Takahashi Korekiyo. Nakaoka's motives for
assassinating Hara were his beliefs that Hara was corrupt,
involving the zaibatsu in Japanese politics, going to pass
universal suffrage, and his handling of the Nikolayevsk incident
during the Siberian intervention a year earlier. Nakaoka was also
influenced by his boss, who was a vocal opponent of Hara. Nakaoka
was initially sentenced to death before being re-sentenced to life
imprisonment, but was released only 13 years after committing the
murder. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Kellogg Brothers Corn Flake Kings Biography MP4 Video Download DVD
March 15, 1887: #BOTD: #HBD! Marjorie Merriweather Post, American businesswoman, socialite, and philanthropist, founder of General Foods, original owner of Mar-a-Lago in Palm Beach, Florida (d. September 12, 1973) is #born in Springfield, Illinois, the daughter and only child of C. W. Post and the former Ella Letitia Merriweather. At age 27, following her father's death in 1914, she became the owner of the rapidly growing Postum Cereal Company, founded in 1895. She was subsequently the wealthiest woman in the United States, inheriting 20M USD (equivalent to 526M USD in 2020). She was a director of the company until 1958, and along with her second husband E.F. Hutton, began expanding the business and acquiring other American food companies such as Hellmann's Mayonnaise, Jell-O, Baker's Chocolate, Maxwell House, and many more. In 1929, Postum Cereal Company was renamed General Foods Corporation. While taking a voyage on her yacht, the Hussar, she came across the innovations of Clarence Birdseye in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Birdseye had developed a new way to preserve food by freezing it. Post foresaw the future advantages of frozen food, and bought Birdseye's company, which eventually became a success. Post used much of her fortune to collect art, particularly Imperial-era Russian art, much of which is now on display at Hillwood, the museum which was her estate in Washington, D.C. She is also known for her mansion, Mar-a-Lago, in Palm Beach, Florida. Marjorie Merriweather Post died at her Hillwood estate in Washington, D.C. after a long illness, and was buried there. She left the bulk of her estate to her three daughters, Adelaide Close, Eleanor Post Close and Nedenia Hutton. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/kebrcoflkibi.html |
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Olsen and
Johnson's Fireball Fun-For-All TV Series DVD, MP4 USB Drive
March 15, 1891: #BOTD: #HBD! Chic
Johnson, half of the comedy team of Olsen and Johnson, American
comedians of vaudeville, radio, the Broadway stage, motion
pictures and television (d. February 28, 1962) is #born Harold
Ogden Johnson in Chicago, Illinois. Chic Johnson was known for his
strangely infectious, high-pitched "Woo-Woo" laugh.
Johnson was born of Swedish descent in Chicago to John M. and
Matilda C. (maiden name Carlson) Johnson. Johnson studied
classical piano at the Chicago Musical College. He dropped out to
support himself as a ragtime pianist in various Chicago-area
cabarets and vaudeville houses. He broke into show business as a
ragtime pianist and met his partner Ole Olsen, a violinist, when
they were hired by the same band. Following the breakup of the
band, they started doing comedy and by 1918 were vaudeville
headliners. Olsen and Johnson were given contracts by Warner Bros.
in 1930 to appear as the comic relief in a number of musicals
including Oh, Sailor Behave (1930), Gold Dust Gertie (1931) and a
lavish Technicolor version of Fifty Million Frenchmen (1931).
Unfortunately, 1931 saw a backlash against musicals, and their
last two pictures for Warner were released without music. In 1936,
they starred in Country Gentlemen for Republic Pictures, followed
by All Over Town in 1937. Released from their contract, the team
returned to the stage. In 1938 Olsen and Johnson produced the
Broadway revue Streets of Paris, which starred Bobby Clark and
introduced the comedy team of Bud Abbott and Lou Costello to
Broadway audiences. Their greatest triumph was as the stars and
producers of Hellzapoppin, a zany Broadway revue, which opened at
the 46th Street Theater on September 22, 1938, and ran for a
record 1,404 performances. Full of outrageous gags played on
stooges planted in the audience (one winner of a so-called raffle
had a block of ice placed in his lap) as well as indignities
inflicted on actual paying customers, it became a smash hit
despite a lukewarm critical reception, thanks in part to the
influence of newspaper columnist and radio personality Walter
Winchell. Hellzapoppin was followed by two other Broadway hits.
Sons o' Fun opened December 1, 1941, just six days before the
attack on Pearl Harbor, and ran an impressive 742 performances.
Laffing Room Only opened on December 23, 1944 and ran a
respectable 232. Hellzapoppin was translated into a film released
in 1941. Assisted by Marx Brothers screenwriter Nat Perrin, Olsen
and Johnson used the film as an opportunity to satirize Hollywood
as well as score some impressive riffs off filmmaking convention.
The picture, a movie within a movie within a play within a movie,
foreshadowed a style of comedy that would later find its way into
the films of Mel Brooks, Who Framed Roger Rabbit and TV's Mystery
Science Theater 3000. The film is also known for having what many
consider to be the finest example of swing dancing ever put on
film, performed by Whitey's Lindy Hoppers (here billed as the
Harlem Congeroo Dancers) with Frankie Manning. Olsen and Johnson's
Hollywood career was very much a hit-and-miss affair.
Hellzapoppin', following their string of earlier failures, was
then followed in turn by Crazy House, which was then followed by
the slick Ghost Catchers, with most of the wildness confined to
the comics' nightclub scenes. After their final starring movie,
See My Lawyer, was released in 1945, the team tried but failed to
make its mark on television with Fireball Fun-For-All, a summer
replacement for Texaco Star Theater starring Milton Berle. They
attempted to make a comeback with one last Broadway revue, Pardon
Our French, but the show failed to catch fire and they entered
semi-retirement. With the advent of Las Vegas as a gambling and
entertainment mecca, the team was able to find steady work until
Johnson became too ill to perform. Chic Johnson died of kidney
failure on February 26, 1962 in Las Vegas. He was buried on March
1, 1962 and eventually joined in an adjacent plot by Ole Olsen in
Palm Desert Memorial cemetery in Las Vegas. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: War Props:
The Supermarine Spitfire Documentary DVD, Download, USB
March 15, 1906: Foundings: Business
Foundings -- Rolls-Royce Limited is founded, a British luxury car
and later an aero-engine manufacturing business established in
1904 in Manchester by the partnership of Charles Rolls and Henry
Royce. Building on Royce's good reputation established with his
cranes, they quickly developed a reputation for superior
engineering by manufacturing the "best car in the world".
The business was incorporated as Rolls-Royce Limited in 1906, and
a new factory in Derby was opened in 1908. The First World War
brought the company into manufacturing aero-engines. Joint
development of jet engines began in 1940, and they entered
production. Rolls-Royce has built an enduring reputation for
development and manufacture of engines for defence and civil
aircraft. In the late 1960s, Rolls-Royce was adversely affected by
the mismanaged development of its advanced RB211 jet engine and
consequent cost over-runs, though it ultimately proved a great
success. In 1971, the owners were obliged to liquidate their
business. The useful portions were bought by a new
government-owned company named Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited, which
continued the core business but sold the holdings in British
Aircraft Corporation (BAC) almost immediately and transferred
ownership of the profitable but now financially insignificant car
division to Rolls-Royce Motors Holdings Limited, which it sold to
Vickers in 1980. Rolls-Royce obtained consent to drop the '1971'
distinction from its company name in 1977, at which point it
became known once again as Rolls-Royce Limited. The Rolls-Royce
business remained nationalised until 1987 when, after having
re-named the company to Rolls-Royce plc, the British government
sold it to the public in a share offering. Rolls-Royce plc still
owns and operates Rolls-Royce's principal business, although,
since 2003, it is technically a subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings
plc, a listed holding company. A marketing survey in 1987 showed
that only Coca-Cola was a more widely known brand than
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Great
War (1964) TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB
March 15, 1917: The Aftermath Of World
War I: The Revolutions Of 1917-1923: The Interwar Period (The
Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Russian Revolution: The
February Revolution (The February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution,
The March Revolution): Royal Abidications: The Abdication Of Tsar
Nicholas II Of Russia: -- The 304-year Romanov dynasty rule over
The Russian Empire ends as Tsar Nicholas II Of Russia abdicates
the Russian throne, bringing to an end The February Revolution,
the first of the two revolutions which shook Russia in 1917;
although he named his brother, Grand Duke Michael, as the next
Emperor of all the Russias, this order was suppressed by the
Provisional Government. Nevertheless, Grand Duke Michael declined
to accept the throne until the people were allowed to vote through
a Constituent Assembly for the continuance of the monarchy or a
republic, and so the abdication of Nicholas II and the subsequent
Bolshevik revolution brought three centuries of the Romanov
dynasty's rule to an end. The fall of autocratic Tsardom brought
joy to Liberals and Socialists in Britain and France. The United
States of America was the first foreign government to recognise
the Provisional government. In Russia, the announcement of the
Tsar's abdication was greeted with many emotions. These included
delight, relief, fear, anger and confusion. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Bukharin
And The Terror DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
March 15, 1938: The Interwar Period (The
Aftermath Of World War I, The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The
History Of The Soviet Union: Mass Repression In The Soviet Union:
Purges Of The Communist Party Of The Soviet Union: Stalinism: The
Great Purge (The Great Terror [Russian: Bol'shoy Terror, "The
Big Terror"], The Year Of '37, The Yezhovshina [Russian: "The
Period Of Yezhov" {Nikolai Yezhov}]): The Execution Of
Nikolai Bukharin: -- #DOTD: #RIP: Nikolai Bukharin, Russian
journalist, Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician and
prolific author on revolutionary theory (b.October 9, 1888) #dies
aged 49 when he is executed on the Ides Of March by gunshot at the
Kommunarka Shooting Ground, the name given to the former dacha of
NKVD chief Genrikh Yagoda as a euphemism for the mysterious.
closely-guarded plots of land there that the NKVD used for mass
burials during the Great Terror. He is buried at the Kommunarka
Mass Execution Site in Kommunarka, Moscow Oblast, Russia. The
announcement of Bukharin's death was overshadowed by the Nazi
Anschluss of Austria. When Stalin died, Bukharin's last message to
Stalin was found in in Stalin's desk: "Koba, why do you need
me to die?", written just before Bukharin's execution. "Koba"
was Stalin's nom de guerre, and Bukharin's use of it was a sign of
how close the two had once been. Nikolai Bukharin was born Nikolai
Ivanovich Bukharin in Moscow, Russian Empire. As a young man, he
spent six years in exile, working closely with fellow exiles
Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky. After the revolution of February
1917, he returned to Moscow, where his Bolshevik credentials
earned him a high rank in the party, and after the October
Revolution, he became editor of the party newspaper Pravda. Within
the Bolshevik Party, Bukharin was initially a Left Communist, but
his gradual move from the left to the right from 1921, as a strong
supporter and defender of the New Economic Policy (NEP),
eventually saw him lead the Right Opposition. By late 1924, this
had positioned Bukharin favourably as Joseph Stalin's chief ally,
with Bukharin soon elaborating Stalin's new theory and policy of
Socialism in One Country. Together, Bukharin and Stalin ousted
Leon Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev from the party at
the XVth Communist Party Congress in December 1927. From 1926 to
1929, Bukharin enjoyed great power as General Secretary of
Comintern's executive committee, but Stalins decision to proceed
with collectivisation drove the two men apart, and Bukharin was
expelled from the Politburo in 1929. When the Great Purge began in
1936, Stalin looked for any pretext to liquidate his former allies
and rivals for power, and some of Bukharin's letters,
conversations and tapped phone calls indicated disloyalty.
Arrested in February 1937, he was charged with conspiring to
overthrow the Soviet state and executed in March 1938, after a
show trial that alienated many Western communist sympathisers. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Mein
Kampf: A Blueprint For The Age Of Chaos 1960 DVD, MP4, USB Drive
March 15, 1933: The Aftermath Of World
War I: The Interwar Period (The Interbellum, Between The Wars):
Democratic Backsliding In The Interwar Period: Austria: The
Political History Of Austria: The First Austrian Republic (The
Republic of Austria): Austrofascism: The Federal State Of Austria
(Austrian German: Bundesstaat Osterreich; Standestaat [Austrian
German: The Corporate State]): -- Austrian Chancellor Engelbert
Dollfuss prevents the convening of the National Council, the lower
house of the Austrian parliament, beginning the Austrofascist
one-party state led by the clerico-fascist Fatherland Front of The
Federal State Of Austria (Bundesstaat Osterreich). Colloquially
known as the Standestaat (Corporate State), it was a continuation
of the First Austrian Republic which lasted until 1938. The
Standestaat concept, derived from the notion of Stande ("estates"
or "corporations"), was advocated by the regime's
leading politicians such as Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt
Schuschnigg, and resulted in an authoritarian government based on
a mix of Italian Fascist and conservative Catholic influences. It
ended in March 1938 with the Anschluss (the German annexation of
Austria). Austria would not become an independent country again
until 1955, when the Austrian State Treaty ended the Allied
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: US Fleet
Submarines Of The Pacific War MP4 Video Download DVD
March 15, 1943: Naval History: The
History Of The United States Navy: The New United States Navy (The
New Navy, The United States Navy 1885-Present): Keel Layings:
Submarines (Subs): The USS Pampanito (SS-383/AGSS-383): -- The USS
Pampanito, a Balao-class submarine who completed six war patrols
from 1944 to 1945 and served as a United States Naval Reserve
training ship from 1960 to 1971, now a National Historic Landmark,
preserved as a memorial and museum ship in the San Francisco
Maritime National Park Association located at Fisherman's Wharf in
San Francisco, California, the third United States Navy ship named
for the pompano fish, has its keel laid down at the Portsmouth
Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine. The USS Pampanito was launched on
July 12, 1943 sponsored by Mrs. Violet Wolfenden of Waltham,
Massachusetts, wife of William Sellers Park Sr., and she was
commissioned on November 6, 1943. The United States Navy's
Balao-class submarines were the greatest long-range submarines of
World War II. They were named for the balao, a small schooling
marine fish, and with 120 boats completed, the Balao class is the
largest class of submarines in the United States Navy. An
improvement on the earlier Gato class, the boats had slight
internal differences. The most significant improvement was the use
of thicker, higher yield strength steel in the pressure hull skins
and frames, which increased their test depth to 400 feet (120 m);
Balao Class submraine USS Tang actually achieved a depth of 612 ft
(187 m) during a test dive, and exceeded that test depth when
taking on water in the forward torpedo room while evading a
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Rock amp;
Roll An Unruly History 10 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
March 15, 1943: #BOTD: #HBD! Sly Stone,
African American singer, songwriter, keyboardist, guitarist,
bassist, harmonica player and record producer, frontman of Sly and
the Family Stone, playing a critical role in the development of
psychedelic soul and funk with his pioneering fusion of soul,
rock, psychedelia, and gospel in the 1960s and 1970s (d. June 9,
2025) is #born Sylvester Stewart in Denton, Texas. AllMusic has
stated that "James Brown may have invented funk, but Sly
Stone perfected it," and credited him with "creating a
series of euphoric yet politically charged records that proved a
massive influence on artists of all musical and cultural
backgrounds". Crawdaddy!, the first national US magazine of
rock music criticism, has credited him as the founder of the
"progressive soul" movement. Stone mastered several
instruments at an early age and performed gospel music as a child
with his siblings (and future bandmates) Freddie and Rose. In the
mid-1960s, he worked as both a record producer for Autumn Records
and a disc jockey for San Francisco radio station KDIA. In 1966,
Stone and his brother Freddie joined their bands together to form
Sly and the Family Stone, a racially integrated, mixed-gender act.
The group would score hits including "Dance to the Music"
(1968), "Everyday People" (1968), "Thank You
(Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" (1969), "I Want to Take
You Higher" (1969), "Family Affair" (1971), and "If
You Want Me to Stay" (1973) and acclaimed albums including
Stand! (1969), There's a Riot Goin' On (1971), and Fresh (1973).
By the mid-1970s, Stone's drug use and erratic behavior
effectively ended the group, leaving him to record several
unsuccessful solo albums. He toured or collaborated with artists
such as Parliament-Funkadelic, Bobby Womack, and Jesse Johnson. In
1993, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a
member of the group. He took part in a Sly and the Family Stone
tribute at the 2006 Grammy Awards, his first live performance
since 1987. In 2017, Stone was awarded the Grammy Lifetime
Achievement Award. Stone was selected for induction into the
National Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame in September 2025. Stone
released his autobiography, Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf
Agin), in 2023. Stone died at his home in Granada Hills, Los
Angeles, at the age of 82. His family said in a statement provided
to Rolling Stone that Stone had died "after a prolonged
battle with COPD and other underlying health issues, Sly passed
away peacefully, surrounded by his three children, his closest
friend, and his extended family. "His remains were cremated;
the final disposition of his ashes are not publicly disclosed.
#SlyStone #AfricanAmericans #BlackPeople #Singers #Songwriters
#Keyboardists #Guitarists #Bassists #HarmonicaPlayers #Geniuses
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: LBJ 1991
TV Documentary Series Lyndon Johnson DVD Download USB Drive
March 15, 1965: The American Civil Rights
Movement: Anti-Black Racism In The United States: Segregation:
Racial Segregation: Black Suffrage (Black Political Franchise,
Black Franchise, Black Right To Vote, Black Active Suffrage):
Civil Rights Protests: Civil Rights Protests In The United States:
The Selma Voting Rights Campaign: The Selma To Montgomery Marches:
The Voting Rights Act Of 1965: -- President Lyndon B. Johnson,
responding to the Selma crisis, appropriates a phrase from the
Civil Rights Movement when tells U.S. Congress "We shall
overcome" while advocating The Voting Rights Act of 1965;
when Martin Luther King, Jr. heard Johnson use this phrase during
his speech, his eyes welled up with tears of happiness. The The
Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed on August 6th of that year.
On March 7, 1965, 600 civil rights marchers, led by John Lewis of
the Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee and Rev. Hosea
Williams of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, followed
by Bob Mants of SNCC and Albert Turner of SCLC, were brutally
attacked by state and local police on U.S. Highway 80 after they
crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge over the Alabama River in Selma,
Alabama. Afterl the marchers crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge,
they encountered a wall of state troopers and county posse waiting
for them on the other side. County sheriff Jim Clark had issued an
order for all white men in Dallas County over the age of
twenty-one to report to the courthouse that morning to be
deputized. Commanding officer John Cloud told the demonstrators to
disband at once and go home. Rev. Hosea Williams tried to speak to
the officer, but Cloud curtly informed him there was nothing to
discuss. Seconds later, the troopers began shoving the
demonstrators, knocking many to the ground and beating them with
nightsticks. Another detachment of troopers fired tear gas, and
mounted troopers charged the crowd on horseback. Televised images
of the brutal attack presented Americans and international
audiences with horrifying images of marchers left bloodied and
severely injured, and roused support for the Selma Voting Rights
Campaign. Amelia Boynton, who had helped organize the march as
well as marching in it, was beaten unconscious. A photograph of
her lying on the road of the Edmund Pettus Bridge appeared on the
front page of newspapers and news magazines around the world.
Another marcher, Lynda Blackmon Lowery, age 14, was brutally
beaten by a police officer during the march, and needed seven
stitches for a cut above her right eye and 28 stitches on the back
of her head. John Lewis suffered a skull fracture and bore scars
on his head from the incident for the rest of his life. In all, 17
marchers were hospitalized and 50 treated for lesser injuries; the
day soon became known as "Bloody Sunday" within the
black community. Film of the brutal attack was televised on the
ABC television network that evening, interrupting the television
premiere of the film "Judgement At Nurmberg", a movie
that challenged the master race theory of Nazi Germany in the same
way the marchers were challenging the master race theory of
American racism. In immediate response to the march, President
Johnson issued an immediate statement "deploring the
brutality with which a number of Negro citizens of Alabama were
treated". He also promised to send a voting rights bill to
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Gorbachev:
The Rise And Fall + Oleg Gordievsky Doc MP4 Download DVD
March 15, 1990: The Soviet Union (The
Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR): The History Of The
Soviet Union: The 1990 Soviet Union Presidential Election: --
Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first President of the Soviet
Union, officially called President Of The USSR or President Of The
Union Of The Soviet Socialist Republics, which office was the head
of state of the Soviet Union from March 15, 1990 to December 25,
1991. The 1990 Soviet Union Presidential Election was held in the
Soviet Union on March 14 1990 to elect a president for a five-year
term. This was the first and only presidential election to be held
in the Soviet Union. This was due to the office of president being
established in 1990, a year before the dissolution of the Soviet
Union in 1991. The elections were uncontested, with Mikhail
Gorbachev, then-General Secretary of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union as the only candidate. Although the constitution
required the president to be directly-elected, it was decided that
the first elections should be held on an indirect basis as it was
necessary for a president to be elected immediately and processes
taking place in the country did not leave time for elections to be
held. Mikhail Gorbachev was the only person to occupy the office.
Gorbachev was also General Secretary of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union between March 1985 and August 1991. He derived an
increasingly greater share of his power from his position as
president until he finally resigned as General Secretary after the
Soviet coup attempt of 1991. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Subways
Trains & Railroads! Rail Transport History DVD, Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: World
War II Propaganda Cartoons MP4 Video Download 2 DVD Set
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Tommy:
The Who In Concert 1989 DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Japan:
A Cherry Blossom By Many Other Names MP4 Video Download DVD
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Western Tradition TV Series DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Story Of Civilization: Will & Ariel Durant DVD, MP3 Download,
USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Lady
Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday DVD, Download, Flash Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Swing:
The Best Of The Big Bands DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC
Radio Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Decades: The 1960s TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Unknown War: The Great Patriotic War Series WWII USSR DVD MP4 USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Struggles For Poland TV Series + Bonus MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: War
Jets: The Rockwell B-1 Lancer Heavy Bomber DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Golden Age Of Comedy 5 Album Set CD, MP3, USB Stick
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Patti
Page Music TV Shows DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Rock &
Roll An Unruly History 10 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Armenian Genocide Documentary MP4 Video Download DVD
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