EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Latest New Releases And Today's #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com

EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Latest New Releases And Today's #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com & MediaOutlet.com!

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

Our latest new releases and daily specials are at https://store.earthstation1.com/specials.html -- and they're waiting for you! ;) (EarthStation1.com logo "Heart Of The Quasar" used with gracious longtime permission of Don Dixon, founding member of the International Association of Astronomical Artists (IAAA) https://www.cosmographica.com)

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Soupy Sales TV Shows Video MegaSet DVD, MP4 Download, USB Stick

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: Gorilla Suit Day: -- We love a day that lets us unleash our inner primate, even if it is in a suit (!) This King Kong-sized day is meant to honor the monkey suits that are worn on Halloween, at costume parties, movies, and sometimes just for fun. So don your gorilla suit and join us for the celebrations. The very first suit was handmade in the 1920s by Carlos Cruz Gemora, a Hollywood make-up artist. His study of real gorillas from the San Diego Zoo coupled with his make-up expertise gave his suit authenticity. Before Gemora's gorilla suit, movies had a version, which was unfortunately not very close to the real thing. This was because Westerners had not laid eyes on this primate until the 1860s, and even then, this animal was something of a curiosity back in the early 20th century. This made the initial gorilla suits somewhat questionable representations of the real animal. By the time Gemora's realistic suit came around, the movie industry - and gorillas - were enjoying a lot of popularity. This went on for the next few decades, until the 1950s, when their scare factor went down. An innovation came into existence - special effects. It turned the film world on its head. No longer were men in costumes required; computers could take care of it all. A few followers of the good old times - Rick Baker, for instance - kept the gorilla suit alive. Baker kept away from special effects and illusions, using the gorilla suit instead to appear in movies like "Schlock," and "The Thing With Two Heads." In 1963, one of "MAD" magazine's 'Maddest Artists', Don Martin, wrote a 56-page comic about a character mocking the then-fictitious Gorilla Suit holiday. This character is then assaulted by gorillas and people in gorilla suits, in trademark "MAD" magazine's absurdly hilarious style. This paperback was called "Don Martin Bounces Back," and although the book itself is out of print, the holiday lives on through Don Martin fans. They get together with fans of "MAD" magazine to celebrate this unofficial holiday in memory of the artist and the suits themselves. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/lost-soupy-sales-tv-shows-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Degas (1988) Artist Edgar Degas Documentary MP4 Video Download Or DVD

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: National Inspire Your Heart With Art Day: -- A day that encourages us to ponder how art can touch our souls and make a lasting impact. Whether it's a piece of music or a painting, it can broaden our horizons and inspire us in many ways. It was undoubtedly a creative and artistic person who created this day that shines a spotlight on the importance and power of art. We often don't realize the impact art can have on our hearts. It can inspire, motivate, guide, and touch us in more ways than we can imagine. Art has been around for a very long time. Several archaeologists found the first artifacts of human art, which date back to the Stone Age. Since then, art has developed over the years and is appreciated for a variety of reasons. Inspire Your Heart with Art Day is celebrated by various art organizations and strives towards appreciating all forms of art. Many associate art with paintings only but it comes in many forms and it almost always inspires or touches your heart. Inspire Your Heart with Art Day is the perfect day to take a closer look at a piece of art to understand what the artist is trying to communicate. With an open mind, you can allow it to inspire you and change your perspective on many things. Art satisfies our basic need for harmony and balance, and it brings people together. Art also acts as an important form of communication that bridges the language barrier. Art can really go a long way in making a social impact on our lives. On this day, it is a nudge to let your heart be inspired by paintings, books, music, movies, drama, e.t.c., whichever form of art draws your interest. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/degas-dvd-1988-tv-documentary-artist-edgar-d1988.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Victor Borge: Then And Now DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: Backwards Day: -- Encourages us to do things oppositely. It's a time to take a look at our actions to see how reversing them can be effective and fun at the same time. One example of how doing things backward can be enlightening is by reverse poetry, which is a form that uses a reverse method to convey different messages depending on how the poem is read. They can be read forwards top to bottom with one meaning and backward from bottom to top with another. Spend the day finding new ways to do things in reverse! An interesting example in history of doing things in reverse was from none other than one of the worlds' most well-known artists, Leonardo da Vinci. He famously practiced mirror writing, which is where text is written in the opposite direction so that it can be read in a mirror. There are multiple theories as to why Da Vinci did this. Firstly, it made it harder for people to steal his ideas, or he could've been hiding his work to avoid religious persecution. Another theory is the artist simply wanted to prevent smudging of ink. Also, Da Vinci was left-handed, and starting right to left could have made it easier for him. Backwards Day was created by two women, Sarah Nicole Miller and Megan Emily Scott, who came up with the idea while on a farm. They were milking cows, thinking about arts and crafts when the initial idea came to them. The two women came up with the rules of and created it on January 29, 1961. The next day, word had spread around and the community was doing things backward. The pair then made the day on January 31 and so it has remained. Throughout the decades, the benefits of doing things in reverse have become more visible. Some schools celebrate National Backward Day where students can wear their clothes inside out, their shoes on the opposite feet, write their names backward, and so on. Adding a little fun to the school day adds some entertainment to what could be just another ordinary day. Backwards Day isn't just confined to the real world either. The invocation of doing things backward is seen In one of the most memorable episodes of the Nickelodeon cartoon, SpongeBob Squarepants. SpongeBob's serious neighbor Squidward Tentacles calls a realty company to sell his house, but they won't accept it if his neighbors are too out of control. Squidward tells the rambunctious SpongeBob that it's Opposite Day so that he changes his ways, and SpongeBob acts as if he's Squidward. Now, the day is a fun opportunity to do things in reverse! On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/victor-borge-then-and-now-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hell: Divine Punishment And The Bible MP4 Video Download DVD

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: Hell Is Freezing Over Day: -- The Northern Hemisphere experiences a chilling winter during this time period. The original idiom, "When hell freezes over," actually refers to something that will never happen, but due to the freezing weather, it indeed feels like hell is freezing over. While we don't know who created this cold holiday, it must have been someone who finally saw the unthinkable happen. Hell is Freezing Over Day is derived from the idiom, "When hell freezes over," which refers to something that's never going to happen. All of us have used it multiple times in our lives by saying, "I will apologize when hell freezes over," "I will join the gym when hell freezes over," or "I will watch a horror movie when hell freezes over," and so on. Hell freezing over has also been referenced in popular culture, and is the name of the Eagles album that was released in 1994. In an interview, when one of the band members was asked when they will reunite again, after they announced their break, he said, "When hell freezes over," implying that a reunion was highly unlikely. They did, however, get back together after a 14-year break and, thus, their second live album was named "Hell Freezes Over." It was also used in a speech at the United Nations in 1962 by the late Adlai Stevenson '22. Hell is Freezing Over Day is particularly relevant in the Northern Hemisphere as this day falls during winter when people are experiencing extremely harsh temperatures. Some places experience temperatures below 0 degrees Fahrenheit, which can even cause lakes to freeze completely, streets to be covered in snow, and the strong winds to become unbearable. It literally feels like hell has frozen over during this season. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/hedipuandbim.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic Old Time Radio Commercials MP3 Set CD, Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: Scotch Tape Day: -- A problem arose when cars needed to be painted in two tones and sections needed to be taped off to do so. That's how Richard Drew ended up creating scotch tape. Today, this versatile invention is used to stick anything and everything. In the early 1920s, Richard Drew worked at the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, which made sandpaper at the time. When he used to deliver sandpaper samples to auto body shops, he observed the inconvenience that car painters experienced when they had to paint two-tone color cars. At that time, surgical adhesive tapes or library glues were used to hold newspapers on cars when painting. However, when the newspapers were removed, residue remained and would rip the paint off when peeled off. This inspired Drew to come up with a long-term and efficient solution. He went on to invent masking tape made out of crepe paper, cabinetmaker's glue, and glycerin. It adhered well to cars and came off easily without taking paint away. It was later marketed as Scotch Masking Tape. Around the 1950s, the company introduced their mascot, "Scotty McTape", who was declared a member of the Clan Wallace - the clan that William Wallace was from. The mascot started wearing red tartan and Wallace Hunting green plaid. However, he was jettisoned in the early 1970s. Nevertheless, to date, one can still find the green plaid on Scotch labels. Over the years, several manufacturers have started making transparent adhesive tape, however, many people still tend to call it Scotch Tape. The invention of Scotch Tape, which can now be found in almost every home, resulted in Drew being inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-radio-commercials-old-time-radio-mp3-c3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Monarchy In The UK: British Royal History MP4 Video Download DVD Set

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1606: The Gunpowder Plot (The Gunpowder Plot Of 1605, The Gunpowder Treason Plot, The Jesuit Treason): -- #DOTD: Guy Fawkes and three of his co-conspirators #dies when they are are executed for treason by hanging, drawing and quartering, for plotting against Parliament and King James. The trial of Guy Fawkes and other Gunpowder Plot conspirators began on January 27, 1606, ending with their execution on January 31. The Gunpowder Plot was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby who sought to restore the Catholic monarchy to England after decades of persecution against Catholics. The plan was to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament on November 5, 1605, as the prelude to a popular revolt in the Midlands during which King James's nine-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, was to be installed as the Catholic head of state. Catesby may have embarked on the scheme after hopes of securing greater religious tolerance under King James I had faded, leaving many English Catholics disappointed. His fellow conspirators were John and Christopher Wright, Robert and Thomas Wintour, Thomas Percy, Guy Fawkes, Robert Keyes, Thomas Bates, John Grant, Ambrose Rookwood, Sir Everard Digby and Francis Tresham. Fawkes, who had 10 years of military experience fighting in the Spanish Netherlands in the failed suppression of the Dutch Revolt, was given charge of the explosives. The plot was revealed to the authorities in an anonymous letter sent to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, on October 26, 1605. During a search of the House of Lords in the evening on 4 November 1605, Fawkes was discovered guarding 36 barrels of gunpowder-enough to reduce the House of Lords to rubble-and arrested. Most of the conspirators fled from London as they learned that the plot had been discovered, trying to enlist support along the way. Several made a stand against the pursuing Sheriff of Worcester and his men at Holbeche House; in the ensuing battle Catesby was one of those shot and killed. At their trial on January 27, 1606, eight of the survivors, including Fawkes, were convicted and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered. In keeping with the English custom at that time for executed traitors, he has no (publicly disclosed) grave, and accordingly, his burial details are not (publicly) disclosed. Details of the assassination attempt were allegedly known by the principal Jesuit of England, Father Henry Garnet SJ. Although he was convicted of treason and sentenced to death, doubt has been cast on how much he really knew of the plot. As its existence was revealed to him through confession, Garnet was prevented from informing the authorities by the absolute confidentiality of the confessional. Although anti-Catholic legislation was introduced soon after the discovery of the plot, many important and loyal Catholics retained high office during King James I's reign. The thwarting of the Gunpowder Plot was commemorated for many years afterwards by special sermons and other public events such as the ringing of church bells, which evolved into the British variant of Bonfire Night of today. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/monarchy-in-the-uk-british-royal-history-mp4-video-download-dvd-set.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Romantic Spirit TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1797: #BOTD: #HBD! Franz Schubert, Austrian pianist and composer (d. November 19, 1828) is #born Franz Peter Schubert in Himmelpfortgrund (now a part of Alsergrund), Vienna, Archduchy of Austria. Franz Schubert died at age 31, but was extremely prolific during his lifetime. His output consists of over 600 secular vocal works (mainly Lieder), seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental music and a large body of chamber and piano music. Appreciation of Schubert's music while he was alive was limited to a relatively small circle of admirers in Vienna, but interest in his work increased significantly in the decades following his death. Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms and other 19th-century composers discovered and championed his works. Today, Schubert is ranked among the greatest composers of the late Classical and early Romantic eras and is one of the most frequently performed composers of the early 19th century. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-romantic-spirit-tv-series-all-14-episodes-5-dual-layer-d145.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Abraham Lincoln Documentaries Set MP4 Video Download Or DVD

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1865: The Reconstruction Era (Reconstruction): The Constitution Of The United States: The Reconstruction Amendments: Slavery In The United States: The End Of Slavery In The United States: The Thirteenth Amendment To The United States Constitution (Amendment XIII): -- The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime, and submits it to the states for ratification. The following day, February 1, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln signed it, enacting it into law. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary Of State William H. Seward proclaimed its adoption. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/abraham-lincoln-documentaries-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Robert E. Lee Documentaries DVD, MP4 Video Dowload, USB Flash Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1865: The American Civil War (The Civil War, The War Between The States): -- Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes The General In Chief Of The Armies Of The Confederate States, on the same day that The United States abolished slavery with Congress' passage of The Thirteenth Amendment To The United States Constitution, making his rank analogous of that of opposing Union General In Chief Ulysses S. Grant. As The Confederation General In Chief, Lee was military commander of the Confederate States Army (CSA) until the office was effectively abolished on April 9, 1865, when General In Chief Lee surrendered to General In Chief Grant at Appomattox, Virginia. The title General In Chief defined Lee's role rather than making him something that could be called the highest ranking Confederate general officer; the seven full generals of the CSA were delineated solely by seniority, topped by General Samuel Cooper. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/robert-e-lee-documentaries-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: World War I: An Audio History MP3 Set CD, Audio Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1892: #BOTD: #HBD! Eddie Cantor, American "illustrated song" performer, comedian, singer, songwriter, dancer, actor, humanitarian and philanthropist (d. October 10, 1964) is #born Isidore Itzkowitz in New York City, the son of Mechel Iskowitz (also Michael), an amateur violinist, and his wife, Meta Kantrowitz Iskowitz (also Maite), a young Jewish couple from Russia. Known as "The Apostle Of Pep" and familiar to Broadway, radio, movie, and early television audiences, Eddie Cantor was regarded almost as a family member by millions because his top-rated radio shows revealed intimate stories and amusing anecdotes about his wife Ida and five daughters. Some of his hits include "Makin' Whoopee," "Ida (Sweet as Apple Cider)," "If You Knew Susie," "Ma! He's Makin' Eyes at Me," "Mandy," "My Baby Just Cares for Me," "Margie," and "How Ya Gonna Keep 'em Down on the Farm (After They've Seen Paree)?" He also wrote a few songs, including "Merrily We Roll Along", the Merrie Melodies Warner Bros. cartoon theme. His eye-rolling song-and-dance routines eventually led to his nickname, "Banjo Eyes." In 1933, artist Frederick J. Garner caricatured Cantor with large round eyes resembling the drum-like pot of a banjo. Cantor's eyes became his trademark, often exaggerated in illustrations, and leading to his appearance on Broadway in the musical Banjo Eyes (1941). Cantor was the second president of the Screen Actors Guild, serving from 1933 to 1935. His charity and humanitarian work was extensive. He invented the title "The March of Dimes" for the donation campaigns of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, which was organized to combat polio. It was a play on The March of Time newsreels popular at the time. He began the first campaign on his radio show in January 1938, asking listeners to mail a dime to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. At that time, Roosevelt was the most notable American victim of polio. Other entertainers joined in the appeal via their own shows, and the White House mail room was deluged with 2,680,000 dimes-a large sum at the time. He was awarded an honorary Oscar in 1956 for distinguished service to the film industry. Eddie Cantor died in Beverly Hills, California of a heart attack at age 72. He is interred in Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California. #EddieCantor #IllustratedSongPerformers #Comedians #Singers #Songwriters #Dancers #Actors #Humanitarians #Philanthropists #ApostleOfPep #BanjoEyes #Jews #GreatGuys #MerrilyWeRollAlong #MerrieMelodies #Stage #Theater #Theatre #Broadway #Vaudeville #Radio #OldTimeRadio #OTR #Movies #Film #MotionPictures #Cinema #Hollywood #ClassicalHollywoodCinema #ClassicalHollywoodNarrative #ClassicHollywoodCinema #GoldenAgeOfHollywood #OldHollywood #SilverScreen #AmericanCinema #CinemaOfTheUS #ScreenActorsGuild #PresidentsOfTheScreenActorsGuild #MarchOfDimes #NationalFoundationForInfantileParalysis #MP3 #CD #AudioDownload On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/world-war-i-an-audio-history-wwi-mp3-c3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Old Time Radio Children's Show MP3 MegaSet DVD, Download, USB Stick

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1902: #BOTD: #HBD! Tallulah Bankhead, American actress of the stage, screen and radio and beauty (December 12, 1968) is #born Tallulah Brockman Bankhead in Huntsville, Alabama to the prominent Alabama Democratic party Brockman Bankhead political family, her grandfather and uncle were U.S. Senators and her father served as an 11-term member of Congress, the final two as Speaker of the House of Representatives. Tallulah's support of liberal causes such as civil rights broke with the tendency of the Southern Democrats to support a more typically aligned agenda, and she often opposed her own family publicly. Primarily an actress of the stage, Bankhead did have one hit film, Alfred Hitchcock's Lifeboat (1944), s well as a brief but successful career on radio. She later made appearances on television as well. In her personal life, Bankhead struggled with alcoholism and drug addiction, smoked around 120 cigarettes per day, and was known for her promiscuous sex life with both men and women; Bankhead also openly talked about her vices. She supported foster children and helped families escape the Spanish Civil War and World War II. She was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1972, and the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1981. Upon her death, Bankhead had amassed nearly 300 film, stage, television, and radio roles. Tallulah Bankhead died in St. Luke's Hospital in Manhattan, aged 66. The cause of death was pleural double pneumonia, complicated by emphysema due to cigarette smoking, malnutrition, and possibly a strain of the flu which was endemic at that time. Her last coherent words reportedly were a garbled request for "Codeine ... bourbon." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/old-time-radio-childrens-show-megaset-2-dual-layer-mp3-dvd-s23.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Woody Guthrie Documentary Biography DVD, Video Download, Flash Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1915: #BOTD: #HBD! Alan Lomax, American guitarist, archivist, ethnomusicologist, historian, folklorist, filmmaker, scholar and activist, best known for his numerous field recordings of blues and folk music of the 20th century, the first to record towering figures like Leadbelly, Muddy Waters and Woody Guthrie (d. July 19, 2002) is #born in Austin, Texas in 1915,the third of four children born to Bess Brown and pioneering folklorist and author John A. Lomax; two of his siblings also developed significant careers studying folklore: Bess Lomax Hawes and John Lomax Jr.. Lomax produced recordings, concerts, and radio shows in the US and in England, which played an important role in preserving folk music traditions in both countries, and helped start both the American and British folk revivals of the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. He collected material first with his father, folklorist and collector John A. Lomax, and later alone and with others, Lomax recorded thousands of songs and interviews for the Archive of American Folk Song, of which he was the director, at the Library of Congress on aluminum and acetate discs. The Library of Congress Recording Sessions refers to a March 1940 session of recordings Woody Guthrie made in Washington, D.C., for Alan Lomax. They were catalogued in the United States Library of Congress. They are notable as the first recordings made of Woody Guthrie. They contain several traditional songs and three of Guthrie's best known songs, "So Long It's Been Good To Know You", "Talking Dust Bowl Blues" and "Do-Re-Me". The session is also interesting for Guthrie's autobiographical memories of Oklahoma, riding the freight trains and observations on life and America's great depression in conversation with Lomax. These were not intended to be commercial recordings, but some tracks were later released on an Elektra Records three-LP set titled Woody Guthrie: Library of Congress Recordings in 1964. Alan Lomax died of unspecified causes in Safety Harbor, Florida at the age of 87. His remains were cremated; the final disposition of his ashes are defined online only as having been given to family or a friend. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/woody-guthrie-dvd-tv-documentary.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Poisoned Winds Of War + Bonus Chemical/Biological Weapons MP4 DVD

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1915: The European Civil War: World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World War I): The Eastern Front Of World War I: The Battle Of Humin-Bolimow (The Battle Of Bolimow): First Weapons Deployments: Chemical Weapons: Poison Gas: Tear Gas: -- Germany is the first to make large-scale use of poison gas in warfare in the Battle of Bolimow against Russia. The Battle of Bolimow was an inconclusive battle of World War I fought on January 31, 1915 between Germany and Russia, and considered a preliminary to the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, also known as the Winter Battle of the Masurian Lakes, the northern part of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front in the winter of 1915 intended to advance beyond the Vistula River and perhaps knock Russia out of the war. The eighteen thousand gas shells they fired proved unsuccessful when the xylyl bromide, also known as methylbenzyl bromide or T-stoff ("Substance-T"), a type of tear gas (ultimately used by Nazi Germany as a rocket propellant during World War II), was blown back at their own lines. The gas caused few if any casualties, however, since the cold weather caused it to freeze, rendering it ineffective. The failure of the xylyl bromide caused the German commanders to call off their attack. In response, the Russians sent 11 divisions, led by Vasily Gurko to launch a counterattack; German artillery repelled the Russian troops, who suffered 40,000 casualties. The use of toxic chemicals as weapons dates back thousands of years, but the first large scale use of chemical weapons was during World War I. They were primarily used to demoralize, injure, and kill entrenched defenders, against whom the indiscriminate and generally very slow-moving or static nature of gas clouds would be most effective. The types of weapons employed ranged from disabling chemicals, such as tear gas, to lethal agents like phosgene, chlorine, and mustard gas. This chemical warfare was a major component of the first global war and first total war of the 20th century. The killing capacity of gas was limited, with about ninety thousand fatalities from a total of 1.3 million casualties caused by gas attacks. Gas was unlike most other weapons of the period because it was possible to develop countermeasures, such as gas masks. In the later stages of the war, as the use of gas increased, its overall effectiveness diminished. The widespread use of these agents of chemical warfare, and wartime advances in the composition of high explosives, gave rise to an occasionally expressed view of World War I as "the chemist's war" and also the era where weapons of mass destruction were created. The use of poison gas by all major belligerents throughout World War I constituted war crimes as its use violated the 1899 Hague Declaration Concerning Asphyxiating Gases and the 1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare, which prohibited the use of "poison or poisoned weapons" in warfare. Widespread horror and public revulsion at the use of gas and its consequences led to far less use of chemical weapons by combatants during World War II. Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (from the Latin lacrima meaning "tear"), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after an early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In addition, it can cause severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and blindness. Common lachrymators both currently and formerly used as tear gas include pepper spray (OC gas), PAVA spray (nonivamide), CS gas, CR gas, CN gas (phenacyl chloride), bromoacetone, xylyl bromide and Mace (a branded mixture). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-poisoned-winds-of-the-cold-war-chemical-weapons-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: U-Boat! WWI & WWII German Submarines 3 MP4 Video Downloads Or 3 DVDs

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1917: The European Civil War: World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World War I): The Western Front Of World War I: Naval Warfare Of World War I: The U-boat Campaign (The U-boat Campaign 1914-1918): The 1917 Resumption Of Snrestricted Submarine Warfare: -- Germany announces that its U-Boat Campaign will resume unrestricted submarine warfare after a two-year hiatus. This was ultimately to lead to America's breaking off diplomatic relations with Germany on February 3, and opened the path to an eventual declaration of war between the United States and Germany. The U-Boat Campaign from 1914 to 1918 was the World War I naval campaign fought by German submarines (U-boats) against the trade routes of the Allies. It took place largely in the seas around the British Isles and in the Mediterranean. The German Empire relied on imports for food and domestic food production (especially fertilizer) and the United Kingdom relied heavily on imports to feed its population, and both required raw materials to supply their war industry; the powers aimed, therefore, to blockade one another. The British had the Royal Navy which was superior in numbers and could operate on most of the world's oceans because of the British Empire. The Imperial German Navy surface fleet was mainly restricted to the German Bight. Sometimes called the German Bay, or for a time Heligoland after the island chain in the midst of it, the German Bight is the southeastern North Sea bight (a bend or curve in a coastline) bounded by the Netherlands and Germany to the south, Germany and Denmark's Jutland peninsula to east, and bounded by the north and west by Dogger Bank, a shallow area of the North Sea about 100 kilometres (62 mi) off the east coast of England. The southern portion of the bight is also known as the Heligoland Bight. During World War I, the German Bight was considered a German-controlled bay, out of which they rarely operated. Elsewhere, Germany relied on commerce raiders and U-Boat operations. In the course of events in the Atlantic alone, German U-boats sank almost 5,000 ships with nearly 13 million gross register tonnage, losing 178 boats and about 5,000 men in combat. Other naval theatres saw U-boats operating in both the Far East and South East Asia, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean and North Seas. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/uboat-wwi-amp-wwii-uboats-german-submarine-films-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Civil Rights OTR: Destination Freedom, New World A-Coming CD MP3 USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

( #JCKaelin here: It is quite impossible to explain to those where were not alive at the time how awesomely important and groundbreaking Jackie Robinson was in so many ways in so many fields. Perhaps the best way of doing that is to point out that, when confronted with a great soul like Jackie Robinson, no sensible person could conclude that black people were, in any respect, inferior to anyone else - and even more, that a black person could, and should, in whatever field they excelled in, be celebrated, respected and *loved* for being superior. He was more than a sports figure - he was a true American hero. ) ========= January 31, 1919: #BOTD: #HBD! Jackie Robinson, African American professional baseball player, television sportscaster, business executive and banker who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era, the first black television analyst in Major League Baseball, and the first black vice president of a major American corporation (d. October 24, 1972) is #born Jack Roosevelt Robinson (his middle name in honor of President Theodore Roosevelt who died 25 days before) into a family of sharecroppers in Cairo, Georgia. Robinson broke the baseball color line when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947. When the Dodgers signed Robinson, it heralded the end of racial segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. During his 10-year MLB career, Robinson played for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1947 to 1956, won the inaugural Rookie of the Year Award in 1947, was an All-Star for six consecutive seasons from 1949 through 1954, won the National League Most Valuable Player Award in 1949 - the first black player so honored - and elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers' 1955 World Series championship. In 1997, MLB retired his uniform number 42 across all major league teams; he was the first professional athlete in any sport to be so honored. MLB also adopted a new annual tradition, "Jackie Robinson Day", for the first time on April 15, 2004, on which every player on every team wears No. 42. Robinson's character, his use of nonviolence, and his talent challenged the traditional basis of segregation that had then marked many other aspects of American life. He influenced the culture of and contributed significantly to the civil rights movement. Robinson also was the first black television analyst in MLB and the first black vice president of a major American corporation, Chock full o'Nuts. In the 1960s, he helped establish the Freedom National Bank, an African American-owned financial institution based in Harlem, New York. After his death in 1972, Robinson was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and Presidential Medal Of Freedom in recognition of his achievements on and off the field. ========= His extraordinary and beautiful wife, the great and good Rachel Robinson, who as of her husband's 2026 birthday is 103 years old and lives on a 60-acre farm in Salem, Connecticut, was a former professor and registered nurse, a recipient of the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award (2007) and. with the Buck O'Neil Lifetime Achievement Award (2017), Rachel and Jackie Robinson became the first married couple to reside alongside each other in Major league Baseball's Hall of Fame. Rachel Robinson founded The Jackie Robinson Foundation in 1973, a national non-profit organization located in New York City, which gives scholarships to minority youths for higher education, as well as preserving the legacy of Jackie Robinson. Its motto is "JRF has provided college and graduate school scholarships as well as leadership development opportunities for highly motivated students of color with limited financial resources." #JackieRobinson #BaseballPlayers #TVSportscasters #Sportscasters #Sportsmen #Businessmen #Executives #Bankers #JackieRobinsonDay #No42 #Heroes #Champions #GreatGuys #RoleModels #TheGreatAndTheGood #TheBestAndBrightest #AfricanAmericans #BlackAmericans #BlackPeople #Blacks #CongressionalGoldMedalRecipients #PresidentialMedalOfFreedomRecipients #RookiesOfTheYear #MajorLeagueBaseballAllStars #MajorLeagueAllStars #MLBAllStars #MLBMVPs #MVPs #BrooklynDodgers #ColorLine #ColorBarrier #RacialSegregation #Segregation #MajorLeagueBaseball #1955WorldSeries #WorldSeries #Sports #RachelRobinson #JackieRobinsonFoundation #Nonviolence #CivilRightsMovement #AmericanCivilRightsMovement #AfricanAmericanCivilRightsMovement #ChockFullONuts #FreedomNationalBank #AfricanAmericanBanks #AfricanAmericanHistory #HistoryOfAfricanAmericans #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/destination-freedom-new-world-a39comin39-mp3-cd-civil-rights-39393.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1926: #BOTD: #HBD! Chuck Willis, knicknamed "The King Of The Stroll" for his performance of the 1950s dance "The Stroll", African American blues, rhythm and blues, rock and roll pioneer, singer and songwriter, best known for his biggest hits "C. C. Rider" (1957) and "What Am I Living For" (1958), both of which reached No.1 on the Billboard R & B chart just before he died (d. April 10, 1958) is #born Harold Willis in Atlanta, Georgia. He was spotted at a talent contest by Atlanta radio disc jockey Zenas Sears, who became his manager and helped him to sign with Columbia Records in 1951. After one single, Willis began recording on a Columbia subsidiary, Okeh. During his stay at Okeh, he established himself as a popular R & B singer and songwriter, performing material that he wrote himself. In 1956, he moved to Atlantic Records where he had immediate success with "It's Too Late", "Juanita" and "Love Me Cherry". His most successful recording was "C.C. Rider", which topped the US Billboard R & B chart in 1957 and also crossed over and sold well in the pop market. Jerry Wexler said it was Willis's surprising idea to "do an old standard" instead of one of his own songs. "C.C. Rider" was a remake of a twelve-bar blues, performed by Ma Rainey in Atlanta before Willis was born. Its relaxed beat, combined with a mellow vibraphone backing and chorus, inspired the emergence of the popular dance, The Stroll. When performing on stage Willis and his group would do this step side to side. Dick Clark played "C. C. Rider" on American Bandstand, and "The Stroll" became a popular dance. Willis's follow-up was "Betty and Dupree", another "stroll" song and a similar "old standard", which also did well. Wexler said that Dick Clark used "Betty and Dupree" on American Bandstand to accompany "The Stroll," and that is how Willis became known as "King Of The Stroll." Willis' single "Going To Rhe River", a song by Dave Bartholomew and Fats Domino, was a prototype for his "stroll" sound, reaching No.4 on the R & B chart. Willis performed wearing a turban (a gimmick suggested to him by his friend Screamin' Jay Hawkins) and was also known as the "Sheik of Shake." In the early 1950s he hosted and performed on a weekly Saturday night television show in Atlanta, which featured guest artists such as Ray Charles and Sam Cooke who were passing through town. Zenas Sears said that Willis was a better songwriter than a performer, but also said, "On the TV show ... Chuck would do five or six different numbers every week. He moved very well, he handled himself very well and put everyone at ease." He was a solid, if not spectacular, performer on the road as well, and "was one of the few artists who would treat a band properly," according to Roy Gaines, who was Willis's bandleader and guitarist. Willis approached songwriting with painstaking craftsmanship and the result was literate, soulful and melancholy. He did not introduce a song in the studio until it was a polished product and fully worked out in his mind. He used a variety of methods. Zenas Sears said Willis would drive around in the car singing into a reel-to-reel tape recorder. Sears said, "If he'd lived he would have been recognized for that [his songwriting]." Roy Gaines recalled, "He'd lock up in a hotel room and wouldn't see anyone for 3-4 days or a week. When he wrote 'It's Too Late,' he was in his room for a week." Ruth Brown, who toured with Willis, said he would write on yellow legal pads. Brown said, "I asked him, because he had such a good song going, I said, 'Chuck, why don't you write me a tune? And he did. He wrote, "Oh What a Dream".'" Jerry Wexler said Willis would bring a full set of lyrics into the studio and then work out the arrangements with the band. Zenas Sears said, "[N]o one helped him with his songs. He always wrote a great deal." His death occurred while at the peak of his career, just after the release of his last single, "What Am I Living For", backed by "Hang Up My Rock and Roll Shoes". "Hang Up My Rock & Roll Shoes" was actually the A-side of the single but, upon his death, "What Am I Living For" became the more popular of the two songs. "What Am I Living For" sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. It was also the top R & B disc of 1958. This was the first rock and roll record released in stereo, "engineered by Tom Dowd of Atlantic Records". When Willis died, he owed a lot of money to the US government, because, according to Zenas Sears, "he paid the band out of his own pocket without ever deducting taxes. ... When he died, his wife had the house, she had the fur coats and the Cadillac, but there was no money." An early Okeh hit, "Don't Deceive Me (Please Don't Go)" became his most widely covered song with versions by Ruth Brown, Little Richard, Screamin' Jay Hawkins, James Brown, and Delaney and Bonnie. It was also used as the title of an episode of "Grey's Anatomy" (Season 7, episode 13, 2011). His hit, the blues ballad "It's Too Late" was covered by other artists, including Otis Redding, Roy Orbison, Buddy Holly and the Crickets, Ted Taylor (1969 single), Freddie King, Derek and the Dominos and the Jerry Garcia Band. In 2005, Redding's version was heavily sampled by Kanye West on Late Registration's "Gone". Elvis Presley covered "I Feel So Bad" and "C. C. Rider". The Five Keys and Peaches and Herb had hits with "Close Your Eyes", and Ruth Brown and Conway Twitty had hits with "Oh What a Dream". The Band covered "Hang Up My Rock and Roll Shoes" on their 1972 live album Rock of Ages. Willis's cousin was Chick Willis. Chuck Willis died of peritonitis during surgery in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 32. Willis had suffered from stomach ulcers for many years, and was known to drink a lot. He is buried at South-View Cemetery, a historic African-American-founded cemetery located approximately 15 minutes from downtown Atlanta, Georgia. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/dj-radio-airchecks-mp3-dvd-1950s60s70s-dis319506070.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Monster: A Portrait Of Stalin In Blood TV Series DVD, Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1928: The Interwar Period (The Aftermath Of World War I, The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Soviet Union (The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR): The History Of The Soviet Union: Mass Repression In The Soviet Union: Stalinism: The Exile Of Leon Trotsky: -- Leon Trotsky, leader of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia (The Bolshevik Revolution), is exiled from The Soviet Union, accompanied by his wife Natalia Sedova and his son Lev Sedov, to Alma-Ata (modern Almaty, Kazakhstan) by Joseph Stalin, then head of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in Moscow. This was the beginning of a twelve-year odyssey that resulted in Trotsky and his family. In February 1929 Trotsky was expelled From Alma-Ata to Turkey. At this time, he made requests to enter Belgium, France, Norway, Germany, and the United Kingdom, but all refused access. On February 20, 1932, Trotsky and all of his family lost their Soviet citizenship and were forbidden to enter the Soviet Union. Trotsky then went to fascist Italy. In July 1933, Trotsky was offered asylum in France by Prime Minister Edouard Daladier. In May 1935, soon after the French government had agreed to The Franco-Soviet Treaty Of Mutual Assistance, Trotsky was officially told that he was no longer welcome in France. Trotsky then moved to Norway, after obtaining permission from Justice Minister (and future United Nations General Secretary) Trygve Lie to enter the country. Following French media complaints about Trotsky's role in encouraging the mass strikes in France in May and June 1936 with his articles, the Johan Nygaardsvold-led Norwegian government began to exhibit disquiet about Trotsky's actions. In the summer of 1936, Trotsky's asylum was increasingly made a political issue by the fascist Nasjonal Samling, led by future Nazi puppet dictator Vidkun Quisling, along with an increase in pressure from the Soviet government on the Norwegian authorities. On August 5 1936, the house he was staying at was burgled by fascists from the Nasjonal Samling while Trotsky and his wife were out on a seashore trip with the home's owner, parliamentarian Konrad Knudsen, and his wife. The burglars targeted Trotsky's works and archives for vandalism. On August 14, 1936, the Soviet Press Agency TASS announced the discovery of a "Trotskyist-Zinovievist" plot and the imminent start of the Moscow trials of the accused. On August 26, eight policemen arrived at Knudsen's house demanding that Trotsky sign new conditions for residing in Norway. These conditions included agreeing to write no more about current political matters, to give no interviews, and to have all his correspondence (incoming and outgoing) inspected by the police. Trotsky categorically refused the conditions, and Trotsky was then told that he and his wife would soon be moved to another residence. The following day Trotsky was interrogated by the police about his political activities, with the police officially citing Trotsky as a "witness" to the fascist raid of August 5. On September 2, Trygve Lie ordered that Trotsky and his wife be transferred to a farm in Hurum, where they were under house arrest and harshly treated. On December 19, 1936, Trotsky and his wife were deported from Norway after being put on the Norwegian oil tanker Ruth. When later living in Mexico, Trotsky was utterly scathing about the treatment he received during his 108 days at Hurum, and accused the Norwegian government of trying to prevent him from publicly voicing his strong opposition to the Moscow Trials and other show trials, saying "When I look back today on this period of internment, I must say that never, anywhere, in the course of my entire life -- and I have lived through many things -- was I persecuted with as much miserable cynicism as I was by the Norwegian "Socialist" government. For four months, these ministers, dripping with democratic hypocrisy, gripped me in a stranglehold to prevent me from protesting the greatest crime history may ever know." The Ruth arrived in Mexico on January 9, 1937. On Trotsky's arrival, the Mexican president, Lazaro Cardenas, welcomed Trotsky to Mexico and arranged for his special train The Hidalgo to bring Trotsky to Mexico City from the port of Tampico. From January 1937 to April 1939, Trotsky and his wife lived in the Coyoacan area of Mexico City at La Casa Azul (The Blue House), the home of the painter Frida Kahlo, with whom Trotsky had an affair, and Kahlo's husband and fellow painter, Diego Rivera. She later presented him with Self-Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky on his birthday, the 20th anniversary of the October Revolution. His final move was a few blocks away to a residence on Avenida Viena in April 1939, following a break with Rivera. Trotsky spent the rest of his life in exile in Mexico City, and died when Soveit NKVD agent Ramon Mercader assassinated him under Stalin's orders. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/monster-a-portrait-of-stalin-in-blood-dvd-tv-series-2-disc2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Murder In Mississippi: Freedom Summer Murders Informants DVD MP4 USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1935: #BOTD: #HBD! Bob Moses, African American educator and civil rights activist, known for his work as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) on voter education and registration in Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement, and his co-founding of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (d. July 25, 2021) is #born Robert Parris Moses in Harlem, New York City. As part of his work with the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of the Mississippi branches of the four major civil rights organizations (SNCC, CORE, NAACP, SCLC), he was the main organizer for the Freedom Summer Project. His parents, Gregory H. Moses, a janitor, and Louise (Parris) Moses, a homemaker, raised their three children in the public housing complex, Harlem River Houses, with frequent visits to the public library. He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1952 and received his B.A. from Hamilton College in 1956. At Hamilton he majored in philosophy and French and played basketball. In 1957, he earned an M.A. in philosophy at Harvard,] and was working toward a PhD but his mother's death and father's hospitalization brought him back to New York City, and in 1958 began teaching math at the Horace Mann School in the Bronx of New York City. Also in 1958, he was private tutor to singer Frankie Lymon, of The Teenagers, and credited his experience visiting Black sections of numerous towns with the doo-wop group for his recognition of the emergence of a distinct urban Black culture scattered across the nation. He spent the 1960s working in the civil rights and anti-war movements, until he left the country in 1966 to avoid the draft and save himself from fighting in the Vietnam War. He spent much of the following decade in Tanzania, teaching and working with the Ministry of Education. After returning to the US in 1982, Moses received a MacArthur Fellowship and began developing the Algebra Project. The math literacy program emphasizes teaching algebra skills to minority students based on broad-based community organizing and collaboration with parents, teachers, and students, to improve college and job readiness. Bob Moses died on a Sunday in Hollywood, Florida at age 86. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/murder-in-mississippi-freedom-summer-murders-informants-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Music Documentaries I Clapton Pink Floyd Zappa Glass Jazz MP4 DVD USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1937: #BOTD: #HBD! Philip Glass, American composer and pianist, is born Philip Morris Glass in Baltimore, Maryland to Lithuanian-Jewish parents. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century. Glass's work has been associated with minimalism, being built up from repetitive phrases and shifting layers. Glass describes himself as a composer of "music with repetitive structures", which he has helped evolve stylistically. Glass founded the Philip Glass Ensemble, with which he still performs on keyboards. He has written fifteen operas, numerous chamber operas and musical theatre works, fourteen symphonies, twelve concertos, eight string quartets and various other chamber music, and several film scores. Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/music-documentaries-dvd-clapton-pink-floyd-zappa-glass-jazz.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Battleline (1963) WWII TV Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1942: World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: The Malayan Campaign (The Malay Operation (Japanese: Maree Sakusen): -- Allied forces are defeated by the Japanese at the Battle Of Malaya and retreat to the island of Singapore, ending in a decisive victory for Japanese forces. The Malayan Campaign was a military campaign fought by Allied and Axis forces in Malaya, from December 8, 1941 to January 31, 1942. It was dominated by land battles between British Commonwealth army units, and the Imperial Japanese Army with minor skirmishes at the beginning of the campaign between British Commonwealth and Royal Thai Armed Forces. The Japanese had air and naval supremacy from the opening days of the campaign. For the British, Indian, Australian and Malayan forces defending the colony, the campaign was a total disaster. The operation is notable for the Japanese use of bicycle infantry, which allowed troops to carry more equipment and swiftly move through thick jungle terrain. Royal Engineers, equipped with demolition charges, destroyed over a hundred bridges during the retreat, yet this did little to delay the Japanese. By the time the Japanese had captured Singapore, they had suffered 9,800 casualties; Allied losses totaled 138,708, including 130,000 captured. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/battleline-wwii-tv-documentary-series-5-dual-layer-dvd5.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Battle Of Stalingrad DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1943: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Eastern Front Of World War II (The Great Patriotic War, The German-Soviet War): The Battle Of Stalingrad: -- German Field Marshal Friedrich von Paulus surrenders his forces and himself to the Soviets at Stalingrad, followed 2 days later by the remainder of his Sixth Army, marking the first great defeat of Hitler's armies and the end of history's largest and bloodiest battle. 160,000 Germans were killed and 90,000 taken prisoner, including Paulus, the first German field marshal ever to surrender. The 91,000 captured Germans were forced to march to Siberia, with only about 5% (5,000) surviving to return to Germany. The Battle Of Stalingrad (August 23, 1942 - February 2, 1943) was the largest confrontation both of World War II and of history, in which Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia. Marked by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, it remains the largest (nearly 2.2 million personnel) and bloodiest (1.8-2 million killed, wounded or captured) battle in the history of warfare. After their defeat at Stalingrad, the German High Command had to withdraw vast military forces from the Western Front to replace their losses. The German offensive to capture Stalingrad began in August 1942, using the 6th Army and elements of the 4th Panzer Army. The attack was supported by intense Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. The fighting degenerated into house-to-house fighting; both sides poured reinforcements into the city. By mid-November 1942, the Germans had pushed the Soviet defenders back at great cost into narrow zones along the west bank of the Volga River. On November 19, 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged attack targeting the weaker Romanian and Hungarian armies protecting the German 6th Army's flanks. The Axis forces on the flanks were overrun and the 6th Army was cut off and surrounded in the Stalingrad area. Adolf Hitler ordered that the army stay in Stalingrad and make no attempt to break out; instead, attempts were made to supply the army by air and to break the encirclement from the outside. Heavy fighting continued for another two months. By the beginning of February 1943, the Axis forces in Stalingrad had exhausted their ammunition and food. The remaining units of the 6th Army surrendered on February 2. The battle lasted five months, one week and three days. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/battle-of-stalingrad-dual-layer-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Attack In The Pacific (1945) + Eric Sevareid Bonus MP4 Download DVD

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1944: World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: The Gilbert and Marshall Islands Campaign: Operation Galvanic: The Battle Of Kwajalein: -- American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands as part of the victorious end of its Gilbert and Marshall Islands Campaign, a series of battles fought from November 1943 through February 1944. They were the first steps of the drive across the central Pacific by the United States Pacific Fleet and Marine Corps. The purpose was to establish airfields and naval bases that would allow air and naval support for upcoming operations across the Central Pacific. Operations Galvanic and Kourbash were the code names for the Gilberts campaign that included the seizures of Tarawa and Makin. Operations Flintlock and Catchpole were aimed at capturing Japanese Bases at Kwajalein, Eniwetok, and Majuro in the Marshall Islands. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/attack-in-the-pacific-dvd-1945-motion-pic1945.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Execution Of Private Slovik (1974) DVD, Video Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1945: #DOTD: #RIP: Eddie Slovik, U.S. Army private, the only American soldier to be court-martialled and executed for desertion since the American Civil War (b. February 18, 1920) #dies aged 24 when he is executed by a firing squad in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, France after being sentenced to death for desertion. He is buried at Woodmere Cemetery in Detroit, Michigan. He was born Edward Donald Slovik in Detroit, Michigan to a Catholic Polish-American family, the son of Anna and Josef Slowikowski. As a minor, he was a troublemaker and had contact with the police frequently. Slovik was first arrested at 12 years old when he and some friends broke into a foundry to steal brass. Between 1932 and 1937, he was arrested several times for offenses which included petty theft, breaking and entering, and disturbing the peace. In October 1937, he was sent to prison, but was paroled in September 1938. After stealing and crashing a car with two friends while drunk, he was sent back to prison in January 1939. In April 1942, Slovik was paroled once more. He then obtained a job at Montella Plumbing and Heating in Dearborn, Michigan. While working there, he met the woman who became his wife, Antoinette Wisniewski. She was working as a bookkeeper for Montella Plumbing's owner, James Montella. They married on November 7, 1942, and lived with her parents. Slovik's criminal record made him classified as morally unfit for duty in the U.S. military (4-F), but, shortly after the couple's first wedding anniversary, Slovik was reclassified as fit for duty (1-A) and subsequently drafted by the Army on January 3, 1944, from Detroit, Michigan. Although over 21,000 American soldiers were given varying sentences for desertion during World War II, including forty-nine death sentences, Slovik's death sentence was the only one that was carried out. During World War II, 1.7 million courts-martial were held, representing one third of all criminal cases tried in the United States during the same period. Most of the cases were minor, as were the sentences. Nevertheless, a clemency board, appointed by the Secretary of War in the summer of 1945, reviewed all general courts-martial where the accused was still in confinement. That Board remitted or reduced the sentence in 85 percent of the 27,000 serious cases reviewed. The death penalty was rarely imposed, and those cases typically were for rapes or murders. Slovik was the only soldier executed who had been convicted of a "purely military" offense. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-execution-of-private-slovik-dvd-world-war-ii.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: War And Peace In The Nuclear Age TV Series DVD, Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1950: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: Nuclear Arms Race: Nuclear Weapons Of The United States: The Presidency Of Harry S. Truman: Thermonuclear Weapons (Fusion Weapons, Hydrogen Bombs, H Bombs, H-Bombs): Thermonuclear Weapons Of The United States: -- American President Harry S. Truman announces a program to develop the hydrogen bomb. The Soviet Union's atomic bomb project progressed much faster than had been expected, and they detonated their first bomb on August 29, 1949. The idea of a thermonuclear fusion bomb ignited by a smaller fission bomb was first proposed by Enrico Fermi to his colleague Edward Teller in 1941 at the start of what would become the Manhattan Project. Teller spent most of the Manhattan Project attempting to figure out how to make the design work, to some degree neglecting his assigned work on the fission bomb program. His difficult and devil's advocate attitude in discussions led Robert Oppenheimer to sidetrack him and other "problem" physicists into the super program to smooth his way. On January 7, 1953, Truman announced the detonation of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, which was much more powerful than the Soviet Union's atomic weapons. The first full-scale thermonuclear test was carried out by the United States in 1952; the concept has since been employed by most of the world's nuclear powers in the design of their weapons. The design of all modern thermonuclear weapons in the United States is known as the Teller-Ulam configuration for its two chief contributors, Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam, who developed it in 1951 for the United States, with certain concepts developed with the contribution of physicist John von Neumann. Similar devices were developed by the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, and China. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/war-and-peace-in-the-nuclear-age-dvd-set-tv-series-7-disc7.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: One Small Step: The Space Race To Land A Man On The Moon DVD MP4 USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1958: Rocket Launches: Outer Space Firsts: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: The United States Space Program: Earth Satellites: Explorer 1: -- The first successful American satellite, Explorer 1, is successfully launched at 22:48 Eastern Time (February 1, 1958 at 03:47:56 GMT) atop the first Juno booster from Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida Launch Complex 26 (LC-26) as part of its participation in the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The mission followed the first two satellites the previous year; the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1 and 2, beginning the Cold War Space Race between the two nations. It was the first spacecraft to detect the Van Allen radiation belt, a zone of energetic charged particles, most of which originate from the solar wind that is captured by and held around a planet by that planet's magnetic field; the discovery of the belts is credited to James Van Allen, and as a result the Earth's belts are known as the Van Allen belts. Explorer 1 returned data until its batteries were exhausted after nearly four months. It remained in orbit until 1970, and has been followed by more than 90 scientific spacecraft in the Explorer series. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/one-small-step-the-space-race-to-land-a-man-on-the-moon-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Outer Space Films 1 Project Mercury Start To Finish DVD, Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1961: Rocket Launches: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Age: Space Programs Of The United States: Human Spaceflight Programs: Project Mercury: Mercury-Redstone 2 (MR-2): -- Ham, also known as Ham the Chimp and Ham The Astrochimp, becomes the first hominid to enter space when he is launched inside Mercury spacecraft No. 5 atop a Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle (Redstone MRLV MR-2) into a suborbital flight at 16:55 UTC from Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 5 (LC-5) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, the penultimate test flight of the Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle prior to the first crewed American space mission in Project Mercury, landing in the Atlantic Ocean 16 minutes and 39 seconds after launch. The results from his test flight led directly to the mission Alan Shepard made on May 5, 1961, aboard Freedom 7; accordingly, the next launch of a Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, as well as the next rocket launch at Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 5, was NASA's suborbital Mercury-Redstone 3 flight, which made Alan Shepard the first American in space. Ham (July 1957 - January 19, 1983) was named as an acronym for the laboratory that prepared him for his historic mission: the Holloman Aerospace Medical Center, located at Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico, southwest of Alamogordo. His name was also in honor of the commander of Holloman Aeromedical Laboratory, Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton "Ham" Blackshear. Ham was born in July 1957 in French Cameroon (now Cameroon), captured by animal trappers and sent to Rare Bird Farm in Miami, Florida. He was purchased by the United States Air Force and brought to Holloman Air Force Base in July 1959. There were originally 40 chimpanzee flight candidates at Holloman. After evaluation, the number of candidates was reduced to 18, then to six, including Ham. Officially, Ham was known as No. 65 before his flight, and only renamed "Ham" upon his successful return to Earth. This was reportedly because officials did not want the bad press that would come from the death of a "named" chimpanzee if the mission were a failure. Among his handlers, No. 65 had been known as "Chop Chop Chang". Beginning in July 1959, the two-year-old chimpanzee was trained under the direction of neuroscientist Joseph V. Brady at Holloman Air Force Base Aero Medical Field Laboratory to do simple, timed tasks in response to electric lights and sounds. During his pre-flight training, Ham was taught to push a lever within five seconds of seeing a flashing blue light; failure to do so resulted in an application of a light electric shock to the soles of his feet, while a correct response earned him a banana pellet. On January 31, 1961, Ham was secured in a Project Mercury mission designated MR-2 and launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on a suborbital flight. Ham's vital signs and tasks were monitored by sensors and computers on Earth. The capsule suffered a partial loss of pressure during the flight, but Ham's space suit prevented him from suffering any harm. Ham's lever-pushing performance in space was only a fraction of a second slower than on Earth, demonstrating that tasks could be performed in space. Ham's capsule splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean and was recovered by a rescue ship later that day. His only physical injury was a bruised nose. On April 5, 1963, Ham was transferred to the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. where he lived for 17 years before joining a small group of captive chimps at North Carolina Zoo on September 25, 1980. After his death on January 19, 1983, Ham's body was given to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology for necropsy. Following the necropsy, the plan was to have him stuffed and placed on display at the Smithsonian Institution, following Soviet precedent with pioneering space dogs Belka and Strelka. However, this plan was abandoned after a negative public reaction. Ham's remains, minus the skeleton, were buried at the International Space Hall of Fame in Alamogordo, New Mexico. Colonel John Stapp gave the eulogy at the memorial service. The skeleton is held in the collection of the National Museum of Health and Medicine. Ham's backup, Minnie, was the only female chimpanzee trained for the Mercury program. After her role in the Mercury program ended, Minnie became part of an Air Force chimpanzee breeding program, producing nine offspring and helping to raise the offspring of several other members of the chimpanzee colony. She was the last surviving astro-chimpanzee and died at age 41 on March 14, 1998. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/outer-space-films-1-project-mercury-start-to-finish-dv1.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: James Baldwin: The Price of the Ticket DVD, Video Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1963: First Publications: -- The Fire Next Time, a 1963 non-fiction book by James Baldwin, containing the two essay: "My Dungeon Shook: Letter to my Nephew on the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Emancipation" and "Down at the Cross: Letter from a Region of My Mind", considered by some one of the most influential books about race relations in the 1960s, is first published by Dial Press. The book's title comes from a couplet in some versions of "Mary Don't You Weep", an African-American spiritual. The same lyric has been used in another spiritual entitled "God Gave Noah the Rainbow Sign": "God gave Noah the rainbow sign | No more water, the fire next time". The first essay, written in the form of a letter to Baldwin's 14-year-old nephew, discusses the central role of race in American history. The second essay, which takes up the majority of the book, deals with the relations between race and religion, focusing in particular on Baldwin's experiences with the Christian church as a youth, as well as the Islamic ideas of others in Harlem. The two essays were first respectively published in American magazines in late 1962: "Letter from a Region in My Mind" in The New Yorker, and "My Dungeon Shook" in The Progressive. They were then combined and published in book form in 1963 by Dial Press, and in 1964 in Britain by Penguin Books. Critics greeted the book enthusiastically. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/james-baldwin-the-price-of-the-ticket-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: To The Moon: The Story In Sound Set CD, MP3 Download, USB Flash Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1966: Rocket Launches: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: Missions To The Moon: Space Probes: Lunar Space Probes: The Soviet Space Program: The Luna Programme (Pejorative: The Lunik Program): Outer Space Firsts: Luna 9 (Ye-6 No.13, Pejorative: Lunik 9): -- The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: Missions To The Moon: Space Probes: Lunar Space Probes: The Soviet Space Program: The Luna Programme (Pejorative: The Lunik Program): Outer Space Firsts: Luna 9 (Ye-6 No.13, Pejorative: Lunik 9): -- The Soviet Union launches Luna 9, the first spacecraft to achieve a survivable landing on a celestial body, at 22:55 GMT from the Baikonur Cosmodrome's Baikonur Site 31 (Site 31/6) in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic atop a Molniya-M 8K78M (R-7 Semyorka) rocket, serial number 103-32, as part of the Soviet Union's Luna program, a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. The lander had a mass of 99 kilograms (218 lb). It used a landing bag to survive the impact speed of 22 kilometres per hour (14 mph). It was a hermetically sealed container with radio equipment, a program timing device, heat control systems, scientific apparatus, power sources, and a television system. The first three stages of the four-stage carrier rocket injected the payload and fourth stage into low Earth orbit, at an altitude of 168 by 219 kilometres (104 by 136 mi) and an inclination of 51.8 dg. The fourth stage, a Blok-L, then fired to raise the perigee of the orbit to a new apogee approximately 500,000 kilometres (310,000 mi), before deploying Luna 9 into a highly elliptical geocentric orbit. For thermal control, the spacecraft then spun itself up to 0.67 rpm using nitrogen jets. On February 1 at 19:29 GMT, a mid-course correction took place involving a 48-second burn and resulting in a delta-v of 71.2 metres per second (234 ft/s). At an altitude of 8,300 kilometres (5,200 mi) from the Moon, the spacecraft was oriented for the firing of its retrorockets and its spin was stopped in preparation for landing. From this moment the orientation of the spacecraft was supported by measurements of directions to the Sun and the Earth using an optomechanical system. At 74.885 kilometres (46.531 mi) above the lunar surface, the radar altimeter triggered the jettison of the side modules, the inflation of the airbags and the firing of the retro rockets. Approximately at 250 metres (820 ft) from the surface, the main retrorocket was turned off by the integrator of an acceleration having reached the planned velocity of the braking manoeuver. The four outrigger engines were used to slow the craft. Approximately 5 metres (16 ft) above the lunar surface, a contact sensor touched the ground triggering the engines to be shut down and the landing capsule to be ejected. The craft landed at 22 kilometres per hour (14 mph). The spacecraft bounced several times before coming to rest in Oceanus Procellarum west of Reiner and Marius craters at approximately 7.08 N, 64.37 W on February 3, 1966 at 18:45:30 GMT. The spacecraft was developed in the design bureau then known as OKB-1, under Chief Designer Sergei Korolev (who had died before the launch). The first 11 Luna missions were unsuccessful for a variety of reasons. At that time the project was transferred to Lavochkin design bureau since OKB-1 was busy with a manned expedition to the Moon. Luna 9 was the twelfth attempt at a soft-landing by the Soviet Union; it was also the first successful deep space probe built by the Lavochkin design bureau, which ultimately would design and build almost all Soviet (later Russian) lunar and interplanetary spacecraft. All operations prior to landing occurred without fault, and the 58 centimetres (23 in) spheroid ALS capsule landed on the Moon at 18:45:30 GMT on February 3, 1966 west of the craters Reiner and Marius in the Ocean of Storms (at 7_8' north latitude and 64_22' west longitude). Approximately five minutes after touchdown, Luna 9 began transmitting data to Earth, but it was seven hours (after the Sun had climbed to 7_ elevation) before the probe began sending the first of nine images (including five panoramas) of the surface of the Moon. Approximately 250 seconds after landing in the Oceanus Procellarum, four petals that covered the top half of the spacecraft opened outward for increased stability. The television camera system began a photographic survey of the lunar environment. Seven radio sessions with a total of 8 hours and 5 minutes were transmitted, as well as three series of TV pictures. After assembly the photographs gave a panoramic view of the immediate lunar surface, comprising views of nearby rocks and of the horizon, 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) away. The pictures from Luna 9 were not released immediately by the Soviet authorities, but scientists at Jodrell Bank Observatory in England, which was monitoring the craft, noticed that the signal format used was identical to the internationally agreed Radiofax system used by newspapers for transmitting pictures. The Daily Express rushed a suitable receiver to the Observatory and the pictures from Luna 9 were decoded and published worldwide. The BBC speculated that the spacecraft's designers deliberately fitted the probe with equipment conforming to the standard, to enable reception of the pictures by Jodrell Bank. The radiation detector, the only scientific instrument on board, measured dosage of 30 millirads (0.3 milligrays) per day. The mission also determined that a spacecraft would not sink into the lunar dust; that the ground could support a lander. The last contact with the spacecraft was at 22:55 GMT on February 6, 1966. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/to-the-moon-the-story-in-sound-complete-6-album-set-mp3-63.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Vietnam: The Ten Thousand Day War TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1968: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: The Indochina Wars: The Vietnam War (The Second Indochina War, The Vietnam Conflict, The Resistance War Against America): The United States In The Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive: Phase 1 Of The Tet Offensive: -- Viet Cong guerrillas and regular North Vietnames PAVN forces launch a surprise attack at 03:00 against the United States embassy in Saigon as well as a multitude of other targets throughout South Vietnam -- in Saigon, Cholon, and Gia Dinh in the Capital Military District; Quang Tri, Hue, Quang Tin, Tam Ky and Quang Ngai, as well as U.S. bases at Phu Bai and Chu Lai in I Corps; Phan Thiet, Tuy Hoa and U.S. installations at Bong Son and An Khe in II Corps; and Can Tho and Vinh Long in IV Corps -- attacks which would later be collectively referred to as The Tet Offensive, one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War. Officially called by the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong "The General Offensive And Uprising Of Tet Mau Than 1968", the Tet Offensive was launched by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam against the forces of the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam, the United States Armed Forces, and their allies. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam. The name of the offensive comes from the Tet holiday, the Vietnamese New Year, when the first major attacks took place. The offensive was launched prematurely in the late night hours of January 30 in the I and II Corps Tactical Zones of South Vietnam. This early attack allowed South Vietnamese and US forces some time to prepare defensive measures. When the main North Vietnamese operation began the next morning, the offensive was countrywide and well coordinated; eventually more than 80,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops struck more than 100 towns and cities, including 36 of 44 provincial capitals, five of the six autonomous cities, 72 of 245 district towns, and the southern capital. The offensive was the largest military operation conducted by either side up to that point in the war. Hanoi had launched the offensive in the belief that the offensive would trigger a popular uprising leading to the collapse of the South Vietnamese government. Although the initial attacks stunned both the U.S. and South Vietnamese armies, causing them to lose control of several cities temporarily, they quickly regrouped, beat back the attacks, and inflicted heavy casualties on North Vietnamese and Vietcong forces. The popular uprising anticipated by Hanoi never eventuated. During the Battle of Hu?, intense fighting lasted for a month, resulting in the destruction of the city. During their occupation, the North Vietnamese executed thousands of people in the Massacre at Hu?. Around the U.S. combat base at Khe Sanh, fighting continued for two more months. The offensive was a military defeat for North Vietnam though General Westmoreland reported that defeating the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong would require 200,000 more American soldiers and activation of the reserves, prompting even loyal supporters of the war to see that the current war strategy required re-evaluation. The offensive had a strong effect on the U.S. government and shocked the U.S. public, which had been led to believe by its political and military leaders that the North Vietnamese were being defeated and incapable of launching such an ambitious military operation; American public support for the war soon declined and the U.S. sought negotiations to end the war. The term "Tet Offensive" usually refers to the January-February 1968 offensive, but it can also include the so-called "Mini-Tet" offensive that took place in May and the Phase III Offensive in August, or the 21 weeks of unusually intense combat which followed the initial attacks in January. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/vietnam-the-10000-day-war-4-dual-layer-dvds-all-13-10000413.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic Movie Trailers & Drive-In Movie Ads DVD, Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: National Hot Chocolate Day: -- Each year on January 31st, National Hot Chocolate Day warms up people across the country by celebrating the timeless cold-weather beverage. Hot chocolate is a warm beverage made with ground chocolate, heated milk or water, and sugar. In America, we often use the terms hot chocolate and hot cocoa interchangeably. However, the two beverages are different. We make hot cocoa with cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and sugar. We're able to do this thanks to a process developed by father and son chemists. For the thicker, more flavorful beverage, we make hot chocolate from ground chocolate containing cocoa butter. It is also called drinking chocolate. Hot chocolate has also been around longer than hot cocoa. In the early 1800s, Casparus van Houten Sr. developed a process to separate the cocoa solids from the butter. His son, Coenraad Johannes made those fats more soluble in water. Together their processes made cocoa powder possible. But before then, everyone drank hot chocolate. This thicker, creamier beverage often offered medicinal benefits for stomach ailments during the 19th century. In fact, long before the beverage's popularity in Victorian times, it served in ceremonial culture. However, humans have been drinking chocolate for a long time. The Mayans likely created the first chocolate beverage 2000 years ago. The Aztecs also included a cocoa beverage as an essential part of their culture by 1400 AD. When Europeans began exploring Central and South America, explorers brought chocolate and the beverage back with them to Europe from Mexico. Hot chocolate can be enjoyed in a variety of combinations, topped with whipped cream or marshmallows. Sometimes a sprinkle of cinnamon or a dash of peppermint makes the chocolate extra special. In the United States, many people enjoy an instant form of hot chocolate. It is made with hot water or milk and a packet containing mostly cocoa powder, sugar, and dry milk. There are health benefits to drinking hot chocolate. Cocoa contains significant amounts of antioxidants that may help prevent cancer. Studies have shown the flavonoids in chocolate may have a positive effect on arterial health and memory. Make some hot chocolate. Add a variety of toppings. Invite a friend to join you for hot chocolate. Sample different flavors of hot chocolate. Taste the difference between hot chocolate and hot cocoa. Take a photo and use #NationalHotChocolateDay to post on social media! On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-movie-trailers-and-drivein-movie-ads-dvds-2-disc-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Historical View A Legacy In Pictures JPG Image Set CD Download USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: Chronology: Calendars: The Months Of The Year: -- January ends, first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the latter being the most widely used calendar in the world. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa. Ancient Roman observances during this month include Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three Agonalia, Fasti Praenestini, celebrated January 9, and Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Cervula or Cervulus was a Roman festival celebrated on the Kalends (first day of the month) of January. According to Chambers (1864), remnants seem to have been incorporated into a medieval Christian Feast of the Ass (Festum Asinorum), which honors the role of donkeys in the Bible, including the Flight into Egypt. Juvenalia, also known as Ludi Juvenales, were scenic games instituted by Nero in 59 AD, at the age of 21, in commemoration of his shaving his beard for the first time, thus indicating that he had passed from youth into manhood. These games were not celebrated in the circus, but in a private theatre erected in a pleasure-ground (nemus), and consisted of every kind of theatrical performance, Greek and Roman plays, mimetic pieces, and the like. On January 9, Fasti Praenestini, one of the three Agonium (the others being May 21 and December 11), is celebrated, albeit in mutilated form. In Ovid's poem on the Roman calendar, he calls it once the Dies Agonalis ("agonal day") and elsewhere the Agonalia, and offers a number of etymologies of varied plausibility. Festus explains the word agonia as an archaic Latin term for hostia, a sacrificial victim. Augustine of Hippo thought the Romans had a god named Agonius, who might then have been the god of the Colline part of the city. The sacrificial offering of The Agonalia was a ram (aries), the usual victim sacrificed to the guardian gods of the state. The presiding priest was The Rex Sacrificulus (Latin: "King Of Little Sacrifices"), a patrician senator priest. The site of the sacrifice was The Regia (Latin: "Royal House"), a two-part structure in Ancient Rome along the Via Sacra at the edge of the Roman Forum that originally served as the residence or one of the main headquarters of kings of Rome and later as the office of the Pontifex Maximus, the highest religious official of Rome. It occupied a triangular patch of terrain between The Temple Of Vesta, The Temple Of Divus Julius and Temple Of Antoninus And Faustina. Both The Rex Sacrificulus and The Regia could only be employed for ceremonies connected with the highest gods that affected the wellbeing of the whole state; however, the purpose of this festival was so obscure that it was disputed even among the ancients themselves. January corresponds partly to the month of Nivose and partly to the month of Pluviose of The French Republican Calendar. January's birthstone is the garnet, which represents constancy.Its birth flower is the cottage pink Dianthus Caryophyllus (Red Carnation), Galanthus (Snowdrop) or traditional Carnation. The zodiac signs are Capricorn (until January 19) and Aquarius (January 20 onwards). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-historical-view-a-legacy-in-pictures-jpg-photo-cd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old Time Radio Comedy MegaSet MP3 Collection DVD, Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: International Zebra Day: -- With their natural environment diminishing and increasing human development, these gentle animals are in danger. When habitats are threatened, animals, too, become endangered. International Zebra Day is all about raising awareness and what you can do to help in the conservation of this animal. Zebras are mostly found on the African continent, in the semi-desert areas of Kenya and Ethiopia, and the hilly areas of Namibia, Angola, and South Africa. You can easily identify a zebra by its unique black and white stripes. International Zebra Day was most likely founded by a consortium of conservation organizations such as the Smithsonian's National Zoo and the Conservation Biology Institute. International Zebra Day aims to help raise awareness about the living conditions of zebras and how their numbers can be protected from further decline. Presently, three types of zebra can be found in the wild. They are the Grevy's zebra, plains zebra, and the mountain zebra. Although the Grevy's zebra, found in the northern regions of Kenya and are extremely rare, they are an endangered variety having suffered a loss of more than 54% of its total population. The loss has occurred rapidly in the last three decades because of zebras being poached for their hides and pelts. Zebras are found in the African Savannah where their natural habitat has been well preserved and not all zebras are in danger of disappearing. The other two subspecies of zebra are less endangered than the Grevy's zebra. Plains zebras are thriving and don't face threats of endangerment. The mountain zebra lives in South Africa, Angola, and Namibia. Along with the dangers of poaching, these zebras are also in danger from locals who might hunt them for meat when the going gets tough. Zebras have been battling many concerns regarding preserving their population. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/old-time-radio-comedy-mp3-dvd-megaset-2-dis32.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Cable Age Classics III DVD, Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: Appreciate Your Social Security Check Day: -- Celebrates the checks that are sent out for social welfare across America. Apart from commemorating the actual benefits themselves, this day also celebrates the workers who ensure that the welfare recipient receives his or her benefits. If you are someone receiving this benefit, take a moment to appreciate the help. Initially, the world had small guilds - groups of like-minded individuals or trade persons who banded together for economic and work security. Around the 15th century, the state began to assume responsibility for the economic security of English citizens. Believing that this problem primarily affected those not financially strong enough, they dubbed the subsequent laws 'Poor Laws'. When these English citizens spread around the 'New World,' they took their ideas and customs with them, including the 'Poor Laws'. The first American colonial poor laws were fashioned on the originals. While help existed, no formal public institution existed for almost an entire century. Social Security was around long before America adopted this system. In the 16th century, Revolutionary War figure Thomas Paine proposed a scheme for retirement security. He was one of the first people in the world to do so. In the 20th century, entrepreneur and politician Dudley J. LeBlanc proposed a monthly stipend for the elderly in his campaign while running for governor of Louisiana. He went on to adopt this into his national platform too, after seeing its popularity with voters. By this time, America was in the grips of the Great Depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a plan to provide Social Security to the American public. He sent a message announcing the same to Congress on June 8, 1934, and asked them to create a committee for studying the economic problem and providing recommendations. Six months later, they presented a detailed proposal to the President and it was passed in August 1935. America now had a Social Security Act. Initially, this act was mostly providing aid to retired workers. This was amended in 1939, and dependents were eligible to receive benefits too. This began the transformation of the Social Security Act from a program for workers to a family-based economic welfare program. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-cable-age-classics-iii-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: An Open Mind Special March 4, 1933 FDR Inauguration DVD, Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: Hug An Economist Day: -- The U.S. celebrates Hug An Economist Day on January 31 each year. Now, it's obvious this day was meant to show your affection for economists, but we like to think it also encourages us to learn more about economics and how it affects us. Unfortunately, we don't know much more about this day, like who initiated these celebrations or when they began. For now, this might be an unofficial holiday, but we urge you to celebrate officially and with gusto! Since ancient times, man has been trying to figure out how money (or currency, as it were) shaped the world. The Ancient Greeks spent time on this subject and the 15th and 16th centuries are full of literature about economics and what it means. But the separation of economics from other studies, marking it as a unique field, came about in the 16th century. A Scottish philosopher, Adam Smith, had published a book just when Britain was set to lose much of its older empire. This book, "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," was the founding of the famous then-brand-new school of thought - classical economics. The next century was marked by new economic thinking and many economists devoted their efforts towards figuring out how resources were allocated. Of course, back then, the profession was only a hobby for gentlemen of leisure. Very few academics chose this vocation. While economists wrote about economic policy, they were rarely, if ever, consulted with by legislators on economic matters. The post-World War II world looked very different, even for economics. For one, mathematics had begun to influence economic theory. Then, all empirical research studies began to get more sophisticated; even involving statistical testing of economic predictions. By the 20th century, economics and economists had further changed the way the world perceived wealth. Interest turned to less-developed nations, and economic planning was created to lessen the gap between rich and poor countries. This transformation brought a new wave of thinking. Today, most governments, large agencies, and even commercial banks have their own group of economists to advise them, and they influence multiple sectors. The future remains uncertain but what is certain is that economics will remain a vital branch of knowledge forever. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/open-mind-fdr-inauguration-march-4-1933-30-years-la4193330.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Who Live At Long Beach Arena 1971 MP3 CD Audio Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31: Amartithi (Deathless Day): -- January 31, 1969: #DOTD: #RIP: Meher Baba, Indian spiritual master who claimed he was an Avatar (God in human form) (b. February 25, 1894) #dies at his home in Meherazad, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, aged 74. He conveyed by his last gestures, "Do not forget that I am God." In time, his devotees called the anniversary of his death Amartithi (deathless day). Meher Baba's body was placed at his samadi (shrine/tomb) at Meherabad, covered with roses and cooled by ice. His body was kept available to the public for one week before its final burial. His samadhi has become a place of international pilgrimage. Prior to his death, Meher Baba had made extensive preparations for a public darshan program to be held in Poona. His mandali decided to proceed with the arrangements despite the absence of the host. Several thousand attended this "Last Darshan," including many hundreds from the United States, Europe, and Australia. Born Merwan Sheriar Irani in 1894 in Poona, India, to Irani Zoroastrian parents, his spiritual transformation began when he was 19 years old and lasted for seven years. During this time he contacted five spiritual teachers before beginning his own mission and gathering his own disciples in early 1922, at the age of 27. From July 10, 1925 to the end of his life, Meher Baba maintained silence, communicating by means of an alphabet board or by unique hand gestures. With his mandali (circle of disciples), he spent long periods in seclusion, during which time he often fasted. He also traveled widely, held public gatherings, and engaged in works of charity with lepers and the poor. In 1931, Meher Baba made the first of many visits to the West, where he attracted followers. Throughout most of the 1940s, Meher Baba worked with a category of spiritual aspirants called masts, who he said are entranced or spellbound by internal spiritual experiences. Starting in 1949, along with selected mandali, he traveled incognito about India in an enigmatic and still largely unexplained period he called the "New Life". After being injured as a passenger in two serious automobile accidents, one near Prague, Oklahoma in the United States in 1952 and one in India in 1956, his ability to walk became severely limited. In 1962, he invited his Western followers to India for a mass darshan called "The East-West Gathering". Concerned by an increasing use of LSD and other psychedelic drugs, in 1966 Baba stated that they did not convey real benefits. Despite deteriorating health, he continued what he called his "Universal Work", which included fasting and seclusion, until his death on 31 January 1969. His samadhi (shrine/tomb) in Meherabad, India, has become a place of international pilgrimage. Meher Baba gave numerous teachings on the cause and purpose of life, including teaching reincarnation and that the phenomenal world is an illusion. He taught that the Universe is imagination, that God is what really exists, and that each soul is really God passing through imagination to realize individually his own divinity. In addition he gave practical advice for the aspirant who wishes to attain God-realization and thereby escape the wheel of births and deaths. He also taught about the concept of Perfect Masters, the Avatar, and those on the various stages of the spiritual path that he called involution. His most important teachings are recorded in his principal books Discourses and God Speaks. His legacy includes the Avatar Meher Baba Charitable Trust he established in India, a handful of centres for information and pilgrimage, as well as an influence on pop-culture artists and the introduction of common expressions such as "Don't Worry, Be Happy." Meher Baba's silence has remained a mysterious issue among some of his followers. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-who-live-at-long-beach-arena-1971-m19713.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Buffalo Soldiers African American Soldier History DVD, MP4, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1904: #DOTD: #RIP: Henry Johnson, African American and Buffalo Soldier, Medal Of Honor receipient for his actions in the Indian Wars (b. June 11, 1850) #dies of undisclosed causes in Washington, D.C., aged 53. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia, in section 23, lot 16547. Henry Johnson was born in Boydton, Virginia. In 1866, he enlisted in the Army at Detroit, Michigan as an original member of F Troop of the 10th Cavalry. He fought with the 10th against the Cheyenne on the Republican River. Johnson joined D Troop of the 9th Cavalry in June 1877, where the troop was stationed at Fort Wallace. The troop was patrolling southern Colorado at the time of the Meeker Massacre. On September 29, 1879, a group of Ute warriors, led by Chief Colorow ambushed a group of around 175 soldiers and militiamen from Fort Steele near Milk Creek. At the same time, the Utes also killed the Indian agent and his white employees at the Ute reservation nearby. The troops near the creek created a perimeter around their wagons with dead animals while their remaining animals were picked off by the Utes. Captain Francis Dodge, Sergeant Johnson, and D Troop arrived on October 2, 1879, and were able to enter the encampment without being shot at. For the next three days, D Troop's animals were picked off, leaving only four wounded horses. Johnson was charged with the responsibility of securing the outposts for the defense for the encampment, and under heavy fire from the Utes, made the rounds to meet with his men. On October 5, five troops from the 5th Cavalry arrived shortly after the Ute attackers dispersed. Johnson was awarded the Medal Of Honor at Fort Robinson on September 22, 1890, for his actions during the Battle of Milk Creek against the Ute Indians from October 2-5, 1879 in Colorado. His Medal Of Honor citation reads: "Voluntarily left fortified shelter and under heavy fire at close range made the rounds of the pits to instruct the guards, fought his way to the creek and back to bring water to the wounded." At the time of the awarding, he was a private. He had been promoted to sergeant for the third time in 1889, but was demoted after tangling with a bartender at Fort Robinson. Johnson was a sergeant in Company D. He was cited for twice leaving his position under heavy fire, first to check on his men, then, on October 4, going to the nearby Milk River to obtain water for them. However, some have questioned whether he was under fire when he went for water. Shortly after the 5th Cavalry arrived on October 5, 1879, Johnson and D Troop of the 9th Cavalry headed to New Mexico and spent the next two years fighting the Apaches in Victorio's War. He was discharged in January 1883 at Fort Riley. Johnson reenlisted two months later with the 10th Cavalry and was stationed at Fort Grant to once again fight the Apaches. After this five-year enlistment ended in 1888, he rejoined the 9th Cavalry in K Troop. K Troop patrolled the Pine Ridge Sioux Reservation for four months in the winter of 1890-1891 before it was moved to Fort Myer in Virginia. K Troop returned to Fort Robinson in 1893. Johnson's final five-year enlistment with K Troop ended in 1898, before the troop was sent to Cuba for the Spanish-American War. He retired that same year to Washington, D.C.. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-buffalo-soldiers-dvd-african-american-soldier-history-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Outer Space Films 5: Apollo Moon Exploration Films DVD, Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1971: Rocket Launches: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: Space Programs Of The United States: Human Spaceflight Programs: Missions To The Moon: Project Apollo: Apollo 14: -- Astronauts Alan Shepard, Stuart Roosa, and Edgar Mitchell, are launched at 21:03:02 UTC from The Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) atop a Saturn V launch vehile for a moon landing mission on the Fra Mauro Highlands. Apollo 14 was the eighth manned mission in the United States Apollo program, and the third to land on the Moon. It was the last of the "H missions," targeted landings with two-day stays on the Moon with two lunar EVAs, or moonwalks. Commander Alan Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa, and Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell launched on their nine-day mission on January 31, 1971 at 4:04:02 p.m. local time after a 40-minute, 2 second delay due to launch site weather restrictions, the first such delay in the Apollo program. Shepard and Mitchell made their lunar landing on February 5 in the Fra Mauro formation - originally the target of the aborted Apollo 13 mission. During the two lunar EVAs, 42.80 kilograms (94.35 lb) of Moon rocks were collected, and several scientific experiments were performed. Shepard hit two golf balls on the lunar surface with a makeshift club he had brought with him. Shepard and Mitchell spent 33 1/2 hours on the Moon, with almost 9 1/2 hours of EVA. In the aftermath of Apollo 13, several modifications had been made to the Service Module electrical power system to prevent a repeat of that accident, including a redesign of the oxygen tanks and the addition of a third tank. While Shepard and Mitchell were on the surface, Roosa remained in lunar orbit aboard the Command/Service Module Kitty Hawk, performing scientific experiments and photographing the Moon, including the landing site of the future Apollo 16 mission. He took several hundred seeds on the mission, many of which were germinated on return, resulting in the so-called Moon trees. Shepard, Roosa, and Mitchell splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on February 9. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/outer-space-films-5-apollo-moon-exploration-dv5.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: General William Westmoreland Biography Documentary DVD MP4 USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1968: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: The Indochina Wars: The Vietnam War (The Second Indochina War, The Vietnam Conflict, The Resistance War Against America): The Tet Offensive: -- Viet Cong guerrillas attack the United States embassy in Saigon, and other attacks, in the early morning hours, later grouped together as the Tet Offensive. Officially called by the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong "The General Offensive and Uprising of Tet Mau Than 1968", the Tet Offensive was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam against the forces of the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam, the United States Armed Forces, and their allies. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam. The name of the offensive comes from the Tet holiday, the Vietnamese New Year, when the first major attacks took place. The offensive was launched prematurely in the late night hours of January 30 in the I and II Corps Tactical Zones of South Vietnam. This early attack allowed South Vietnamese and US forces some time to prepare defensive measures. When the main North Vietnamese operation began the next morning, the offensive was countrywide and well coordinated; eventually more than 80,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops struck more than 100 towns and cities, including 36 of 44 provincial capitals, five of the six autonomous cities, 72 of 245 district towns, and the southern capital. The offensive was the largest military operation conducted by either side up to that point in the war. Hanoi had launched the offensive in the belief that the offensive would trigger a popular uprising leading to the collapse of the South Vietnamese government. Although the initial attacks stunned both the U.S. and South Vietnamese armies, causing them to lose control of several cities temporarily, they quickly regrouped, beat back the attacks, and inflicted heavy casualties on North Vietnamese and Vietcong forces. The popular uprising anticipated by Hanoi never eventuated. During the Battle of Hu?, intense fighting lasted for a month, resulting in the destruction of the city. During their occupation, the North Vietnamese executed thousands of people in the Massacre at Hu?. Around the U.S. combat base at Khe Sanh, fighting continued for two more months. The offensive was a military defeat for North Vietnam though General Westmoreland reported that defeating the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong would require 200,000 more American soldiers and activation of the reserves, prompting even loyal supporters of the war to see that the current war strategy required re-evaluation. The offensive had a strong effect on the U.S. government and shocked the U.S. public, which had been led to believe by its political and military leaders that the North Vietnamese were being defeated and incapable of launching such an ambitious military operation; American public support for the war soon declined and the U.S. sought negotiations to end the war. The term "Tet Offensive" usually refers to the January-February 1968 offensive, but it can also include the so-called "Mini-Tet" offensive that took place in May and the Phase III Offensive in August, or the 21 weeks of unusually intense combat which followed the initial attacks in January. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/general-william-westmoreland-biography-documentary-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Churchill In His Own Voice LP Record Album Set MP3, DVD, Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1966: #DOTD: #RIP: Arthur Percival, English general who saw service in the First World War and built a successful military career during the interwar period, most noted for his defeat during World War II as commander of British Commonwealth forces during the Japanese Malayan Campaign and the subsequent Battle Of Singapore (b. December 26, 1887) #dies at the age of 78 in King Edward VII's Hospital for Officers, Beaumont Street in Westminster, and is buried in the churchyard at Widford in Hertfordshire. He was born Arthur Ernest Percival in Aspenden Lodge, Aspenden near Buntingford in Hertfordshire, England, the second son of Alfred Reginald and Edith Percival (nee Miller). His father was the Land Agent of the Hamel's Park estate and his mother came from a Lancashire cotton family. Lieutenant-General Arthur Ernest Percival, CB, DSO & Bar, OBE, MC, OStJ, DL was loathe to surrender to the invading Imperial Japanese Army force, the largest surrender in British military history, as he knew it would undermine Britain's prestige as an imperial power in East Asia. British prime minister Winston Churchill called the British defeat the "worst disaster" in British military history. Percival's defenders have argued correctly that the under-funding of Malaya's defences, the hoarding of British military allocations for use in the European theatre of the war, and the inexperienced, under-equipped nature of the Commonwealth army in Singapore were the manifest reasons for the defeat, not Percival's leadership. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/churchill-in-his-own-voice-double-record-album-mp3-c3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC Radio Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1949: #BOTD: #HBD! Jamie Lyons, lead singer of The Music Explosion (d. September 25, 2006) is #born James Lewis Lyons in Galion, Ohio. The Music Explosion was an American garage rock band from Mansfield, Ohio, United States, discovered and signed by record producers Jerry Kasenetz and Jeffry Katz. The quintet is best known for their number two hit, "Little Bit O' Soul", that received gold record status by the RIAA. Written by John Carter and Ken Lewis, who had previously written big hits for The Ivy League and Herman's Hermits, the song (Laurie Records No. 3380, subsequently reissued on Buddah Records) was the band's only top 40 hit. This single paved the way for tours with contemporaries like The Left Banke and The Easybeats. Jamie Lyons also recorded several solo singles on the Laurie label while still recording with the group. His first single, "Soul Struttin'", became a Northern soul hit. Lyons died of heart failure at his home in Little River, South Carolina at age 57. The band continued touring in festivals with a new lead singer. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/wabc-musicradio-shows-mp3-dvd-60s80s-am-360807775.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1985: #DOTD: #RIP: Barbara Cowsill, mother and member of the 1960s bubble gum rock group "The Cowsills" for whom she sang backup vocals, inspiration for the character Shirley Partridge, the widowed mother of five children in the musical situation-comedy television series The Partridge Family, acted by Shirley Jones (b. July 12, 1928 #dies of emphysema in Tempe, Arizona, aged 56. She had been a heavy smoker since the age of 15. Her remains were cremated, and her ashes scattered at sea (presumably the Pacific Ocean). Barbara Cowsill was born Barbara Claire Russell in Cranston, Rhode Island. In 1946, she married William 'Bud' Cowsill, the father of her seven children, six of whom became members of The Cowsills: Bob, Susan, Paul, John, Bill and Barry Cowsill; a seventh child, Bob's fraternal twin brother Richard, was never part of the band during its heyday, although he occasionally appeared with them in later years. A producer from MGM Records talked her into singing with her children on what was to become the hit single "The Rain, the Park, and Other Things," and this resulted in her becoming a permanent member of the band. The band broke up in 1971. #BarbaraCowsill. #Singers #BubbleGumFock #TheCowsills #Cowsills #ShirleyPartridge #ThePartridgeFamily #PartridgeFamily #BubbleGumMusic #BubbleGumRock #BubbleGumPop #PopMusic #MP3 #AudioDownload #DVD On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/dj-radio-airchecks-mp3-dvd-1950s60s70s-dis319506070.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Hollywood (1980) Silent Movie History Series DVD, Video Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1974: #DOTD: #RIP: Samuel Goldwyn, Polish-American film producer, co-founded Goldwyn Pictures (claimed b. August 27, 1882; most likely July 1879) #dies at his home in Los Angeles aged 91. He is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park cemetery in Glendale, Los Angeles County, California. Born Szmuel Gelbfisz, also known as Samuel Goldfish, he was most well known for being the founding contributor and executive of several motion picture studios in Hollywood, most famously Goldwyn Pictures film studio. On April 10, 1924, Goldwyn Pictures was acquired by Marcus Loew and merged into his Metro Pictures Corporation. Despite the inclusion of his name, Goldwyn had no role in the management or production at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. His awards include the 1973 Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award in 1947, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1958. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/hollywood-1980-tv-documentary-series-13-shows-4-dual-lay1980134.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WWII Films: Homefront U.S.A. Collection DVD, Video Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1915: #BOTD: #HBD! Garry Moore, American entertainer, comedic personality, game show host, and humorist best known for his work in television, named one of the 15 greatest game-show hosts of all time by Time magazine (d. November 28, 1993) is #born Thomas Garrison Morfi in Baltimore, Maryland. He began a long career with the CBS network starting in radio in 1937. Beginning in 1949 and through the mid-1970s, Moore was a television host on several variety and game shows. After dropping out of high school, Moore found success first as a radio host and later moved to the medium of television. He hosted several daytime and prime time programs titled The Garry Moore Show, and the game shows I've Got a Secret and To Tell the Truth. He was instrumental in furthering the career of comedic actress Carol Burnett. He became known early in his career for his bow ties and his crew cut fashion. After being diagnosed with throat cancer in 1976, Moore retired from the broadcasting industry, making only a few rare television appearances. He spent the last years of his life in Hilton Head, South Carolina and at his summer home in Northeast Harbor in Maine. Garry Moore died of emphysema at Hilton Head, South Carolina at the age of 78. He is buried in Forest Hill Cemetery in Northeast Harbor, Maine. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/wwii-films-homefront-usa-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Outsider 1961 Tony Curtis WWII Hero Ira Hayes DVD, Download, USB

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1934: #BOTD: #HBD! James Franciscus, American feature film and television actor (d. July 8, 1991) is #born James Grover Franciscus in Clayton, Missouri. He was best known for his roles in six television series, such as Mr. Novak, The Naked City, The Investigators, Longstreet, Doc Elliot, and Hunter, and films from 1957 to 1985, such as I Passed for White (1960), The Outsider (1961), Marooned (1969), Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970) and the voice of Jonathan Livingston Seagull (1973). Franciscus received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and theatre arts from Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where he graduated magna cum laude. He was a classmate of Dick Cavett and Bill Hinnant. He also guest-starred on Combat!, The F.B.I. and Miracle of the White Stallions. On March 28, 1960, Franciscus married Kathleen "Kitty" Wellman, the daughter of film director William A. Wellman, who directed Wings, the first film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony. They had four children-Jamie, Kellie, Korie, and Jolie. After the couple's divorce he married Carla Ankney in 1980. They were still married at the time James Franciscus died of emphysema in North Hollywood, California, at age 57. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-outsider-1961-dvd-tony-curtis-as-ira-hayes-iwo-jima-1961.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Almonds And Raisins: A History Of Yiddish Cinema DVD, MP4, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1979: #DOTD: #RIP: Celia Adler, Yiddish American actress, known as "The First Lady Of The Yiddish Theatre" (b. December 6, 1889) #dies in her home town of New York City of a stroke, aged 89. She is buried in the Yiddish Theatre Section of Mount Hebron Cemetery in New York City. Celia Feinman Adler was born Tzirele Adler to Jacob Adler and Dinah Shtettin, both actors in the Yiddish theater. From a young age, she was referred to as Celia. She was the half-sister of Stella Adler, Luther Adler, and Jacob Adler's five other children. Unlike Stella and Luther, who became well known for their work with the Group Theater and their film work and as theorists of the craft of acting, she was almost exclusively a stage actress. Celia's mother, Dinah Shtettin, was the second wife of Jacob Adler, whose first wife had died. The couple had met and married in London, and they arrived in the United States from there shortly before Celia's birth. They divorced when Celia was a young child when Adler eloped with Sara Heine, although they continued to work together in the theater. Shtettin subsequently married the actor and playwright Sigmund Feinman, and Celia was raised by her mother and stepfather. Needing work, Shtettin continued to work with Adler's troupe and brought Celia onstage as a prop as young as six months old. When Celia was four, she acted in The Yiddish King Lear alongside her father and step-mother, in a role playwright Jacob Gordin had written specifically for her. Celia used her stepfather's last name when she was growing up but later changed her name to "Adler" for her stage career. After playing many child roles in the Yiddish theater, Adler distanced herself from the theater for a time during her teenage years, but then resumed her acting career in 1909 as Celia Feinman with the encouragement of the actress Bertha Kalisch, with whom she co-starred in a production of Hermann Sudermann's play Heimat. Adler acted alongside her mother in the London Pavilion Theatre, and they toured together in 1910. When she was hired by Boris Thomashefsky as an understudy for the New York People's Theater, and she signed on as Celia Adler. Her first several years of acting were difficult, as she moved between temporary contracts in the male-dominated field. Adler's first major dramatic success was in Ossip Dymou's "The Eternal Wanderer," at Boris Thomashefsky's National Theater in New York in 1913. In 1918, she was hired by the Yiddish Art Theater, which put on as many as thirty-five plays per season and relied on actors ad-libbing their lines. Adler was typically cast as a weeping maiden or desperate mother. Adler and Jacob Ben-Ami convinced director Maurice Schwartz to stage a serious drama, which was an instant hit, but did not ultimately change Schwartz's directing style. Because of this, in 1919, Ben-Ami separated from The Yiddish Art Theater and formed The Jewish Art Theater, which Adler joined. This theater featured Jewish playwrights and Yiddish translations of English, Russian, and German plays, and performed at The Irving Palace Theater. However, this theater was short-lived due to a conflict with the financial backer. In the 1921-22 season, Adler was the leading lady in Schwartz's troupe. The next year, she was a guest star in Philadelphia with Anshel Schorr and touring Europe and America with Ludwig Satz. In 1927-28, she directed her own repertory company. The next year, she re-encountered her childhood acquaintance theater manager and actor Jack Cone, who suggested he marry her so he could join her on her journey to perform in Buenos Aires and appease her fear of traveling alone. During her career, Adler created leading roles in Yiddish versions of many classic plays, including the work of Hauptmann, Sudermann, Ibsen, Shaw and Shakespeare. As Yiddish-language theater became less popular with the dispersal of the Jewish community and decrease in Yiddish-speakers, Adler made her loyalty to the genre clear; when she acted in an English version of David Pinski's The Treasure, she wrote a letter in the newspaper "The Yiddish World" assuring her fans that this was temporary. After World War II, Adler was contracted by the Jewish Welfare Board to entertain troops in American military camps with an English and Yiddish program that she later brought off-Broadway. In 1946, Adler gave one of the first theatrical portrayals of a Holocaust survivor in Luther Adler's Broadway production A Flag Is Born (written by Ben Hecht and featuring a 22-year-old Marlon Brando, Stella Adler's prize pupil in method acting). Adler, along with co-stars Paul Muni and Marlon Brando, refused to accept compensation above the Actor's Equity minimum wage because of her commitment to the cause of creating a Jewish State in Israel. While this play was expected to run for a month, it lasted thirty weeks. Adler's last appearance on stage was in 1961 in A Worm In Horseradish. After her death, she continued to occasionally act at recitals, benefits, and lectures until her death. In 1937, Celia Adler starred in the Henry Lynn Yiddish film, Where Is My Child. From 1937-1952, she appeared in several films and television programs. Her last film was a 1985 British documentary with archive footage, Almonds and Raisins, narrated by, among others, Orson Welles, Herschel Bernardi and Seymour Rechzeit. She was married three times, to actor Lazar Freed, theatrical manager Jack Cone, and businessman Nathan Forman. She and Freed married in 1914; they had one child, Selwyn (Zelig) Freed and divorced in 1919. In 1930 Adler married Cone, who was her manager at the time; he died in 1959. Later that same year she married Forman, who died just one month before Adler, in 1979. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/almonds-and-raisins-a-history-of-yiddish-cinema-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Hollywood The Golden Years: The RKO Story DVD, Download, USB Drive

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 19:35:00 PST

January 31, 1929: #BOTD: #HBD! Jean Simmons, English-American actress, singer and beauty (d. January 22, 2010) is #born Jean Merilyn Simmons, in Islington, London, to Charles Simmons, a bronze medalist in gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics, and his wife, Winifred Ada (nee Loveland). Jean Merilyn Simmons, OBE was one of J. Arthur Rank's "well-spoken young starlets", and she appeared predominantly in films, beginning with those made in Great Britain during and after World War II, followed mainly by Hollywood films from 1950 onwards. Simmons was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Hamlet (1948), and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for Guys and Dolls (1955). Her other film appearances include Young Bess (1953), The Robe (1953), Elmer Gantry (1960), Spartacus (1960), and the 1969 film The Happy Ending, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She also won an Emmy Award for the miniseries The Thorn Birds. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/hollywood-the-golden-years-the-rko-story-dvd-set-2-disc2.html